OUTPUT

SLAB ANALYSIS DESIGN

Upper floor are designed as monolithc beams and slab spanning two way
and supported on beams framing into the columns.

Panel 1
Two adjacent edges discontinuous
Lx = 4.5m Ly= 4.9m fcu= 25 N/m2 fY= 460 N/m2 h=150mm

Durability and fire resistance

Minimum cover for mild exposure =20mm Cover =20mm
Max fire resistance for 160mm slab with 20mm cover =1 hour

Loading
Self weight of slab 0.15*24 =3.6 kN/m2
Finishes 0.05*24 =1.2 kN/m2
Partitions =3 kN/m2
Gk= 7.8 kN/m2
Characteristics dead load 7.8 kN/m2
Qk =1.5 kN/m2
Characteristics live load 1.5 kN/m2
n =14 kN/m2
Max design load ,n,= 1.6* Qk +1.4* Gk 1.5*1.6+7.8*1.4 = 14
kN/m2

Maximum ultimate moments

Ly/ Lx=4.9/4.5 =1.1

Short span
Ultimate bending moments at continuous edge =-0.056*14*4.52 =16 kNm
Ultimate bending moments at midspan =+0.042*14*4.52 =12 kNm
Longer span
Ultimate bending moments at continuous edge =-0.045*14*4.52 =13 kNm
Ultimate bending moments at midspan = +0.034*14*4.52 =10 kNm
Main reinforcements
Assuming the use of max 10mm bars
Along the longer span d=150-20-5 =125mm
Along the longer span d=150-20-10-5 =115mm
Short span along the edges
K=M/ fcu bd2 =16E6/25*1000*1252=0.034

1
Z=125(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =119mm
As= M/0.95Z fY =16E6/0.95*119*460 =308 mm2/m
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =188 mm2/m
Y10 @250mm (314
mm2/m)
Provide Y10 @250mm (314 mm2/m)
Short span at midspan
K=12E6/25*1000*1252 =0.026
Z=125(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =119mm
Y10 @300mm (262
As= M/0.95Z fY =12E6/0.95*119*460 =230 mm /m 2
mm2/m)
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =188 mm2/m
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)
Long span along the edges
K=M/ fcu bd2 =13E6/25*1000*1152=0.033
Z=115(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =109mm
As= M/0.95Z fY =13E6/0.95*109*460 =273 mm2/m Y10 @250mm (314
mm2/m)
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =173 mm2/m
Provide Y10 @250mm (314 mm2/m)
Long span at midspan
K=M/ fcu bd2 =10E6/25*1000*1152=0.033
Z=115(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =109mm
As= M/0.95Z fY =10E6/0.95*109*460 =210 mm2/m Y10 @300mm (262
mm2/m)
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =173 mm2/m
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)
Deflection

Basic span/effective depth≤26

Short span and reinforcement at the bottom in that direction

Span =4.5m
4500/125=36
Modification factor( m.f)
M/bd2 =12E6/1000*1252=0.768 fs=2*460*230 = 269 N/m2
3*262
m.f=0.55+ (477-269) =1.59
120*(0.9+0.768)
Deflection ok!
2
m.f *26= 41.3
36 < 41.3

Cracking Cracking width ok!

Since h<250mm minimum spacing between main bars < 3d

3*115=345mm
Panel 2
One short edge discontinuous
Lx = 3.7m Ly= 4.9m fcu= 30 N/m2 fY= 460 N/m2 h=150mm

Durability and fire resistance

Minimum cover for mild exposure =20mm
Max fire resistance for 150mm slab with 20mm cover =1 hour

Loading
Self weight of slab 0.15*24 =3.6 kN/m2
Finishes & screed 0.05*24 =1.2 kN/m2
Partitions =3 kN/m2 Gk=7.8 kN/m2

Characteristics dead load Gk 7.8 kN/m2 Qk=1.5 kN/m2

Characteristics live load Qk 1.5 kN/m2

n= 14 kN/m2
Max design load ,n,= 1.6* Qk +1.4* Gk 1.5*1.6+7.8*1.4 = 14
kN/m2

Maximum ultimate moments

Ly/ Lx=4.9/3.7 =1.3

Short span
Ultimate bending moments at continuous edge =-0.052*14*3.72 =10 kNm
Ultimate bending moments at midspan =+0.039*14*3.72 =7.5 kNm
Longer span
Ultimate bending moments at continuous edge =-0.037*14*3.72 =7.1 kNm
Ultimate bending moments at midspan = +0.028*14*3.72 =5.4 kNm
Main reinforcements
Assuming the use of max 10mm bars
Along the longer span d=150-20-5 =125mm
Along the longer span d=150-20-10-5 =115mm

3
Short span along the edges
K=M/ fcu bd2 =10E6/25*1000*1252=0.021
Z=125(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =119mm
As= M/0.95Z fY =10E6/0.95*119*460 =192 mm2/m
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =188 mm2/m
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)
Y10 @300mm (262
mm2/m)
Short span at midspan

K=7.5E6/25*1000*1252 =0.016
Z=125(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =119mm
As= M/0.95Z fY =7.5E6/0.95*119*460 =144 mm2/m
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =188 mm2/m Y10 @300mm (262
mm2/m)
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)
Long span along the edges
K=M/ fcu bd2 =7.1E6/25*1000*1152=0.019
Z=115(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =109mm
As= M/0.95Z fY =7.1E6/0.95*109*460 =149 mm2/m
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =173 mm2/m
Y10 @300mm (262
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)
mm2/m)
Long span at midspan
K=M/ fcu bd2 =5.4E6/25*1000*1152=0.014
Z=115(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =109mm
As= M/0.95Z fY =5.4E6/0.95*109*460 =113 mm2/m
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =173 mm2/m Y10 @300mm (262
mm2/m)
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)
Deflection
Basic span/effective depth≤26

Short span and reinforcement at the bottom in that direction

Span =3.7m
3700/125=30
Modification factor( m.f)
M/bd2 =7.5E6/1000*1252=0.48 fs=2*460*113 = 132 N/m2
4
 3*262
m.f = 0.55+ (477-132) =2.6
120*(0.9+0.48)

m.f *26= 68
36 < 41.3 Deflection ok!

Cracking
Cracking width ok!
Since h<250mm minimum spacing between main bars <3d
3*115=345mm

Panel 3
One long edge discontinuous
Lx = 3.3m Ly= 3.7m fcu= 25 N/m2 fY= 460 N/m2 h=150mm

Durability and fire resistance

Minimum cover for mild exposure =20mm
Max fire resistance for 150mm slab with 20mm cover =1 hour

Loading
Self weight of slab 0.15*24 =3.6 kN/m2
Finishes 0.05*24 =1.2 kN/m2
Partitions =3 kN/m2

Characteristics dead load 7.8 kN/m2

Characteristics live load 1.5 kN/m2

Max design load ,n,= 1.6* Qk +1.4* Gk 1.5*1.6+7.8*1.4 = 14

kN/m2

Maximum ultimate moments

Ly/ Lx=3.7/3.3 =1.1

Short span
Ultimate bending moments at continuous edge =-0.049*14*3.32 =7.5 kNm
Ultimate bending moments at midspan =+0.036*14*3.32 =5.5 kNm

5
Longer span
Ultimate bending moments at continuous edge =-0.037*14*3.32 =5.6 kNm
Ultimate bending moments at midspan = +=-0.028*14*3.32 =4.3 kNm
Main reinforcements
Assuming the use of max 10mm bars
Along the longer span d=150-20-5 =125mm
Along the longer span d=150-20-10-5 =115mm
Short span along the edges
K=M/ fcu bd2 =7.5E6/25*1000*1252=0.016
Z=125(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =119mm
Y10 @300mm (262
As= M/0.95Z fY =7.5E6/0.95*119*460 =144 mm2/m mm2/m)
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =188 mm2/m
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)

Short span at midspan

Y10 @300mm (262
K=5.5E6/30*1000*1252 =0.012
mm2/m)
Z=125(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =119mm
As= M/0.95Z fY =5.5E6/0.95*119*460 =103 mm2/m
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =188 mm2/m
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)
Y10 @300mm (262
Long span along the edges mm2/m)
K=M/ fcu bd2 =5.6E6/25*1000*1152=0.014
Z=115(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =109mm
As= M/0.95Z fY =5.6E6/0.95*109*460 =118 mm2/m
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =173 mm2/m
Y10 @300mm (262
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)
mm2/m)

