Exercise 1
Exercise 1
Exercise 1
2 - Exercise 1 Page 1 of 4
Exercise 1
Solve the first-order equation 2ut + 3ux = 0 with the auxiliary condition u = sin x when t = 0.
Solution
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Strauss PDEs 2e: Section 1.2 - Exercise 1 Page 2 of 4
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Strauss PDEs 2e: Section 1.2 - Exercise 1 Page 3 of 4
Figure 2: Plot of the characteristic curves along with the data curve in the tx-plane.
To solve this PDE with the coordinate method, start by making the change of variables,
t0 = 2t + 3x
x0 = 3t − 2x.
Solving for the old variables in terms of the new ones gives us
1
t= (2t0 + 3x0 )
13
1
x = (3t0 − 2x0 ).
13
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Strauss PDEs 2e: Section 1.2 - Exercise 1 Page 4 of 4
To find what ut and ux are in terms of these new variables, it’s necessary to use the chain rule.
∂u ∂t0 ∂u ∂x0
ut = + = 2ut0 + 3ux0
∂t0 ∂t ∂x0 ∂t
∂u ∂t0 ∂u ∂x0
ux = 0 + 0 = 3ut0 − 2ux0
∂t ∂x ∂x ∂x
Now we substitute these expressions into the PDE. The transformed equation is
13ut0 = 0
ut0 = 0.
u(x0 , t0 ) = g(x0 ),
ut = 3g 0
ux = −2g 0
2ut + 3ux = 0, which means this is the solution to the PDE. Now plug in the initial condition,
u(x, 0) = sin x to determine g.
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