Reference Calculation Output

1.0TASK GIVEN:
Design a small rectangular water tank of 6m x 4m with depth of storage 3m, resting
on the ground closed at the top and whose walls are rigidly joined at vertical and
horizontal edges .Assume concrete grade (C30) , steel grade fy 460 and the thickness
of walls are 225mm , stop slab thickness as 225mm and that of base as
400mm.Concrete cover 50mm.

TASK: Design the rectangular water tank and sketch the details of the
reinforcements in the tank and bending schedule

1.2 DATA ANALYSIS

DESIGN PARAMETERS

o Shorter span, Lx =4000mm

o Longer span, Ly= 6000mm
o Height of water column, h=3000mm
o Free body height, F=200mm
o Cover, C = 40mm
o Concrete Strength,fcu=30N/mm2
o Steel strength, fy=460N/mm2
o Density of concrete, ɤc=24kN/m3
o Density of water,γw =9.81kN/m3
o Wall thickness, t =225mm
o ɤf =1.6

1.3 DESIGN ELEMENTS

a. Top slab
b. Vertical walls
c. Bottom slab

1.3.1 DESIGN OF TOP SLAB

(i) Design parameters

o Assumed slab thickness =225mm

o Density of concrete, ɤc=24kN/m3

(ii) Loading

Self weight of slab = 0.225 *24 *1=5.4kN/m2

Finishing =0.025 *19 =0.5KN/ m2
Plaster = 0.22kN/ m2
Total dead load (gk) =6.12kN/ m2
Imposed load for accessible top slab (qk)=1.5kN/ m2
 (iii) Design load for top slab

n=1.4gk+1.6qk
n =1.4 * 6.12 +1.6*1.5
n = 10.968 kN/ m2
n=
10.968 kN/ m2

Figure 1.
ly
β=f( )
lx
ly=6000
lx =4000
ly 6000
=
lx 4000
=1.5<2 two way slab

Table (iv) Moments on Top slab

3.13
Msx = αsx nlx 2 ……………………………….(Equation 10)
BS 8110-
Msy = αsy nlx 2 ……………………………(Equation 11)
1;1997

Table 3.13 — Bending moment coefficients for slabs spanning in two directions at
right angles, simply-supported on four sides
αsx αsy
Bending moment 0.104 0.046
coefficient

 Short span moments

+ve Msx = 10.968 ∗ 0.104 ∗ 42 =18.25kNm/m

 Long span moments

+ve Msy = 10.968 ∗ 0.046 ∗ 62 = 18.16kNm/m

(v) Reinforcement provision for short span

ø
d = h - cover - 2 - ø
10
d = 225 – 40 - -10=170mm
2

M 18.25∗1,000,000
K=bd2 fcu = 1,000∗1702 ∗30
= 0.021

K
z=d(0.5 + √(0.25 − 0.9)
0.019
=d(0.5 + √(0.25 − )
0.9
 z= 0.98d,

z=it not greater than 0.95d (BS8110-1,1997 Clause 3.4.4.4 )

take z=0.95d
z= 0.95 x170mm =161.5mm

BS8110- M 18.25∗106
As= = =282.4mm2
0.87zfy 0.87∗161.5∗460
1,1997
Clause
Check for minimum reinforcement (Asmin) as per BS8110-1;1997
3.4.4.4
Table 3.25 Provide Y10-
0.13bd 0.13∗1000∗170
Asmin = = =221mm2 , hence provide for maximum 275mm 𝑐⁄𝑐
100 100
reinforcements (As=285mm2)

Provide Y10-275mm c⁄c (As=285mm2)

(vi) Reinforcement provision for long span

ø
d = h - cover - 2

10
d = 225 – 40 - 2
=180mm

M 18.16∗1,000,000
K=bd2 fcu =1,000∗1802 ∗30
= 0.0187

K
z=d(0.5 + √(0.25 − 0.9)