Long span at midspan

K=M/ fcu bd2 =4.3E6/25*1000*1152=0.011
Z=115(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =109mm
As= M/0.95Z fY =4.3E6/0.95*109*460 =90 mm2/m
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =173 mm2/m
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)

6
Deflection

Basic span/effective depth≤26

Short span and reinforcement at the bottom in that direction

Span =3.3m
3300/125=26.4
Modification factor( m.f)
M/bd2 =5.4E6/1000*1252=0.35 fs=2*460*103 = 108 N/m2
3*393
m.f=0.55+ (477-108) =3.0
120*(0.9+0.35) Deflection ok!

m.f *26= 78
36 < 78

Cracking
Since h<250mm minimum spacing between main bars <3d
3*115=345mm
Cracking width ok!

Panel 5
One long edge discontinuous
Lx = 4.1m Ly= 4.5m fcu= 25 N/m2 fY= 460 N/m2 h=150mm

Durability and fire resistance

Minimum cover for mild exposure =20mm
Max fire resistance for 150mm slab with 20mm cover =1 hour

Loading
Self weight of slab 0.15*24 =3.6 kN/m2
Finishes 0.05*24 =1.2 kN/m2
Partitions =3 kN/m2

Characteristics dead load 7.8 kN/m2

Characteristics live load 1.5 kN/m2

Max design load ,n,= 1.6* Qk +1.4* Gk 1.5*1.6+7.8*1.4 = 14

kN/m2

7
Maximum ultimate moments

Ly/ Lx=4.5/4.1=1.1
Short span
Ultimate bending moments at midspan =+0.046*14*4.12 =11 kNm
Longer span
Ultimate bending moments at continuous edge =-0.045*14*4.12 =11 kNm
Ultimate bending moments at midspan = +=0.034*14*4.12 =8 kNm
Main reinforcements
Assuming the use of max 10mm bars
Along the longer span d=150-20-5 =125mm
Along the longer span d=150-20-10-5 =115mm

Short span at midspan

K=11 E6/25*1000*1252 =0.023
Z=125(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =119mm Y10 @300mm (262
mm2/m)
As= M/0.95Z fY =11E6/0.95*119*460 =212 mm2/m
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =188 mm2/m
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)

Long span along the edges

K=M/ fcu bd2 =11E6/25*1000*1152=0.028
Y10 @300mm (262
Z=115(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =109mm
mm2/m)
As= M/0.95Z fY =11E6/0.95*109*460 =231 mm2/m
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =173 mm2/m
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)
Long span at midspan
K=M/ fcu bd2 =8E6/25*1000*1152=0.02 Y10 @300mm (262
mm2/m)
Z=115(0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)1/2) <0.95d =109mm
As= M/0.95Z fY =8E6/0.95*109*460 =168 mm2/m
Minimum permissible main tension reinforcement =0.15%bd =173 mm2/m
Provide Y10 @300mm (262 mm2/m)

8
Deflection

Basic span/effective depth≤26

Short span and reinforcement at the bottom in that direction

Span =4.1m
4100/125=32.8
Modification factor( m.f) Deflection ok!
M/bd2 =11E6/1000*1252=0.7 fs=2*460*231 = 180 N/m2
3*393
m.f=0.55+ (477-180) =2.0
120*(0.9+0.35)

m.f *26= 50
36 < 52

Cracking Cracking width ok!

