Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 59 views

    Basics of Psychology 11

    Uploaded by

    Or
    Trait theories view personality as patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that are relatively stable over time. Traits differ across individuals and influence behavior. Theories include Hippocrates' humoral theory relating temperaments to bodily fluids, Kretschmer's body types theory, Cattell's 16 primary traits identified through factor analysis, Eysenck's two dimensions of introversion-extroversion and neuroticism-stability, and Cloninger's model adding temperament dimensions like novelty seeking and harm avoidance influenced by neurotransmitters to character dimensions like self-directedness. Criticisms note traits represent a limited view and theories emphasize different aspects of personality.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Basics of Psychology 11

    Uploaded by

    Or
    59 views3 pages
    Trait theories view personality as patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that are relatively stable over time. Traits differ across individuals and influence behavior. Theories include Hippocrates' humoral theory relating temperaments to bodily fluids, Kretschmer's body types theory, Cattell's 16 primary traits identified through factor analysis, Eysenck's two dimensions of introversion-extroversion and neuroticism-stability, and Cloninger's model adding temperament dimensions like novelty seeking and harm avoidance influenced by neurotransmitters to character dimensions like self-directedness. Criticisms note traits represent a limited view and theories emphasize different aspects of personality.

    Original Description:

    psychology

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Trait theories view personality as patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that are relatively stable over time. Traits differ across individuals and influence behavior. Theories include Hippocrates' humoral theory relating temperaments to bodily fluids, Kretschmer's body types theory, Cattell's 16 primary traits identified through factor analysis, Eysenck's two dimensions of introversion-extroversion and neuroticism-stability, and Cloninger's model adding temperament dimensions like novelty seeking and harm avoidance influenced by neurotransmitters to character dimensions like self-directedness. Criticisms note traits represent a limited view and theories emphasize different aspects of personality.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views3 pages

    Basics of Psychology 11

    Uploaded by

    Or
    Trait theories view personality as patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that are relatively stable over time. Traits differ across individuals and influence behavior. Theories include Hippocrates' humoral theory relating temperaments to bodily fluids, Kretschmer's body types theory, Cattell's 16 primary traits identified through factor analysis, Eysenck's two dimensions of introversion-extroversion and neuroticism-stability, and Cloninger's model adding temperament dimensions like novelty seeking and harm avoidance influenced by neurotransmitters to character dimensions like self-directedness. Criticisms note traits represent a limited view and theories emphasize different aspects of personality.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    PERSONALITY –

    Trait theories of personality


    Basics of Psychology

    Trait theories of personality Hippocrates (400 BC) and


    Trait theorists are primarily interested in the
    measurement of traits, which can be defined
    Galenus
    as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, pszükhé, dietétika
    and emotion.
    humoral theory of disease
    Traits - temperament
    According to this perspective, traits are relatively 4 substances: earth, fire, air, and water
    stable over time, differ across individuals, and Galenus (130-200 AD) – humours and temperaments
    influence behavior. • Melancholy (black bile corresponrs with melankholé)
    States - character – depressive
    Traits are in contrast to states which are more • Choleric (yellow bile, kholé) – irritable
    transitory dispositions. • Sanguine (blood, haima) – optimistic, sanguine
    3
    • Phlegmatic (phlegm, phlegma) – calm, apathetic

    Kretschmer (1988-1964) Kretschmer (1988-1964)

    His classification system was based on three main body His classification system was based on three main body
    types and the neuroendocrine system. types and the neuroendocrine system.
    • ASTHENIC/LEPTOSOMIC (thin, small, weak) –
    Schizothymic (Hyperesthetic-sensitive and
    Anesthetic-Cold)
    • ATHLETIC (muscular, large-boned)
    • PYKNIC (stocky, fat) – Cyclothymic (Depressive and
    Hypomanic)

    1
    Criticism of • We can measure the personality only the
    common properties.
    Trait theories of personality
    • The question limits, makes simple the possible
    answers.
    Allport: • The question is a special glasses through which
    I see the world.
    • Common traits: dimensions, with which
    we can compare the persons • There isn’t only one theory or questionnaire that
    can write the human personality.
    • Dispositions: the uniqe, special • At the begining the psychologist search, are
    organization of person’s traits (cardinal, looking for the main traits.
    central, secondary) • Every theory, questionnaire, answers of the
    questions a single point of view. 8

    Cattell’s factor analysis Cattell’s factor analyses


    Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)
    self-report personality test
    16PF measures 16 primary trait constructs:
    Warmth, Reasoning, Emotional Stability, Dominance,
    Liveliness, Rule-Consciousness, Social Boldness,
    Sensitivity, Vigilance, Abstractedness, Privateness,
    Apprehension, Openness to Change, Self-Reliance,
    Perfectionism, Tension
    Warmth (reserved or outgoing), Reasoning (concrete or
    abstract thinking)

    Eysenk’s theoretical perspective Lexical perspective –


    Allport, Odbert, Norman, Goldberg
    The language contains all personality dimensions
    Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)
    Webster – 550 words, factor analysis
    Only 2 main dimensions Big Five, the most famous personality questionnaire
    1. Introversion – Extroversion • Extroversion/Introversion
    2. Neuroticism – Stability • Neuroticism
    • Agreeableness
    • Conscientiousness
    3. Psychoticism – Socialisation
    • Openness to experience

    2
    Factor analysis • there are two kinds of intelligence, "verbal
    intelligence" and "mathematical
    • Staistical method for simplefied the dataset: intelligence"
    reduce the set of variables in a dataset
    mathematical
    • Searching the latent variables Mathematics,
    Physics,
    • from n-dimensional space to a smaller Chemistry
    dimensional space
    • Suppose a psychologist has the hypothesis that
    there are two kinds of intelligence, "verbal
    Literature,
    intelligence" and "mathematical intelligence", History
    neither of which is directly observed.
    verbal
    13 14

    Cloninger’s TCI – Temperament dimensions


    a psychobiological model
    Temperament and Character Inventory Personality dimension Neurotransmitter Behavioural reaction

    – Temperament dimensions
    • Novelty Seeking (NS) Exploration, Fight or
    Novelty Seeking (NS) Dopamine
    Escape, Flight
    • Harm Avoidance (HA)
    • Reward Dependence (RD)
    • Persistence (PS) Harm Avoidance (HA) Serotonin Passive aviodance

    – Character dimensions
    Openness to warm
    • Self-Directedness (SD) Reward Dependence communication,
    Noradrenaline
    • Cooperativeness (CO) (RD) Attachement,
    • Self-Transcendence (ST) Dependence
    15 16

    Temperament dimensions Questions


    • Show the Big Five theory!
    • Show the Cloninger’s personality model!

    17 18

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy