COURSES OF STUDIES

FOR POST GRADUATE DEGREE

IN MATHEMATICS
(SEMESTER SYSTEM)
Session: 2016-2018

GANGADHAR MEHER UNIVERSITY,

UNIVERSITY
SAMBALPUR, ODISHA
Courses of Studies for P. G. in MATHEMATICS

Session 2016-2018

Framed and approved by

The Board of Studies in MATHEMATICS

Published under the authority of Registrar

Gangadhar Meher University, Sambalpur.

 FOREWORD

The University Grants Commission has decided to do away with the

annual examination system and adopt the Semester System in all Colleges
and Universities during the 11th Five-Year-Plan. By this, the students will be
evaluated by a continuous internal process. It gives the student an
advantage of quick learns and fear of examination is obliterated. The
Department of Higher Education, Government of Odisha in its letter no. HE-
UM-1/06 (Pt) 33388/01.09.2006 has proposed to introduce the Semester
System in all autonomous colleges from the academic session, 2011-2012.
Our college implemented this system at both UG and PG level from 2008-09
sessions. The courses have been thoroughly revised basing on the present
needs of the society. At the M. Phil. level, the students are being evaluated
on a scale of Grades instead of marks while the Syllabi are under Course
Credit System.
I hope, the students will immensely benefit from the present Semester
System of Examination.

REGISTRAR
 INDEX
Paper No. Topics Page No.
Rules and Regulations 1

SEMESTER - I

Paper – 101 Algebra 7

Paper - 102 Mathematical Method 7
Paper - 103 Elements of Computer Programming (CBCS) 8
Paper - 104 Partial Differential Equation 8
Paper - 105 Graph Theory - I 9

SEMESTER - II

Paper - 201 Real Analysis 19

Paper – 202 Topology 10
Paper – 203 Operation Research - I 10
Paper - 204 Graph Theory - II 11
Paper - 205 Programming in C 11

SEMESTER - III

Paper - 301 Complex Analysis 12

Paper - 302 Programming in C++ - I 12
Paper - 303 Functional Analysis - I 13
Paper - 304 Operation Research - II 13
Paper - 305 Practical 14

SEMESTER - IV

Paper - 401 Operator Theory 14

Paper - 402 Functional Analysis - II 15
Paper - 403 Programming in C++ - II 15
Paper - 404 Number Theory 16
Paper - 405 Practical/Project 16
 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

P. G. SEMESTER EXAMINATION REGULATIONS

CHAPTER – I

REGULATION OF GENERAL ACADEMIC MATTERS

1.1 The Departments shall follow Semester System of teaching and Examination based on
continuous evaluation internally as well as externally subject to moderation of question
papers. The system of evaluations of the students shall be based on Course Credit
System.

1.1.1 Academic Year

The Academic Year of the department shall ordinarily be from JUNE to MAY. It may
however, be modified by the Staff Council from time to time.

1.1.2 Semester
The academic year shall have two semesters, each of which shall be of 6 months
duration.

1.2 Minimum working days in a Semester

A Semester shall have a minimum of 90 working/instructional days excluding examination
days/Sundays/Holidays etc. The minimum number of classes in a semester shall not fall
short of the number of classes as mentioned below.
1. One Credit hour courses = 10 classes minimum
2. Two Credit hour courses = 20 classes minimum
3. Three Credit hour courses = 30 classes minimum
4. Four Credit hour courses = 40 classes minimum
5. Five Credit hour courses = 50 classes minimum

1.3 Credit hours

One credit shall signify the quantum of teaching imparted corresponding to one hour of
theory class and two hours of laboratory/project work and two hours of seminar per week
during a semester in respect of a particular course. Each teaching hour of theory class will
be of 60 minutes and practical classes/project work will be of 120 minutes duration and
seminar will be of 120 minutes duration. For field study outside headquarters, one working
day will be considered as two teaching hours. However, the field study should not exceed
30 days (including Sundays) in one semester.
The P. G. Syllabus may be so designed that the total of credit hours for all four semesters
shall be 80 spread equally over all semesters as far as practicable, tutorials and
proctorials shall be treated as non-credit components.