Since h<250mm minimum spacing between main bars <3d
3*115=345mm

BEAMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Beams are supported on the columns and are assumed to be continuous
over the supports and capable of free rotation about them.
Durability and fire resistance
Minimum cover for mild exposure =20mm
Maximum fire resistance of 200mm wide flanged beam with 30mm cover
to main reinforcement =1.5hrs
Beam 1
Loadings
Beam rib and finishes =0.2*24*0.3 +5% = 1.5 kN/m
Partition = 3*0.2*20 = 12 kN/m
Weight from slab =2.45*7.8*1 = 19 kN/m
Characteristics dead 32.6 kN/m
Characteristic live load = 3.7 kN/m

9
From analysis
M mid=86 kNm
Gk=32.6 kN/m
M support=98.8 kNm
Qk=3.7 kN/m
V max =110 kN

Main reinforcements
Top
Minimum flange width required =5M/ fcu hf(2d- hf)=195mm
Effective flange width provided =0.1Lz+bw =0.1*0.7*4900+200=543mm
Assuming 20mm bars, d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =98.8E6/25*543*412^2=0.043

Z ≤ d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =391mm
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =98.8E6/0.95*391*460 =578mm2
Bottom
d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =86E6/25*886*412^2=0.037

Z=d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =391mm
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =86E6/0.95*391*460 =503mm2
Minimum tensile reinforcements Provide
2Y20 (628mm2)
T beam flange in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.26%

100*628/200*412 =0.76% ˃ 0.26%

T beam web in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.18%

100*628/200*412 =0.76% ˃ 0.18%

Provide
2Y20 (628mm2)

Shear reinforcements
Design shear force at d from support=169 kN
ᵞ =v/b*d=110E3/200*412=1.33
Reinforcements ok!
100As/bd=0.76
ᵞc=0.67
Asv/Sv =(ᵞ-ᵞc)b/0.95fyv

10
 SV=198mm
Deflections
Basic span/effective depth ˂ 20.8 (for continuous beam)
4900/412=11.89
No modification factor calculations is required
provide
BS8110
Cl 3.4.5.10 R8 @175mm

Cracking
Clear spacing between shear reinforcement ≤ 47000/fs ≤ 300mm
fs=2*fy* As required/3* As provided =246 N/mm2
47000/246 =191mm
175 ˂ 191 mm Deflections ok!

Crack width ok!

Beam 2
Loadings
Beam rib and finishes =0.2*24*0.3 +5% = 1.5 kN/m
Partition = 3*0.2*20 = 12 kN/m
Weight from slab =4.1*7.8*1 = 32 kN/m
Characteristics dead 45.5 kN/m
Characteristic live load = 6.15 kN/m

From analysis
M mid=125.6 kNm
M support=142.3 kNm
V max =157 kN
Gk=45.5 kN/m

Qk=6.15 kN/m
Main reinforcements
Top
Minimum flange width required =5M/ fcu hf(2d- hf)=282mm
11
 Effective flange width provided =0.1Lz+bw =0.1*0.7*4900+200=543mm
Assuming 20mm bars, d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =142.3 E6/25*662*412^2=0.051

Z ≤ d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =387mm
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =142.3 E6/0.95*387*460 =841mm2
Bottom
d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =125.6E6/25*886*412^2=0.045

Z=d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =390mm
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =125.6E6/0.95*391*460 =736mm2
Minimum tensile reinforcements
T beam flange in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.26% Provide
100*943/200*412 =1.14% ˃ 0.26% 3Y20 (943mm2)

T beam web in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.18%

100*628/200*412 =1.0% ˃ 0.18%

Provide
2Y20&1Y16
Shear reinforcements (829mm2)
Design shear force at d from support=169 kN
ᵞ =v/b*d=157E3/200*412=1.9
100As/bd=1.14
ᵞc=0.76
Asv/Sv =(ᵞ-ᵞc)b/0.95fyv
Reinforcements ok!
SV=115mm
Deflections
Basic span/effective depth ˂ 20.8 (for continuous beam)
4900/412=11.89
No modification factor calculations is required
Cl
3.12.11.2.4
Table 10
provide
Cracking
12
Clear spacing between shear reinforcement ≤ 47000/fs ≤ 300mm R8 @100mm
fs=2*fy* As required/3* As provided =273 N/mm2
47000/273 =172mm
100 ˂ 172 mm

Beam 3 Deflections ok!

Loadings
Beam rib and finishes =0.2*24*0.3 +5% = 1.5 kN/m
Partition = 3*0.2*20 = 12 kN/m
Weight from slab =3.7*7.8*1 = 29 kN/m
Characteristics dead 42.5 kN/m
Crack width ok!
Characteristic live load = 5.6 kN/m

From analysis
M mid=116.3 kNm
M support=133.5 kNm
V max =148 kN

Main reinforcements Gk=42.5 kN/m

Top Qk=5.6 kN/m

Minimum flange width required =5M/ fcu hf(2d- hf)=282mm
Effective flange width provided =0.1Lz+bw =0.1*0.7*4900+200=543mm
Assuming 20mm bars, d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =133.5 E6/25*662*412^2=0.048

Z ≤ d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =387mm
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =133.5 E6/0.95*389*460 =786mm2
Bottom
d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =116.3E6/25*886*412^2=0.04

Z=d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =391mm
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =125.6E6/0.95*391*460 =682mm2
Minimum tensile reinforcements

13
 T beam flange in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.26%

100*829/200*412 =1.0% ˃ 0.26%

T beam web in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.18%

100*741/200*412 =0.9% ˃ 0.18%

Provide 2Y20&
1Y16 (829mm2)

Shear reinforcements
Design shear force at d from support=169 kN Provide 2Y20&
ᵞ =v/b*d=148E3/200*412=1.8 1Y12 (741mm2)

100As/bd=1
ᵞc=0.74
Asv/Sv =(ᵞ-ᵞc)b/0.95fyv

SV=113mm
Deflections
Reinforcements ok!
Basic span/effective depth ˂ 20.8 (for continuous beam)
4900/412=11.89
No modification factor calculations is required
Cl
3.12.11.2.4
Table 10

Cracking
Clear spacing between shear reinforcement ≤ 47000/fs ≤ 300mm
fs=2*fy* As required/3* As provided =291 N/mm2 provide

47000/291 =162mm R8 @100mm

100 ˂ 162 mm
Beam 4
Loadings
Beam rib and finishes =0.2*24*0.3 +5% = 1.5 kN/m
Partition = 3*0.2*20 = 12 kN/m
Deflections ok!
Weight from slab =2.65*7.8*1 = 20.67 kN/m
Characteristics dead 34.2 kN/m
Characteristic live load 2.65*1.5*1 = 4 kN/m

14
 Crack width ok!
From analysis
M mid=109.4 kNm
M support=109.4 kNm
V max =135.4 kN

Main reinforcements
Gk=34.2 kN/m
Bottom
Minimum flange width required =5M/ fcu hf(2d- hf)=122.7mm Qk=4.0 kN/m
Effective flange width provided =0.1Lz+bw =0.1*0.7*4900+200=543mm
Assuming 20mm bars, d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =109.4E6/25*543*412^2=0.047

Z ≤ d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =389mm
Provide2Y20&1Y10
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =109.4E6/0.95*389*460 =644mm 2
(716mm2)
top
d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =109.4E6/25*543*412^2=0.047

Z ≤ d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =389mm
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =109.4E6/0.95*389*460 =644mm2 Provide2Y20&1Y10
(716mm2)
Minimum tensile reinforcements
T beam flange in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.26%

100*716/200*412 =0.87% ˃ 0.26%

T beam web in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.18% Reinforcements ok!
100*87/200*412 =0.87% ˃ 0.18%

Shear reinforcements
Design shear force at d from support=135.4 kN
ᵞ =v/b*d=135.4E3/200*412=1.64

15
100As/bd=0.87
ᵞc=0.70 provide
Asv/Sv =(ᵞ-ᵞc)b/0.95fyv R8 @125mm
SV=127mm
Deflections
Basic span/effective depth ˂ 20.8 (for continuous beam)
4900/412=11.89
No modification factor calculations is required
Deflections ok!