0.0187
=d(0.5 + √(0.25 − 0.9
)
z= 0.98d,

z=it not greater than 0.95d (BS8110-1,1997 Clause 3.4.4.4 )

take z=0.95d
z= 0.95 x180mm =171mm

M 18.16∗106
As=0.87zfy =0.87∗171∗460 =265.4mm2

Check for minimum reinforcement (Asmin) as per BS8110-1;1997

Table 3.25
0.13bd 0.13∗1000∗180
Asmin = 100
= 100
=234mm2 , hence provide maximum reinforcements
Y10-275mm
Provide Y10-275mm c⁄c (As=285mm2) 𝑐 ⁄𝑐
BS8110- (As=285mm2)
1,1997 Provide Y10 -275mm c⁄c reinforcements for bottom and top.
Table Hence provide the reinforcement in the form of mesh.
3.25
1.3.3 Check shear

100∗As 100∗285
p= = =0.158
bd 1000∗180

From BS 8110-1;1997 Table 3.8

Vc =0.43 N/mm2 ,for fcu =30N/mm2 and above

Shear force on Top slab (BS 8110-1;1997)

Vsx = αsx nlx ……………………………….(Equation 19)
Vsy = αsy nlx …………………………… (Equation 20)

From Table 3.15

αsx = 0.45
αsy = 0.33

Vsx = 0.45 ∗ 10.968 =4.94kN

Vsy = 0.33 ∗ 10.968 =3.62kN

V 4.94∗1000
v= = = 0.027N/mm2
bd 1000∗180

v <vc =0.027N/mm2 < 0.43N/mm2 ; satisfactory (BS 8110-1;1997 Table3.16)

v<0.5vc ; 0.027N/mm2 <0.215N/mm2 , OK, No provision of reinforcement

1.3.4 Crack width calculations

Moment at the base =18.16kNm

Assume As`=0
Es
Let m = =10
Ec

As (prov) =285mm2
 1
mAs 2bd 2
x = ∗ {(1 + ) − 1}
b mAs
1
10 ∗ 285 2 ∗ 1000 ∗ 180 2
x = ∗ {(1 + ) − 1}
1000 10 ∗ 285

x=29.31mm

x 29.31
z =d- =180 - = 170.2mm
3 3

M 18.16∗106
fs(Reinforcement stress due to vertical)= Z∗As
=170.2∗285 =374.4N/mm2 due to
flexure

fs∗As 374.4∗285
fc(concrete stress)=0.5∗b∗x =0.5∗1000∗29.31= 7.3N/mm2

fs 374.4
ɛs =Es =200,000 =1.87 ∗ 10−03

h−x 225−29.31
ɛh =(d−x)ɛs = (180−29.31) ∗ 1.87 ∗ 10−03

ɛh =2.43 ∗ 10−03 strain of soffit of concrete

b(h−x)2 1
ɛhm= ɛh -( )
3Es∗As∗(d−x)

1
1000∗(225−29.31)2
ɛhm = 2.43 ∗ 10−03 - (3∗200,000∗285∗(180−29.31))

ɛhm =9.44 ∗ 10−04

Average strain for calculation for crack width

ac1 =√137.52 + 452 -5 =139.68mm

acr =139.68mm
 3∗acr∗ɛm
wcr =1+2(acr−Cmin/(h−x))

3∗139.68∗9.44∗10−04
= 139.66−40
1+2( )
225−29.31

=0.196mm <0.2mm ; (provisional it’s ok)

1.3.2 DESIGN OF VERTICAL WALLS

(i) Design parameters

o Shorter span, Lx =4000mm
o Longer span, Ly= 6000mm
o Height of water column, h=3000mm
o Free body height, f=200mm
o Cover, C = 40mm
o Concrete Strength,fcu=30N/mm2
o Steel strength, fy=460N/mm2
o Density of concrete, ɤc=24kN/m3
o Density of water,γw =9.81kN/m3
o Wall thickness, t =225mm
o ɤf =1.6
o Assume the main bar diameter =20mm