1.4 Course
A course is a unit of instruction under any discipline carrying a specific number of credit
hours describing its weightage. Those courses, which a student must take as compulsory
requirement, are, called Core Courses. Those courses, which a student opts out of a list
of specialized courses offered by the department, are called Elective Courses.
Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) is introduced at the P. G. Semester-I level uniformly
in all the subjects to be taught in paper-103. The students of P. G. Arts stream can not opt
for the CBCS course of Science stream. The details of the CBCS courses offered by
different P. G. Departments are given in Annexure-II.

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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS
ANNEXURE-II
CBCS: P. G. Paper-103
Department Name of the CBCS Course
Botany Plant in Human Welfare
Chemistry Polymer Science
Commerce Fundamental of Business Organization and
Entrepreneurship Development
Economics Indian Economy
Education Pedagogical Trends and Issue
English Global English
Geography Introduction to Geography
History Tourism & Heritage Management
Mathematics Elements of Computer Programming
Odia “Adhunika Odia Nataka o Odia Bhashara Dhwanitatwa”
(Modern Odia Drama and Odia Phonetics)
Physics Foundation in Physics
Philosophy Practical Ethics
Political Science Indian Government & Politics
Psychology Fundamentals of Psychology
Sanskrit Arthashastra and Dharmashastra
Zoology Zoology in Human Welfare

1.4.1 Grade
The grade awarded to a student in any particular course shall be based on his/her
performance in all the tests conducted during a semester and shall be awarded at the end
of the semester. The grade in each course is expressed in numerical value in 10.00 scale.
The marks of a student shall be converted to10.00 scale and the points scored thereby
shall be called the “Grade Point” in the course. Respective “Grade Point Average” (GPA)
and “Overall Grade Point Average” (OGPA) shall be awarded at the end of each semester
and all semester respectively. A 3.0 Grade Point is required for passing in individual paper
and 4.0 GPA to pass any semester examination. The G. P. shall be rounded to one
decimal point and GPA to two decimal points.
1.4.2 Grade Point Average (G.P.A.)
Grade Point Average (G.P.A.) of a semester shall be calculated as:

Summation of {(Credits in each course) × (Grade point in that course)}

GPA =
Total No. of Credits in that Semester

Where the summation is taken over all courses in a given semester, G.P.A. shall be
rounded up to 2 decimal points.

1.4.3 O.G.P.A. (Overall Grade Point Average)

It is the average of accumulated grade points of a student, worked out by dividing the
cumulative total of grade points by the cumulative total of credit hours of all the courses
covered and completed by a student during all the Semesters. For the first semester of
the programme the GPA and OGPA shall be the same.

Summation of {(Credits in each semester) × (Total Credits in that semester)}

OGPA =
Total No. of Credits in that Semester

Where the summation is taken over all semesters in a given programme. OGPA shall be
rounded up to e decimal points. For merit lists, in case of equality, the OGPA shall be
calculated beyond two decimal places if necessary.

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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

1.4.4 Conversion of grades to marks and classification of results under course credit system.
The OGPA can be converted to percentage of marks in the following manner:
Percentage of Marks = (OGPA) ×10
A student after successful completion of all the semesters, Degree shall be awarded in
the following manner:
O.G.P.A. ≥ 6.0 : FIRST CLASS
O.G.P.A. ≥ 5.0 - < 6.0 : SECOND CLASS
O.G.P.A. 4.0 - < 5.0 : THIRD CLASS
O.G.P.A. < 4.0 : FAIL

1.5 Academic Calendar

The Examination Section and the academic section shall finalise the schedule of
semester registration and other academic activities at the start of academic session. The
Academic Calendar shall be prepared by the Academic Committee of the College in
consultation with examination section.
The broad format for academic calendar for P. G. with regard to admission, registration
and commencement of classes shall be as follows:
Admission and Registration and
Commencement of Classes for 1st Semester JULY
1st Semester Examination DECEMBER
Commencement of Classes 2nd Semester JANUARY-MAY
2nd Semester Examination JUNE
Commencement of 3rd Semester Classes JULY-NOVEMBER
3rd Semester Examination DECEMBER
Commencement of 4th Semester Classes JANUARY-APRIL
4th Semester Examination APRIL & MAY
Final Results to be published in the month of JUNE

1.5.1 Requirement of award of degree

The minimum credit hour requirement for the Master Degree shall be 80 (eighty) credits
and the residence required for Master Degree shall be continuous four semesters from
the first date of registration and the maximum time allowed to complete the Master
Degree shall be 8 (eight) semesters.

1.6 Requirement for attendance

A candidate shall be required to attend 75% lectures, tutorials and practical classes
separately during the semester (For late admitted students’ attendance to be calculated
from the date of admission). Condonation may be granted by the staff council only to the
extent of 15% in exceptional cases. (Illness, accident, mishap in the family, deputation by
University/Department). When a candidate has been deputed by the College to represent
the college/university/state for any activity, the lectures delivered during his/her absence
for the purpose shall not be counted towards the calculation of attendance provided the
student submits a certificate to that effect from the appropriate authority.

1.7 Registration in a semester

A student has to register his/her name at the beginning of every semester in the
prescribed form, for the course he/she wants to take in that semester. Examination
Section (General) shall notify the registration dates and the list of registered students for
the semester shall be given to the Head of the Department within two weeks of the
commencement of the Semester.

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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER – II

REGULATIONS ON EXAMINATION MATTERS

2.1 Mid Term Examination

In each Semester there shall be one Mid Term Assessment examination of 60 minutes
duration. The Mid Term examination shall be conducted by COE like that of End Term
examination. The answer scripts shall be evaluated by the external and internal
examiners and the marks along with answer scripts shall be retained in COE.
2.2 Semester Examination
After the end of each semester there shall be an examination of each theory paper of 2
hours duration and of each practical paper of 4 hours duration, which shall be called Term
End / “Semester Examination”. The maximum marks for each theory paper shall be 50 out
of which 40 marks for term end and 10 marks for Mid Term. The
maximum marks for each practical/ semester/ project/ dissertation/ review examination
shall be 50 for Arts and Commerce and 100 marks for Science. The classes shall remain
suspended ten days (including Sundays and holidays, if any) before the date of
commencement of semester test for preparation by the students.
2.3 Results of Examinations
The results shall be declared ordinarily within four weeks of completion of the
examinations. A students who seeks re-addition of his/her marks in a course shall be
allowed to do so by submitting an application to Principal along with a required fees in the
fee counter of the College. All such cases/complaints if any shall be disposed of by the
Autonomous Examination Section in a prefixed day and necessary corrections if any shall
be reflected in the mark/grade sheet. The candidates shall have to appear in all the units
of a semester examination to be eligible to be a declared ‘pass’ provided he/she secures
minimum pass marks/grade.
2.4 Promotion to the next semester
A student shall be admitted to the next semester only when he/she appears in all the
papers of the concerned semester examination. However, a student failing to appear
semester examination in some or of all papers due to some reasons as mentioned in 2.5
may be admitted to the next semester. Such a student shall produce sufficient proof in
favour of his/her reason for not being able to appear in some or all papers of the Semester
Examination on the next academic session in the corresponding semesters.
2.5 Absence from Examination
If a student is unable to appear a semester examination in some or all papers the Principal
shall consider his/her case for admission into the next higher semester only the following
cases:
(a) When he/she is hospitalized.
(b) When he/she is not be able to appear in the examination due to serious illness or
death of parents, brothers, sisters, spouse or children.
(c) When he/she met an accident of serious nature.
(d) When the department/University or any official directive deputes him/her
2.6 Procedure for Repeat/Improvement
A student who wants to sit for the semester examination of first and/or second semester in
the subsequent academic session (for repeat or improvement) he/she shall have to apply
to the Principal in plain paper before fifteen days of the commencement of the said
examination. If allowed by the Principal, he/she shall deposit the required fees for each
paper with centre charge and produce the proof to the teacher in-charge examination with
permission letter from the Principal.

In a semester to appear improvement examination the candidates must have passed the
semester examination. A candidate can appear repeat examination of papers in which
he/she has failed or not appeared for reasons mentioned in 2.5.

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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

The Master Degree student seeking to appear/improvement examination in any course(s)

shall get 3 chances for 1st and 2nd semester within 8 semesters.
Candidates appearing in repeat/improvement examination shall not be considered in the
merit list and it shall be reflected in the Provisional Certificate cum Mark sheet (PCM) but
not in the final degree certificate.
2.7 Award of Degree Certificate, Grade/Mark sheet
A Degree certificate under the official seal of the university and signed by the
Vice-Chancellor shall be presented at the Convocation or in absentia to each of the
successful students of particular degree. The Controller of Examinations shall issue the
mark/grade sheet of each semester to the candidates in the sheet of
each semester to the candidates in the prescribed format by depositing the required fees
for marks/Grade Sheet to be deposited in the college counter.