Cracking
Clear spacing between shear reinforcement ≤ 47000/fs ≤ 300mm Crack width ok!
fs=2*fy* As required/3* As provided =276 N/mm2
47000/276 =170mm
125 ˂ 170 mm

Beam 5
Loadings
Beam rib and finishes =0.2*24*0.3 +5% = 1.5 kN/m
Gk=41.7 kN/m
Partition = 3*0.2*20 = 12 kN/m
Weight from slab =3.615*7.8*1 = 28.2 kN/m Qk=5.4 kN/m

Characteristics dead 41.7 kN/m

Characteristic live load 3.615*1.5*1 = 5.4 kN/m

16
From analysis
M mid=136.5 kNm
M support=136.5 kNm
V max =199.4 kN

Main reinforcements
Bottom
Minimum flange width required =5M/ fcu hf(2d- hf)=122.7mm
Effective flange width provided =0.2Lz+bw =0.2*0.7*4900+200=886mm
Assuming 20mm bars, d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =136.5E6/25*886*412^2=0.036
Z ≤ d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =391mm
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =136E6/0.95*391*460 =799mm2 Provide2Y20&1Y16
(829mm2)
top
d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =136.5E6/25*886*412^2=0.036

Z=d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =391mm
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =136E6/0.95*391*460 =799mm2
Provide2Y20&1Y16
(829mm2)

Minimum tensile reinforcements

T beam flange in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.26%

100*829/200*412 =1.0% ˃ 0.26%

Reinforcements ok!
T beam web in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.18%

100*829/200*412 =1.0% ˃ 0.18%

Shear reinforcements
Design shear force at d from support=169 kN
ᵞ =v/b*d=169E3/200*412=2.05

17
100As/bd=1.0
ᵞc=0.74
Asv/Sv =(ᵞ-ᵞc)b/0.95fy provide
SV=168mm
Y8 @150mm
Deflections
Basic span/effective depth ˂ 20.8 (for continuous beam)
4900/412=11.89
No modification factor calculations is required

Deflections ok!

Cracking
Clear spacing between shear reinforcement ≤ 47000/fs ≤ 300mm
fs=2*fy* As required/3* As provided =296 N/mm2
Crack width ok!
47000/296 =159mm
150 ˂ 159 mm

Beam 6
Loadings
Beam rib and finishes =0.2*24*0.3 +5% = 1.5 kN/m
Partition = 3*0.2*20 = 12 kN/m
Weight from slab =2.45*7.8*1 = 19.1 kN/m
Characteristics dead 32.6 kN/m Gk=32.6 kN/m
Characteristic live load 2.45*1.5*1 = 3.7 kN/m
Qk=3.7 kN/m

18
From analysis
M mid=104.3 kNm
M support=104.3 kNm
V max =129.1 kN

Main reinforcements
Bottom
Minimum flange width required =5M/ fcu hf(2d- hf)=206mm
Effective flange width provided =0.1Lz+bw =0.1*0.7*4900+200=543mm
Assuming 20mm bars, d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =104.3E6/25*543*412^2=0.045

Z ≤ d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =390mm
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =104.3E6/0.95*390*460 =612mm2
top
d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =104.3E6/25*543*412^2=0.045

Z ≤ d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =390mm
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =104.3E6/0.95*390*460 =612mm2
Minimum tensile reinforcements
T beam flange in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.26%

100*716/200*412 =0.87% ˃ 0.26%

T beam web in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.18%

100*87/200*412 =0.87% ˃ 0.18%

Shear reinforcements
Design shear force at d from support=135.4 kN
ᵞ =v/b*d=129.1E3/200*412=1.57

19
100As/bd=0.87
ᵞc=0.70
Asv/Sv =(ᵞ-ᵞc)b/0.95fyv

SV=138mm
Deflections
Basic span/effective depth ˂ 20.8 (for continuous beam)
4900/412=11.89
No modification factor calculations is required

Cracking
Clear spacing between shear reinforcement ≤ 47000/fs ≤ 300mm
fs=2*fy* As required/3* As provided =262 N/mm2
47000/262 =179mm
125 ˂ 179 mm
Beam 7
Loadings
Beam rib and finishes =0.2*24*0.3 +5% = 1.5 kN/m
Partition = 3*0.2*20 = 12 kN/m
Weight from slab =2.075*7.8*1 = 16.2 kN/m
Characteristics dead 29.7 kN/m
Characteristic live load 2.075*1.5*1 = 3.1 kN/m
Gk=29.7 kN/m

