Retrieving Data Using Select
Retrieving Data Using Select
Retrieving Data Using Select
ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION:
OPERATOR PRECEDENCE- () * / + -
COLUMN ALIAS:
CONCATENATION OPERATOR:
Describe command:
COMPARISON OPERATORS
=, >, >=, <, <=, <>, BETWEEN AND, IN, LIKE, IS NULL
% - many character
ESCAPE identifier:
For searching exact match SA_, we have search using escape identifier
Select * from employees where job_id like ‘%SA\_%’ ESCAPE ‘\’;(interprets _ literally)
IS NULL
LOGICAL OPERATORS:
PRECEDENCE RULES:
Arithmetic operators
Concatenation
Comparison
IS NULL, LIKE, IN
BETWEEN
NOT equal to
NOT logical
AND logical
OR logical
Precedence overridden by ()
Rows are sorted by using ORDER BY {column, expression, numeric position} [ASC | DESC]
To display null rows first or last can be used NULLS FIRST, NULLS LAST
From employees
UNDEFINE employee_num
SET VERIFY ON – toggles the display of the substitution variable before and after the sql developer replaces the substation
variable.
3. SQL FUNCTIONS
Perform calculations on data
Modify individual data items
Manipulate output for a group of rows
Format dates and numbers for display
Convert columns data types
Function types:
Single row functions
Multi row functions
CHARACTER FUNCTION:
LOWER
UPPER
INITCAP
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