2.8 Guideline for filling up of Forms for PG Classes (IMP/ Repeat)

A student shall repeat all the theory and practical papers in which he/she failed in the
semester examination within a period of eight semesters from the date of first registration.
Such students shall have to apply to the Head of the Department/Principal in plain paper
during the filling up of form for the ensuing semester examination. If allowed, he/she shall
deposit the fees as prescribed by the college.

If a candidate secures less than 3.0 Grade point in a paper(s) and less than 4.0 Grade
point average in a Semester examination he/she has to appear all the papers in that
Semester.

If a candidate secures less than 3.0 Grade Point in a paper(s) and a minimum 4.0 Grade
point average in a semester examination, he/she has to appear only the paper(s) in which
he/she secured less than 3.0 Grade point.

A candidate is eligible to sit for improvement in a paper(s) only when he/she has passed
the semester examination concerned. Further, he/she can improve in a maximum of
EIGHT paper(s) in the entire course. The Master Degree students seeking to take
improvement examination in any course(s) shall get chances within 8 semesters from the
year of admission to the course. The candidates taking this advantage (improvement) will
be examined on the basis of current syllabus and the higher marks shall be retained
during computation of result.

2.9 If a candidate fails to appear in any paper of the said examination and marked ABSENT
his/her results will be declared only when he/she clears that paper/those papers.

2.10 Disciplines in the Examination

(A) Late Comers: A student arriving in the examination hall/room fifteen minutes after the
commencement of the examination shall not be ordinarily allowed to sit for the
examination. No examinee shall be allowed to go out of the examination hall within one
hour of commencement of examination. The invigilators shall keep a record of temporary
absence of students from the examination hall/room during the examination.

(B) Adoption of unfair means in the Examination:

Possession of unauthorized materials and using it, copying from scripts of other students
or from any other source, showing his/her answer script to others during the examination,
creating disturbance or acting in a manner so as to cause inconvenience to other students
in the examination hall or near about shall be treated as adoption of unfair means or
malpractice.
Sd/-
REGISTRAR

5
 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

P. G. Mathematics Science/ Arts w. e. f. 2008 - 09 Session

SEMESTER - I
Paper Subject Mark CH
Paper – 101 Algebra 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 102 Mathematical Method 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 103 Elements of Computer Programming (CBCS) 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 104 Partial Differential Equation 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 105 Graph Theory - I 50 (40+10) 4
Total 250 20

SEMESTER - II
Paper Subject Mark CH
Paper - 201 Real Analysis 50 (40+10) 4
Paper – 202 Topology 50 (40+10) 4
Paper – 203 Operation Research - I 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 204 Graph Theory - II 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 205 Programming in C 50 (40+10) 4
Total 250 20

SEMESTER - III
Paper Subject Mark CH
Paper - 301 Complex Analysis 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 302 Programming in C++ - I 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 303 Functional Analysis - I 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 304 Operation Research - II 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 305 Practical 50 4
Total 250 20

SEMESTER - IV
Paper Subject Mark CH
Paper - 401 Operator Theory 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 402 Functional Analysis - II 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 403 Programming in C++ - II 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 404 Number Theory 50 (40+10) 4
Paper - 405 Practical/Project 50 4
Total 250 20

Total Marks 250 × 4 = 1000

Total Credit Hours 20 × 4 = 80

There will be an Internal Assessment Examination of 5 marks of 30 minutes duration

and an assignment of 5 marks in all theory paper.

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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

SEMESTER – I

Paper - 101
ALGEBRA
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Ideals and Quotient rings, The Field of Quotients of an Integral Domain,
Euclidean rings.

Unit - II
Polynomial Rings, Roots of Polynomials over the Rational Field, Polynomial Rings,
Over Commutative Rings.

Unit - III
Fields, Extension Fields. Roots of Polynomials, More about Roots. The Elements
of Galois Theory. Solvability by Radicals.

Book Prescribed:
Topics in Algebra: I. N. Herstein, Chapter- 3 (Sec. 4 to 11), 5 (5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6
and 5.7 only).

Paper - 102
MATHEMATICAL METHOD
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Laplace Transforms.