Qk=3.1 kN/m

From analysis
M mid=115.1 kNm
V max =89.5 kN

Main reinforcements
Bottom

20
Minimum flange width required =5M/ fcu hf(2d- hf)=228mm
Effective flange width provided =0.1Lz+bw =0.1*0.7*4900+200=543mm
Assuming 20mm bars, d= 450-20-10-8 =412mm

K=M/b*d^2*fcu =115.1E6/25*543*412^2=0.05 Provide

2Y20&1Y12
Z ≤ d(0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)^0.5) =385mm
(741mm2)
As =M/0.95*Z*fy =104.3E6/0.95*390*460 =684mm2
Minimum tensile reinforcements
T beam web in tension 100As/bwd ˃ 0.18%

100*87/200*412 =0.89% ˃ 0.18%

Shear reinforcements
Design shear force at d from support=135.4 kN
provide
ᵞ =v/b*d=89.5E3/200*412=1.1
R8 @150mm
100As/bd=0.89
ᵞc=0.70
Asv/Sv =(ᵞ-ᵞc)b/0.95fyv

SV=310mm
Deflections
Deflections ok!
Basic span/effective depth ˂ 20.8 (for continuous beam)
4900/412=11.89
No modification factor calculations is required

Cracking
Clear spacing between shear reinforcement ≤ 47000/fs ≤ 300mm
fs=2*fy* As required/3* As provided =283 N/mm2
Crack width ok!
47000/283 =166mm
150 ˂ 166 mm

COLUMN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Column 1

21
Loading
Ignoring the self weight of the column
Sixth floor to roof
Load from beam rib =0.2*0.3*24*8.5= 10.2 kN
Load from slab =18*13.37 = 241 kN
Load from the wall on top of the beam =0.2*20*3*8.5*1.4=143 kN
Seventh floor to eighth
Load from beam rib =0.2*0.3*24*8.5= 10.2 kN
Load from slab =18*13.37 = 241 kN
Load from the wall on top of the beam =0.2*20*3*8.5*1.4=143 kN
Weight from the upper floor =394kN
Weight acting on the column =788kN

Sixth floor to Seventh

Load from beam rib =0.2*0.3*24*8.5= 10.2 kN
Load from slab =18*13.37 = 241 kN
Load from the wall on top of the beam =0.2*20*3*8.5*1.4=143 kN
Weight from the upper floor =788kN
Weight acting on the column =1182kN
Fifth floor to Sixth floor
Load from beam rib =0.2*0.3*24*8.5= 10.2 kN
Load from slab =18*13.37 = 241 kN
Load from the wall on top of the beam =0.2*20*3*8.5*1.4=143 kN
Weight from the upper floor =1182kN
Weight acting on the column =1576kN
fourth floor to Fifth
Load from beam rib =0.2*0.3*24*8.5= 10.2 kN
Load from slab =18*13.37 = 241 kN
Load from the wall on top of the beam =0.2*20*3*8.5*1.4=143 kN
Weight from the upper floor =1576kN
Weight acting on the column =1970kN

Third floor to fourth floor

22
Load from beam rib =0.2*0.3*24*8.5= 10.2 kN
Load from slab =18*13.37 = 241 kN
Load from the wall on top of the beam =0.2*20*3*8.5*1.4=143 kN
Weight from the upper floor =1970kN
Weight acting on the column =2364kN

Second floor to Third floor

Load from beam rib =0.2*0.3*24*8.5= 10.2 kN
Load from slab =18*13.37 = 241 kN
Load from the wall on top of the beam =0.2*20*3*8.5*1.4=143 kN
Weight from the upper floor =2364kN
Weight acting on the column =2758kN

First floor to Second

Load from beam rib =0.2*0.3*24*8.5= 10.2 kN
Load from slab =18*13.37 = 241 kN
Load from the wall on top of the beam =0.2*20*3*8.5*1.4=143 kN
Weight from the upper floor =2758kN
Weight acting on the column =3152kN
Ground floor to First
Load from beam rib =0.2*0.3*24*8.5= 10.2 kN
Load from slab =18*13.37 = 241 kN
Load from the wall on top of the beam =0.2*20*3*8.5*1.4=143 kN
Weight from the upper floor =3152kN
Weight acting on the column =3546kN

23
 Output

Reference Wind loading

The structure is located on an average slope of the ground which does not
exceed 0.05 within a kilometer radius of the site hence the terrain is taken
as level ground and the topographical factor s1=1
The ground roughness is taken is in category 3 while the structure falls
under class B.

