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The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

The document discusses heat transfer through plane walls and hollow cylinders. It introduces the concept of the overall heat transfer coefficient U, which expresses the combined effects of conduction and convection. The critical thickness of insulation on a pipe is also covered, defining the critical radius ro as the thickness where additional insulation will decrease rather than increase heat transfer due to convection. A table demonstrates how heat transfer varies with insulation thickness, with an optimal critical radius ro of 56.7mm.

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24 views

The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

The document discusses heat transfer through plane walls and hollow cylinders. It introduces the concept of the overall heat transfer coefficient U, which expresses the combined effects of conduction and convection. The critical thickness of insulation on a pipe is also covered, defining the critical radius ro as the thickness where additional insulation will decrease rather than increase heat transfer due to convection. A table demonstrates how heat transfer varies with insulation thickness, with an optimal critical radius ro of 56.7mm.

Uploaded by

Anonymous 2BJgxbxJ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T.

Jarullah

The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient


Consider the plane wall shown. This wall is exposed to a hot fluid A on one side and a cooler
fluid B on the other side. The heat transfer is expressed by

T
Since q  
 Rth

The overall heat transfer by combined conduction and convection is frequently expressed in
terms of an overall heat-transfer coefficient U, defined by

Where A is some suitable area for the heat flow. The overall heat-transfer coefficient would
be

The overall heat-transfer coefficient is also related to the R value as

For a hollow cylinder exposed to convection on its inner and outer surfaces. TA and TB are
the two fluid temperatures. Note that the area for convection is not the same for both fluids.
Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

The overall heat transfer would be expressed by

The overall heat-transfer coefficient may be based on either the inside or the outside area of
the tube. Accordingly:

; q  U i Ai Toverall

;
q  U 0 A0 Toverall

 U i Ai  U 0 A0  DiU i  D0U 0
Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

Critical Thickness of Insulation

For the layer of insulation which is installed around a circular pipe as shown in figure below.
The inner temperature of the insulation is fixed at Ti, and the outer surface is exposed to a
convection environment at T∞.
Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

From the thermal network the heat transfer is:

To determine the outer radius of insulation ro that maximize the heat transfer, we may
differential q to ro as:

Which gives

(k = kinsulation)

ro is the critical-radius-of-insulation concept. If the outer radius is less than the value given by
the last equation, the heat transfer will increase by adding more insulation. For outer radii
greater than the critical value, an increase in insulation thickness will cause a decrease in heat
transfer. The central concept is that for sufficiently small values of h the convection heat loss
may actually increase with the addition of insulation because of increased surface area.
Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

The following table shows the concept of critical radius of insulation.

ro (mm) q (W/m)
25 84.8
35 98.32
45 104.1
55 105.71
56.7 105.72
65 105.2
75 103.7
85 101.7
105 97.3
155 82.7

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