Given length of 6m and breadth of 4m

L 6
B
= 4
= 1.5 < 2 ,The wall of tanks are to be designed as continuous slab

Effective height of the wall is 3.2m including free board height of 0.2m)

H 3.2
4
= = 4 = 0.8m <1m
Bottom 1 m. of tank will be designed as cantilever. Pressure at depth of 2.2 m.

p = γf γw H = 1.6 *9.81 *2.2 = 34.5312kN/m2

Provide Y20-
100mm 𝑐⁄𝑐
(As=3141mm2)
Moments in the walls are found by moment distribution. As the frame is
symmetrical about both axes moment distribution is done for one quarter (one
joint) of tank only.

Fixed end moments

wl2 wl2
MAD = 12 and MAB =− 12

wl2 34.5312∗42
MAD = 12 = 12
=46.04kNm

wl2 −34.5312∗62
MAB = 12 = 12
=-103.59kNm

Joint A
Member AD AB
Distribution factors 0.6 0.4
Y20-125mm
Fixed end moments(kNm) 46.04 -103.59 𝑐⁄
Balancing moments (kNm) 34.53 23.02 𝑐
(As=2513mm2
Carry moments (kNm) 0 0
per metre )
Final end moments(kNm) 80.57 -80.57

B.M. at center of long span

wl2
= 8
- Final end Moment
 34.5312∗62
= 8
- 80.57 =74.82kNm

B.M. at center of short span

wl2
= 8
- Final end Moment
Provide Y20 -
34.5312∗42 125mm 𝑐⁄𝑐
= 8
- 80.57 = - 11.51kNm

(ii) Design for reinforced of wall

ø
d = h - cover - 2

20
d = 225 – 40 - 2
= 175mm

M 80.57∗1,000,000
K=bd2 fcu =1,000∗1752 ∗30
= 0.088

K
z=d(0.5 + √(0.25 − 0.9)

0.088
=d(0.5 + √(0.25 − 0.9
)
z= 0.89d,

z= 0.89 x175mm =155.75mm

ℎ 225
x= d- = 175- =62.5mm
2 2
 (a) Steel at the edge of span

Design of section for tension. It is assumed that entire tension is taken by steel. Let T
be tension. Net B.M. = M –T *X. Steel reinforcement is provided for B.M. of M –T * X
and direct tension T

𝛾𝑓 𝛾𝑤 (𝐻−ℎ ′ )∗𝐿 1.6∗9.81∗(3.2−1.0)∗6

Direct Tension in the short wall (TB) = 2
= 2
=103.594kN/m

Net moment = M – T * X

Net moment = 80.57 - 103.594*0.0625= 74.1kNm

Area of steel due to bending

𝑀 74.1∗106
Ast1=0.87𝑓𝑦∗𝑧 =155.75∗0.87∗460 =1188.81mm2

Area for Tension reinforcement

𝑇 103.594∗1000
Ast2 = = = 258.85mm2
0.87fy 0.87∗460

Total Area= Ast1 + Ast2 =1188.81mm2+258.85mm2 =1447.66mm2

Provide Y20-125mm c⁄c (As=2513mm2)

(b) Steel at the center of span

Net moment = M – T * X

Net moment = 74.82 - 103.594*0.0625= 68.345kNm

Area of steel due to bending

𝑀 68.345∗106
Ast1=𝑧σ =155.75∗0.87∗460 =1096.48mm2
st

Area for Tension reinforcement

𝑇 103.594∗1000
Ast2 = = = 258.86mm2
0.87fy 0.87∗460

Total Area= Ast1 + Ast2 =1096.48mm2+258.86mm2 =1355.34mm2

Provide Y20-225mm 𝑐⁄𝑐 (As=1396mm2)

Provide Y20 -125mm 𝑐⁄𝑐 reinforcements for edge and mid span
Hence provide the reinforcement in the form of mesh.

