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Assignment 1

The document discusses infrastructure planning and its importance. It defines infrastructure as the basic physical structures and organizations needed for society to function, such as roads, utilities, and community facilities. Well-planned infrastructure is integral to creating sustainable communities and improving quality of life. It allows for social interaction and access to services. A lack of proper infrastructure can negatively impact public health, economic development, education access, and disrupt the flow of goods and services. Planners play an important role in infrastructure planning by identifying needed projects, ensuring adequate capacity, and coordinating sustainable development.

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Girindra Konwar
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98 views

Assignment 1

The document discusses infrastructure planning and its importance. It defines infrastructure as the basic physical structures and organizations needed for society to function, such as roads, utilities, and community facilities. Well-planned infrastructure is integral to creating sustainable communities and improving quality of life. It allows for social interaction and access to services. A lack of proper infrastructure can negatively impact public health, economic development, education access, and disrupt the flow of goods and services. Planners play an important role in infrastructure planning by identifying needed projects, ensuring adequate capacity, and coordinating sustainable development.

Uploaded by

Girindra Konwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSPORTATION AND

INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING
ASSIGNMENT NO- 1
GIRINDRA NARAYAN KONWAR
M.PLAN 2ND SEM
Q. What is infrastructure? Why is it important in overall planning aspect?

Infrastructure is basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of
a society or enterprise or reproductive system, or the services and facilities necessary
for an economy to function. It can be generally defined as the set of interconnected
structural elements that provide framework supporting an entire structure of
development.

Social infrastructure includes a wide range of services and facilities that meet
community needs for education, health, social support, recreation, cultural expression,
social interaction and community development. Social infrastructure (including schools,
community centers, libraries, community health centers and recreation facilities) is an
essential feature of holistically planned communities and contributes to overall

community wellbeing Social infrastructure provision is integral to the creation of


sustainable communities as it contributes much of the glue that holds communities
together, providing services and facilities that meets the needs of residents, promote
social interaction and enhance the overall quality of life within a community.

The provision of social infrastructure is one tool that can be used to assist with the
integration of new and existing communities which has been identified as a key issue in
urban growth areas. Social infrastructure can be a focal point for community activity and
a place for people to meet and connect. For the purposes of the Planning Social
Infrastructure for Urban Growth Areas project, social infrastructure includes three
broad, interrelated categories:

» Community facilities – the ‘hard infrastructure’ component that includes a variety of


buildings and associated grounds used for community purposes

» Community development – the processes that assists community members to identify


and address their needs

» Human services – the formal services that provide support, advice, education and
information to a wide range of groups within a community.

With coordinated and integrated infrastructure planning and management as well as


with concentrating different infrastructures (energy, transport, environmental) numerous
benefits could be reached: easier and cheaper maintenance and operation; more
effective physical and IT control over the integrated infrastructure including smart
energy grids, intelligent transport systems, integrated infrastructure performance
monitoring systems, securing adequate protection of critical infrastructure and reducing
vulnerability of infrastructure to cyber disruptions and attacks; intelligent disaster-
resilient infrastructure; decreased expropriation costs and less land occupied; avoiding
inefficient investments (for example unnecessary parallel development of infrastructure)
and securing the most efficient use of existing infrastructure; cheaper and more
environmentally friendly transportation and diversification of transport fuels; reduced
overall detrimental environmental impacts arising from construction and maintenance of
infrastructure; some of the environmental infrastructure by-products and waste could be
used as energy carriers; decreased habitat fragmentation and increased biodiversity to
restore functioning ecosystems and provide the fabric for sustainable living; more
effective development of green infrastructure to connect different bio-geographic
regions and habitats as eco-bridges, eco-ducts etc.; easier adaptation to changed
climate conditions which is likely to put a strain on the existing infrastructure based on
research on the impacts of climate change on infrastructure and other related issues
etc. Additional dimensions of integration in planning the infrastructure development are
inclusion of different levels (supra-national, national, regional, local) and different
stakeholders reflecting diverse interests that need to be reconciled in order to reach
balanced development.

Q. Write about the roles of a planner in Infrastructure planning?

Planners are involved in infrastructure planning by:

 Helping to identify major infrastructure projects that would best help


communities.
 Assessing the capacity of existing infrastructure and utilities, and anticipating
future demand.
 Liaising with utility departments/companies and advising on developer
contributions to pay for better infrastructure.
 Ensuring the proper phasing of development.
 Improving and providing housing, infrastructure and services like schools, shops,
health care centers, parks and libraries for growing populations
 Reducing carbon emissions from urban areas, for example by increasing public
transport, introducing landscaping and mixed-use developments; which improves
health.
 Connecting areas with public transport, jobs and green spaces.
 Determining the number of houses required and ensuring the proper phasing of
development.
 Protecting the natural and historical environment.

 Helping to identify major infrastructure projects which would best help


communities.

 Developing and implementing climate change strategies.

 Ensuring development is in the right location.

 Extracting long-term economic value from development

Q. What are the problems that causes due to lack of proper urban
infrastructure?

Infrastructure is the basic equipment and structures such as roads and bridges that are
needed for a country, region, or organization to function properly. Inadequate
infrastructure could be the biggest threat to its long-term growth. Infrastructure
contributes to economic development by increasing productivity and providing services,
which enhance the quality of life.

Safe drinking water plays a major role in the overall well-being of people, with a
significant bearing on mortality rate, longevity and productivity. In India due to lack of
safe drinking water facility millions of people suffer the consequences of drinking
contaminated water.

Lack of basic infrastructure such paths, trails, bridges and roads and access to
transport services makes it difficult for poor people to access markets and services.
There is clear evidence that rural isolation is associated with low agricultural
productivity linked to poor market access and low use of fertilizers and modern
agricultural technologies.

When the state of infrastructure is weak it implies that the economy runs in a highly
inefficient manner as logistics costs are high, businesses lack competitiveness
(because the costs of doing business are high), and there exists a high degree of social
injustice. For example, it is difficult for part of the population to reach healthcare
facilities, or, for children to reach a school. Lack of adequate infrastructure also
seriously undermines the attractiveness of investment climate. For example, the supply
of electricity is uncertain or transportation costs are high.

Lack of good-quality physical infrastructure in combination with weather phenomenon


(such as heavy tropical rainfall) or forces of nature (earthquakes and tsunamis) can
cause major disruptions to the flow of goods and services.

Due to poor waste management, the generated wastes directly affect human heath,
environment, and quality of life. Uncontrolled waste can be a factor in the spread of
diseases such as typhoid, cholera, malaria, dengue etc.

The health of urban poor is considerably worse than the urban middle and high income
groups and in some cases even worse than the rural population due to poor public
health care system.

Due to unavailability of sufficient government infrastructure to provide education to all


and also inaccessibility to private educational institution, the slums of urban areas have
to remain uneducated. It may one of the reasons for not improving physical, social and
economic conditions of these people.

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