Unit - II
Fourier Series and Integrals.

Unit - III
Calculus of Variation: Variation & its Properties, Euler equation.

Books Prescribed:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics: Erwin Kreyszig Wiley, Eastern Ltd., 5th
edition, Chapters - 5 and 10.
2. Calculus of Variations with Application: A. S. Gupta, PHI, Chapter – (Art 1, 2
only).

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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS
Paper – 103 (CBCS)
ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
50 Marks (40+10)

Unit - I (2 Credit Hours)

Binary system, Octal and Hexadecimal systems. Conversion to and from Decimal
systems. Codes, Bits, Bytes and Words. Memory of a computer, Arithmetic and
Logical operations on numbers. Precisions, AND, OR, XOR, NOT and Shift
operators, Basic logic gates and Truth Tables.

Unit - II (3 Credit Hours)

Boolean Algebra, Normal Forms, Representation of unsigned integers, Signed
integer, Real, Double precisions numbers, Long integers.

Unit - III (3 Credit Hours)

Algorithm and Flow chart for solving the following Numerical Analysis problems.
1) Solution of algebraic an transcendental equation of one variable by Bisection,
Regula-Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods.
2) Solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan
(direct), Gauss Seidel (iterative) methods.
3) Newton’s (forward and backward), Lagrange’s interpolation methods.
4) Numerical integration by Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rules, Gaussian quadrature
formula.
5) Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations by Euler and Runga-Kutta
methods.

Reference Books:
1. Structured Computer Organization: Andrew S. Tanenbaum (PHI).
2. Computer Oriented Statistical & Numerical Methods: E. Balagurusamy
(MacMillan India Limited).
3. Discrete Mathematics: M. K. Gupta (Krishna’s).
4. C Language and Numerical Methods: C. Xavier (New Age).
5. Discrete Mathematics – K. Rosen

Paper - 104
PARTIAL DIFERENTIAL EQUATION
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Ordinary differential equations in more than two variables.

Unit - II
Partial differential equations of first Order.

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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

Unit - III
Partial differential equations of second order, Laplaces equation.
The course is covered by Elements of Partial Differential equations: I. N.
Sneddon,
Mc Graw Hill Kogakusha: I
(section - 1 to 6), II, III, IV (section - 1 to 4).

Paper - 105
GRAPH THEORY - I
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Introduction, Paths and Circuits, Trees.

Unit - II
Fundamental circuits, Cut sets and Cut Vertices.

Unit - III
Planar and Dual graphs.

Book Prescribed:
Graph Theory with applications to Engg. and Computer Science: N. Deo
(Prentice Hall of India Ltd.), Chapter - I, II, III, IV, V.

Reference Books:
1. Graph Theory: F. Harary.
2. Graph Theory and Application: Bondy and Murty (Mac Millan).

SEMESTER – II
Paper - 201
REAL ANALYSIS
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Measure on the real line.
Unit - II
Integration of functions of a real variable Differentiation.
Unit - III
Abstract measure space.

Book Prescribed:
Measure theory and Integration: G. De. Barra. Wiley Eastern Ltd.,
Chapter – 1 (1.5 - 1.7), II, III, IV, V.

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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

Reference Books:
1. Real and Abstract Analysis: E. Hewitt and K. Stromberg. Springer International
Student Edition, Narosa Publishing House.
2. Real and Complex Analysis: W. Rudin, Tata Mc Graw Hill.

Paper - 202
TOPOLOGY
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Topological Spaces and Continuous Functions.

Unit - II
Connectedness and Compactness.

Unit - III
Countability and Separation Axioms, The Tychonoff Theorem, Complete Metric
Space, Compactness on Metric Spaces.

Book Prescribed:
Topology A first Course: J. R. Munkers (Prentice Hall of India Ltd.), Chapter - II
(excluding 2.11), III (excluding 3.8), IV (excluding 4.5), V (5.1 only), VII (7.1 and
7.3 only).

Paper - 203
OPERATION RESEARCH - I
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Convex sets and function, Linear Programming.

Unit - II
Duality in Linear Programming, Transportation Problem.

Unit - III
Assignment Problems, Revised Simplex Method.

Book Prescribed:
Operations Research: S. D. Sharma.