( c ) Cantilever Moment

𝒘𝑯𝒉𝟐
Bending moment at Cantilever = 𝟔

γf 𝒘𝑯𝒉𝟐 𝟏.𝟔∗ 𝟗.𝟖𝟏∗𝟑.𝟐∗𝟏𝟐

= = = 8.368kNm
𝟔 𝟔

𝑀 8.368∗106
Ast1= = =132.8mm2
0.87𝑓𝑦∗𝑧 157.5∗0.87∗460

Provide Y8-300mm c/c (Ast=167mm2)

Since the reinforcement at distance of 1m from the base , it’s very small compared
to the reinforcement at the edge and mid span, hence provide
Provide Y20 -125mm 𝑐⁄𝑐 reinforcement in the form of mesh.

1.3.4 Check shear

𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝑨𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟔
p= 𝒃𝒅
=𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟕𝟓 =0.8

From BS 8110-1;1997 Table 3.8

, Vc =0.77 N/mm2 ,for fcu =30N/mm2 and above

V= 50.23kN/m (shear force acting on the base of wall due to water pressure)

𝑽 𝟓𝟎.𝟐𝟑∗𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
v=𝒃𝒅= 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟕𝟓 = 0.29N/mm2
v<0.5vc ; 0.29N/mm2 <0.385N/mm2 , OK, No provision of reinforcement

Short wall usually need only to be designed for the maximum design moment about
the one critical axis. Where, due to the nature of the structure, a wall cannot be
subjected to significant moments, it may be designed so that the design ultimate
axial load does not exceed the value of N given by:

N = 0.35fcuAc + 0.67Ascfy
Where
Asc=area of vertical reinforcement
N=axial load on the wall from the top slab
Ac=area of concrete
N=4.94 kN/m=
Ac= 1000mm*225mm=225000mm2

𝑁−0.35𝑓𝑐𝑢∗𝐴𝑐 4.94∗103 −0.35∗30∗225000

Asc = = = (-) 7,649.4mm2 ,
0.67𝑓𝑦 0.67∗460

The negative sign implies that, the area of vertical reinforcement due to axial load
its negligible compared to the area of concrete under compression. Hence the Area
of concrete in Compression will be sufficient to resist the axial lead from the top
slab.

1.3.4 Crack width calculations

Moment at the mid span =68.345kNm

Assume As`=0
𝑬𝒔
Let m = 𝑬𝒄 =10

As (prov) =1570mm2
 1
𝑚𝐴𝑠 2𝑏𝑑 2
𝑥 = ∗ {(1 + ) − 1}
𝑏 𝑚𝐴𝑠
1
10 ∗ 2513 2 ∗ 1000 ∗ 175 2
𝑥 = ∗ {(1 + ) − 1}
1000 10 ∗ 2513

x=72mm

𝑥 72
z =d-3 =175 - 3
= 151mm

𝑀 68.345∗106
fs(Reinforcement stress due to vertical)= 𝑍∗𝐴𝑠 = 151∗2513 =180.1N/mm2 due to
flexure
𝑓𝑠∗𝐴𝑠 180.1∗2513
fc(concrete stress)=0.5∗𝑏∗𝑥 =0.5∗1000∗72= 12.6N/mm2

𝑓𝑠 180.15
ɛs =𝐸𝑠 =200,000 = 9 ∗ 10−04

ℎ−𝑥 225−72
ɛh =(𝑑−𝑥)ɛs = (175−72) ∗ 9.0 ∗ 10−04

ɛh =1.3 ∗ 10−03 strain of soffit of concrete

𝑏(ℎ−𝑥)2 1
ɛ= ɛh -( )
3𝐸𝑠∗𝐴𝑠∗(𝑑−𝑥)

1
1000∗(225−72)2
ɛ = 1.3 ∗ 10−03 - (3∗200,000∗2513∗(175−72))

ɛhm =1.1 ∗ 10−03

Average strain for calculation for crack width
ɛm = 0.0011

ac1 =√62.52 + 502 -10 =70mm

BS 8110-
1;1997 acr =70mm
Clause
3∗acr∗ɛm
3.4.5.12. wcr =1+2(acr−Cmin/(h−x))

3∗70∗1.1∗10−03
= 70−40
1+2(225−72)

=0.16mm <0.2mm ; ok wcr= 0.16mm

1.3.3 DESIGN OF BOTTOM SLAB

(i) Design parameters

o Assumed slab thickness =400mm

o Density of concrete, ɤc=24kN/m3

(ii) Loading

Self weight of slab = 0.4 *24 *1=9.6kN/m2

Finishing =0.025 *19 =0.5KN/ m2
Plaster = 0.22kN/ m2
Total dead load (gk) =10.32kN/ m2
Imposed load due to water pressure=9.81*3.2= (qk)=31.4kN/ m2
Loading from the top slab load distribution= qz= 0.313𝑞𝑙𝑥 ; q=10.968kN/m2

Total loading distributed at the short span from the top slab and wall

qz= 0.313𝑞𝑙𝑦 +self weight of wall

=0.313 *10.968 *6 +0.225*24*3.2*1.4=44.79kN/m

(iii) Design load for base slab

n=1.4gk+1.6qk
n =1.4 * 10.32 +1.6*31.4
n = 64.69 kN/ m2

𝑙𝑦
β=f(𝑙𝑥 )
ly=6000
lx =4000
𝑙𝑦 6000
=
𝑙𝑥 4000
=1.5<2 two way slab

(iv) Moments on Top slab

𝑀𝑠𝑥 = 𝑛𝛽𝑠𝑥𝑙𝑥 2
𝑀𝑠𝑦 = 𝑛𝛽𝑠𝑦𝑙𝑥 2
From Table 3.14 BS 8110-1;1997

βsx βsy
Negative (at 0.053 0.032
edge)
Positive 0.040 0.024
(Mid span)

 Short span moments

−𝑣𝑒 𝑀𝑠𝑥 = 64.96 ∗ 0.053 ∗ 42 =-55.1kNm/m

+𝑣𝑒 𝑀𝑠𝑥 = 64.69 ∗ 0.040 ∗ 42 =24.94kNm/m

 Long span moments

−𝑣𝑒 𝑀𝑠𝑦 = 64.96 ∗ 0.032 ∗ 62 =-74.83kNm/m
+𝑣𝑒 𝑀𝑠𝑦 = 64.96 ∗ 0.024 ∗ 62 = 56.13kNm/m

(v) Reinforcement provision for edge span

ø
d = h - cover - 2

12
d = 400 – 40 - 2
= 354mm

M 74.83∗1,000,000
K= = = 0.02
bd2 fcu 1,000∗354 2 ∗30

K
z=d(0.5 + √(0.25 − 0.9)
0.02
=d(0.5 + √(0.25 − )
0.9
z= 0.98d,

z=it not greater than 0.95d (BS8110-1,1997 Clause 3.4.4.4 )

take z=0.95d
z= 0.95 x354mm =336.3mm

𝑀 74.83∗106
As=0.87𝑧𝑓𝑦 =0.87∗336.3∗460 =556mm2

Check for minimum reinforcement (Asmin) as per BS8110-1;1997

Table 3.25
0.13𝑏𝑑 0.13∗1000∗354
Asmin = 100 = 100
=460.2mm2
Y12-200mm
Provide Y12-200mm 𝑐⁄𝑐 (As=565mm2) 𝑐 ⁄𝑐
(As=565mm2)
(vi) Reinforcement provision for mid span

ø
d = h - cover - 2

12
d = 400 – 40 - =354mm
2
 M 56.13∗1,000,000
K= = = 0.015
bd2 fcu 1,000∗354 2 ∗30

K
z=d(0.5 + √(0.25 − )
0.9

0.015
=d(0.5 + √(0.25 − 0.9
)
z= 0.98d,

z=it not greater than 0.95d (BS8110-1,1997 Clause 3.4.4.4 )

take z=0.95d
z= 0.95 x354mm =336.3mm

𝑀 56.13∗106
As=0.87𝑧𝑓𝑦 =0.87∗336.3∗460 =417.10mm2

Check for minimum reinforcement (Asmin) as per BS8110-1;1997

Table 3.25
0.13𝑏𝑑 0.13∗1000∗354
Asmin = 100 = 100
=460.2mm2 , hence provide minimum
reinforcements

Provide Y12-200mm 𝑐⁄𝑐 (As=565mm2)

Y12-200mm
Provide Y12 -200mm 𝑐⁄𝑐 reinforcements for bottom and top. 𝑐 ⁄𝑐
Hence provide the reinforcement in the form of mesh. (As=565mm2)

1.3.4 Check shear

100∗As 100∗565
p= bd
=1000∗354 =0.16

From BS 8110-1;1997 Table 3.8

, Vc =0.38 N/mm2 ,for fcu =30N/mm2 and above

V 44.79∗1000
v=bd= 1000∗354
= 0.13N/mm2

v < vc =0.13N/mm2 < 0.38N/mm2 ; not sastisfactory

Shear reinforcement is requred , Horizontal Links should be provided. In order to

cater for shear horizontal reinforcements of magnitude.

From BS 8110-1;1997 Table 3.7

0.5vc < v < (vc + 0.4) =0.19N/mm2 < 0.13N/mm2 < 0.78N/mm2 satisfactory for
this condition , hence it require minimum reinforcemnts Links for diagonal bars
Assume the spacing for Links Sv=300mm c⁄c
 0.4∗bv∗sv 0.4∗1000∗300
Agv = 0.87 fyv
= 0.87∗460
= 300mm2

Provide Y10-300mm c⁄c (As=300mm2 per metre )

1.3.4 Crack width calculations

Moment at the base =56.13kNm

Assume As`=0
Es
Let m = Ec =10

As (prov) =565mm2

1
mAs 2bd 2
x = ∗ {(1 + ) − 1}
b mAs
1
10 ∗ 565 2 ∗ 1000 ∗ 354 2
x = ∗ {(1 + ) − 1}
1000 10 ∗ 565

x=57.85mm

x 57.85
z =d- =354 - = 334.72mm
3 3

M 56.13∗106
fs(Reinforcement stress due to vertical)= Z∗As
=334.72∗565 =296.8N/mm2 due to
flexure

fs∗As 296.8∗565
fc(concrete stress)=0.5∗b∗x =0.5∗1000∗57.85= 5.8N/mm2

fs 296.8
ɛs =Es =200,000 =1.48 ∗ 10−03
 h−x 400−57.85
ɛh =(d−x)ɛs = (354−57.85) ∗ 1.48 ∗ 10−03

ɛh =1.71 ∗ 10−03 strain of soffit of concrete

b(h−x)2 1
ɛhm= ɛh -(3Es∗As∗(d−x))

1
1000∗(400−57.85)2
ɛhm = 1.71 ∗ 10−03 - ( )
3∗200,000∗565∗(354−57.85)

ɛhm =5.4 ∗ 10−04

Average strain for calculation for crack width
ɛm=0.00054

ac1 =√1002 + 462 -6 =104.07mm

acr =104.07mm

3∗acr∗ɛm
wcr =1+2(acr−Cmin/(h−x))

3∗104.07∗5.4∗10−04
= 104.07−40
1+2( )
400−57.85

=0.12mm <<0.2mm ; ok wcr=0.12mm