H=24m B=16.6m L=20.7m Vb=28m/s

S2=0.97
CP3 table
3 Vs=S1S2S3Vb =1*1*. S2*28 =29m/s
Wk=0.613 Vs2 =0.613*29^2 =520N/m2
Force at a particular height= (CPe-CPi) WkA
For h/w=1.6 and l/w=1.2
Wall face CPe

24
 A +0.8
B -0.25
C -0.8
D -0.8

CPi=-0.3 (Four walls equally permeable)

Height (m) S2 Wk (CPe-CPi)

(N/m2)

24 0.93 479 1.1

21 0.91 469 1.1

18 0.87 449 1.1

15 0.83 428 1.1

12 0.78 402 1.1

9 0.72 371 1.1

6 0.67 345 1.1

3 0.60 309 1.1

The force on the wall at each level is calculated as follows

F=(CPe-CPi) WkA

Height (m) Area on width Area on length Force 1 Force2

of the structure of the structure

(1) ( 2)

24 50 62 13.2 16.1

21 50 62 25.9 33

18 50 62 24.8 30.6

15 50 62 23.5 29

12 50 62 22.1 27.3

25
 9 50 62 20.5 25.2

6 50 62 19 23.4

3 50 62 17.1 21

Earthquake analysis
The building is located in Nairobi which s zone 7 and on hard ground.

Estimated weight of the building at a floor level

Slab weight
=(8.75*16.6*2+1.5*5*2+3.7*1.3*4+1.1*2.6*4)*0.15*24=1210 kN
Weight of the walls
=120*20*3*0.2 =1440 kN
Beams weight
=(16.6*6+8.7*10+4.7*3+1.9*2+3.9*4+4*4+6.2*2)*24*0.2*0.3=228 kN
Columns weght
=5*4*0.2*0.4*3*24+5*2*0.2*0.2*3*24 =144 kN
Shear wall weight
=3*0.2*3*24*2 =86.4 kN
Staircase weight
26
=2.9*1*0.24*24*2+4.7*1*0.24*24=61 kN

Total typcal floor loading=3170 kN

Estimated weight of the building at the top floor level

Weight of the walls
=120*20*3*0.2 =1440 kN
Beams weight
=(16.6*6+8.7*10+4.7*3+1.9*2+3.9*4+4*4+6.2*2)*24*0.2*0.3=228 kN
Columns weight
=5*4*0.2*0.4*3*24+5*2*0.2*0.2*3*24 =144 kN
Shear wall weight
=3*0.2*3*24*2 =86.4 kN
Roof weight
1.25*20*25 =625 kN
Staircase weight
=2.9*1*0.24*24*2+4.7*1*0.24*24=61 kN
Total top floor loading=2584 kN

Earthquake loading on the building

Floor level Height (h) Weight (w) W*h 1.0Ek

1 3 9513 17.2
2 6 3170 19026 34.3
3 9 3170 28530 51.5
4 12 3170 38040 68.6
5 15 3170 47550 85.8
6 18 3170 57060 103
7 21 3170 66570 120.1
8 24 2584 62016 112
∑24774 ∑328296 ∑592.4

E-W h =24m D=16.6m

N-S h =24m D=20.7m

T E-W =0.09H/D^0.5 ≥ 0.8 sec =0.53sec

T N-S =0.09H/D^0.5 ≥ 0.8 sec =0.47sec

Take T =0.8sec

27
 C basic=0.024sec
F=∑w * C basic =24774*0.024=595 kN

Froof =0.004*F*(h/d)2=2.6 kN

F- Froof=718-3=592.4 kN

1.0Ek=w*h/(∑w*h)* (F- Froof)

From the above analysis the earthquake loading is the critical loading
comparing to wind loading and hence the design loading on shear walls
will be based on the earthquake loading.

28
 W1i
(kN) 15.84263 15.84263 399.2176 399.2176

∑W1i+Wi
(KN) 55.81426 55.81426 655.4459 655.4459

29