Reference Books:
1. Linear Programming and Application: S. I. Gass.
2. Non-Linear Programming: C. Hadley.
3. Operation Research: Kanti Swarup.

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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

Paper - 204
GRAPH THEORY - II
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Vector spaces of graph.

Unit - II
Matrix representation of graphs, Colouring.

Unit - III
Covering and partioning, Directed graphs.

Book Prescribed:
Graph Theory with applications to Engineering and Computer Science: N. Deo,
(Prentice Hall of India Ltd.), Chapter - VI, VII, VIII, IX.

Reference Books:
1. Graph Theory: F. Harary.
2. Graph Theory and Application: Bondy and Murty (Mac Milian).

Paper - 205
PROGRAMMING IN C
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I (2 Credit Hours)
Overview of C, Constants, Variables, Data types, Operators and Expressions,
Managing I/O operators.

Unit - II (3 Credit Hours)

Decision making and Branching, Looping, Arrays, Character, Strings.

Unit - III
User defined Functions, Structure and Union, Pointers.

Book Prescribed:
Programming in ANSI C: E. Balagurusamy.

Reference Books:
1. Let us C: Y. Kanetkar.
2. Mastering in C: Venugopal.
3. Computer Programming in C: V. Rajaraman.

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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

SEMESTER – III
Paper - 301
COMPLEX ANALYSIS
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Complex numbers: The algebra of complex numbers, the geometric
representation of complex numbers.
Complex Functions: Introduction to the concept of analytic functions,
elementary theory of power series, exponential and trigonometric function.

Unit - II
Analytical functions a mapping: Conformality, linear transformation, elementary
conformal mapping. Complex Integration, fundamental theorems, Cauchy
integral formula.
Unit - III
Local properties of analytic functions, the integral forms of Cauchys' Theorem.
Cauchy's Residue Theorem, Contour Int.

Books Prescribed:
1. Complex Analysis: L. V. Ahlfros, Mc Graw Hill, Kogakusha Ltd., Chapter - I, II, III
(excluding 3.1), IV.
2. Function of one Complex Variable: J. B. Conway Narosa Publisher House,
Chapter - 4.

Paper - 302
PROGRAMMING WITH C++ - I
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Principles of object oriented programming - Object oriented programming
paradigm, Basic concept of OOP, benefits of OOP, applications of OOP.
Structure of a C++ program - creating a source file, compiling and linking a C++
program. Tokens, Expression and Control structures - Key words, Identifiers,
Data types. User defined data types, Derived data types, Symbolic constant,
Variables, Operators in C++.

Unit - II
Function in C++, Function prototyping, Call by reference, Inline function, Default
argument, Function overloading. Classes and Objects Defining class and member
function.
Unit - III
Structures of a C++ program with class, nesting of member, memory allocation
for objects, static data member, static member function, Friend function,
pointers to data member.
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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

Book Prescribed:
Object Oriented Programming with C++: E. Balagurusamy, (Chapter 1 to 5).

Reference Books:
1. Object Oriented Programming Turbo C++: Robert Lafore.
2. Mastering in C++: Venugopal.

Paper - 303
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS - I
50 Marks (40+10)

Unit - I
Definition and Examples of Metric space, Inequality of Holder and Minkowski,
Examples of 1p spaces, Complete Space, Contractions, Completion.

Unit - II
Category, Nowhere Differentiable Continuous Functions, Compactness,
Continuity, Uniform continuity, Stoke Weirstrass Theorem, Semicontinuity,
Space of Compact Convex Sets.

Unit - III
Vector Space, Subspace. Quotient Space, Basis, Algebraic Dual, Second Dual,
Convex Sets, Ordered Groups, Hahn-Banach Theorem.

Book Prescribed:
First Course in Functional Analysis: G. Goffman and G. Pedrick, Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd.
Chapter - I (1-1.3, 1.7-1.13, 1.15,1.16), Chapter - II (2.1 – 2.9).

Reference Books:
Functional Analysis with Application: B. Choudhury and S. Nanda, Wiley Eastern
Limited.

Paper - 304
OPERATION RESEARCH - II
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Upper Bounding Technique, Integer Programming Problems, Branch & Bounds.
Gomary Method.

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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

Unit - II
Dynamic Programming, Game Theory.

Unit - III
K. T. Conditions, Quadratic Programming.

