Fuel System For UD Tractor GWE 370

Fuel system, system description
 Fuel system
o Fuel system, overview
o Fuel supply system, Basic
o Fuel system, components
o Unit injector, component
Fuel system
Fuel system, overview
The illustration shows the main components included in the fuel system.
Fuel, components
1 Feed pump
2 Strainer, tank level gauge
3 Fuel Filter Housing
4 Pre-filter with water separator
5 Fuel filter
6 Engine electronic control unit cooling loop
7 Overflow valve
8 Unit injector
9 Fuel channel in the cylinder head
10 Venting valve
The fuel system is controlled electronically via EMS (Engine Management System). Fuel is injected by
means of unit injectors, one for each cylinder, at high pressure. The high pressure is generated
mechanically by the camshaft and the rocker arms. The amount of fuel and the injection point are
controlled electronically by the EECU (Engine Electrical Control Unit), which receives signals from several
sensors.
The fuel system is equipped with a manual pump located in the fuel filter housing.
Fuel supply system, Basic

The fuel is sucked from the tanks by the fuel pump (1) and passes through a strainer (2) into the cooling
circuit (6), which cools the EECU. It then continues to the fuel filter housing (3). The fuel passes through
the non-return valve (11) of the manual pump (12) and a pre-filter (4) with a water separator (13). The
function of the non return valve is to prevent the fuel from returning to the tank when the engine is
switched off.
The supply pump (1) sends the fuel to the fuel filter housing (3) and then through the main filter (5) to the
fuel channel (9) in the cylinder head. This channel supplies fuel to each unit injector (8) through a ring
shaped groove around each injector in the cylinder head. the pressure release valve (7) controls the
pressure at which fuel is supplied to the injectors.
The fuel returning from the cylinder head fuel channel (9) continues through the pressure release
valve(7) back to the fuel filter housing (3). The channel in the fuel filter housing mixes the return fuel with
fuel from the tank, which is sent to be supply pump inlet (suction side).
There are two valves in the supply pump. The safety valve (14) allows the fuel to return to the suction
side when the pressure becomes very high, for example, when the fuel filter is blocked. The non-return
valve (15) opens when the manual fuel pump (12) is used so that the fuel can easily be manually
pumped.
The fuel system is bled automatically when the engine starts working. The bleeder valve (10) is located in
the fuel filter housing and is connected to the fuel return line leading to the tank so that all of the air in the
system can return to the tank through the return line, together with a small amount of fuel.
When the filters are changed, the valve cones (18) and (19) close to prevent fuel from leaking when the
fuel filter is removed. The valves (18) and (20) located in the filter housing controls the bleeding from the
filter when it is replaced.
There is a fuel pressure sensor (21) in the fuel filter housing which measures the feed pressure after the
fuel filter. A fault code is shown on the instrument panel if the feed pressure is less than the value given in
the fault code book. The plugged outlet (22) in the fuel filter housing is used for feed pressure
measurements with an external pressure sensor or gauge.
There is a level sensor (23) inside the water separator (13) which sends a signal to the driver if there is
water in the system. Drainage is carried out by means of a buttons on the instrument panel (24). This
buttons opens an electrical drainage valve (25) in response to a command from the EECU.
As an extra accessory there is also a fuel heater (26) that is installed in the lower part of the water
separator.
Note
The manual pump must not be used when the engine is running.
Fuel system, components

(A) : The unit injectors are of the type E3 which contain two solenoid valves.
(B) : There is a manual pump (1) on the fuel filter bracket which is used to pump fuel to the front if the
system is emptied, and a non-return valve to prevent fuel from returning to the tank when the engine is
switched off. The electrical connections (2) are for the level sensor (3), the drainage valve (4) and the
heater (5) in the water separator (6). The pre-filter (7) filters fuel before it passes through the supply
pump, it is installed on the suction site. The main filter (8) filters fuel after it passes through the supply
pump, it is installed on the pressure site. The venting valve (17) are located in the fuel filter bracket. It is
coupled to the return line to the fuel tank.
(C) : The fuel pump is of the gear type and mounted on the power steering pump (9). The fuel pump is
driven by the shaft (10) passing through the power steering pump. Sealing between the two pumps uses
an O-ring (11) positioned in a groove in the power steering pump flange. Power transmission between the
pumps is via a floating follower (12). The pump safety valve (13) is located in the pump housing and the
non-return valve (14) in the pump end cover. Fuel which leaks past the pump drive shaft is drawn back to
the suction side in the pump via a channel (15).
(D) : The cooling loop on the left side of the engine cools the engine electronic control unit EECU using
fuel from the suction side of the feed pump.
(E) : The overflow valve (16) on the cylinder head controls the pressure in the low pressure system, which
supplies fuel to the unit injectors and at the same time cools them.
Unit injector, component

The unit injectors has two solenoid valves which helps for better injection. This ensures better combustion
and minimises particle emission, producing cleaner exhaust gases
The unit injectors are placed vertically inside each cylinder, between the four valves, and are held in place
with yokes (1). The lower part of each injector is supported against the coolant lining by a copper
sleeve (2) and an O-ring (3). The ring-shaped chamber (4) around each injector is sealed by two
rings(5) and (6).
A unit injector principally consists of three parts :
(A) Pump
(B) Valve section (Actuator)
(C) Injection nozzle
The injector has two solenoid valves, the waste valve (7) and the needle valve (10) with solenoid
coils(8) and (9) respectively and return springs.
In filling phase the pump piston moves upwards and fuel from the cylinder head fuel rail is drawn in the
unit injector.
In the waste phase the pump piston moves down and fuel is forced back out into the cylinder head fuel
rail. Since the solenoid valve coils have no current (both valves are not activated) and the waste valve is
open, no pressure can build up in the fuel channel to the nozzles.
In the pressure build-up phase the waste valve solenoid coil is energised by electric current and the
waste valve closes. This allows a high pressure to be built up in the fuel channel (13). Pressure also
increases in the chamber (14) behind the needle valve, which affects the needle valve piston (11) and
prevents the needle valve (10) from opening the nozzle pin (12).
Once the desired fuel pressure has been achieved, the injection phase begins. The needle solenoid valve
coil receives electric current and opens the needle valve (10). This releases the fuel under high pressure
on to the needle valve piston and the nozzle pin (12) opens. Atomised fuel now sprays out at extremely
high pressure into the engine combustion chamber.
Fuel injection is stopped by opening the waste valve again, which causes the pressure on the
piston(11) to fall rapidly and the nozzle pin (12) closes.
The complete injection process is controlled by the EMS.
There are three marks on the electrical connector of the injector (15) , the part number (16), the trim
code (17) and the manufacturing number (18). When replacing one or more injectors, the engine control
unit must be programmed with the trim code of the new injector since each injector is unique and the
engine is adjusted for ideal fuel injection with the minimum possible amount of emissions. The trim code
is programmed with the help of the parameter programming in diagnostic tool (). Programming only needs
to be carried out for the specific injector or injectors which have been replaced.

Fuel System For UD Tractor GWE 370

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Fuel System For UD Tractor GWE 370

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Fuel system, system description

Fuel supply system, Basic

Fuel system, components

Unit injector, component

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