Book Prescribed:
Operations Research: S.D. Sharma.
Reference Books:
1. Linear Programming: S. I. Gass.
2. Non-Linear and Dynamic Programming: G. Hadley.
3. Operation Research: Kanti Swarup.

Paper - 305 (PRACTICAL)

MARKS - 50

SEMESTER – IV
Paper - 401
OPERATOR THEORY
(4 Credit Hours) 50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Banach Algebra: Introduction, Complex homomorphism, Basic properties of
spectra.
Unit - II
Commutative Banach Algebra: Ideals, and homomorphism, Geifand transform,
Involution
Unit - III
Bounded operators in a Hillbert Space: Basic facts, Bounded operators, Fuglede-
Putnam – Rosenblum Theorem, Resolution of the identity, the Spectral Theorem, Eigen
– values of normal operators, Positive operators and square roots

Books Recommended:
1. Functional Analysis – Walter Rudin- Tata Mcgraw Hill {Ch – 10 (10.1 – 10.20, Ch-11
(11.1 – 11.20), Ch-12 (12.1 – 12.36)}

Reference Books:
1. Basic Operator Theory: Gohberg and Goldberg.
2. Principle of Functional Analysis: M. Schecter.
3. Theory of Linear Operator, Vol. I, II, Pitman Publishing House: Akhietzer and
Glazeman.
4. Linear Operator, Vol. I, II, III: Donford and Schwarz.
5. Linear Operator on Hilbort Speces, Speringer: Weildman.
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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

Paper - 402
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS - II
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Banach Space, Dual Space, Hahn – Banach Theorem in Normed Space, Uniform
Bounded Principal, Lemma of F. Riesz, Applications, Application to Compact
Transformations.
Unit - II
Second Dual Space, Dual of 1p, Hilbert Space, Projection Theorem, Dual.
Unit - III
Mean Ergodic Theorem, Fourier Expansion, Isoperimetric Theorem. Riesz –
Fischer Theorem, Complete Orthogonal Sets.

Book Prescribed:
First Course in Functional Analysis: G. Goffman and G. Pedrick. Printice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd., Chapter - II (2.11-2.15, 2.17, 2.18), Chapter - IV (4.1-4.5, 4.7,
4.10).
Reference Books:
Functional Analysis with Application: B. Choudhury and S. Nanda, Wiley Eastern
Limited.

Paper - 403
PROGRAMMING IN C++ - II
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Constructors and destructors – Default constructors and parameterized
constructor, copy constructor, dynamic constructor, constructor with default
arguments, dynamic initialization of objects, constructors overloading,
destructors and its function.
Unit - II
Operator overloading and type conversation - Defining operators overloading,
overloading unary and binary operators, overloading binary operators using
friend function, manipulation of strings using operators, rule for overloading
operators, type conversions.
Unit - III
Inheritance: Extending classes - Defining derived classes, single inheritance,
making a private member inheritable, multiple inheritance, Hierarchical
inheritance, Hybrid inheritance, Virtual base class, Abstract classes, constructors
in derived classes, Nesting of classes. Pointers, Virtual functions and
polymorphisms - pointers to objects, this pointer, pointers to derive data classes,
virtual functions, pure virtual function.

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 SEMESTER SYSTEM OF P. G. MATHEMATICS

Book Prescribed:
Object Oriented Programming with C++: E. Balagurusamy, (Chapter 6 to 9).

Reference Books:
1. Object Oriented Programming in Turbo C++: Robert Lafore.
2. Mastering in C++: Venugopal.

Paper - 404
NUMBER THEORY
50 Marks (40+10)
Unit - I
Arithmetical function and Dirichlet multiplication, Congruences.
Unit - II
Dirichlet theorem on primes in arithmetic progression, Periodic arithmetical
functions.
Unit - III
Gauss sums, Quadratic residues and quadratic reciprocity law.

Book Prescribed:
Introduction to Analytic Number Theory: T. M. Apostol (Springer, International
students End) Narosa Publ. House.
Chapter - 2, 5 (5.1 - 5.8), 7, 8, 9 (9.1-9.8)
Reference Books:
1. An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers: Hardy and Wright.
2. Introduction to Analytic Number Theory: K. Chandrashekaram.
3. Arithmetical Functions: K. Chandrashekaram.

Paper - 405 (PRACTICAL/PROJECT)

MARKS - 50

******

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