The 3rd UPI International Conference on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)

Teaching of Professional Trainers at Vocational

Colleges in Malaysia
Abdul Sukor Nordina,1, Razali Hassana, Azman Hasana
a
Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA
1
sukor@iptho.edu.my

Abstract - Professional in teaching development is a main 2. Objective and Methodology

thrust in human development. It is vital to the teaching
development of individuals, communities and nations. The purpose The objective of this paper is to discuss the models in
of this paper is to introduce Teaching of Professional Trainers at teaching. By improving the quality of teaching, professional
Vocational Colleges in Malaysia. The teaching professional will trainers can be produced effectively. The methodology used
include critical components such as lesson planning and teaching to accumulate the issues in this paper was through analysis
which involve the teaching objectives, the nature of students, the and thorough reading from reports, papers, journals and
viability of instructional objectives, teaching materials, lesson articles by previous authors and researchers.
plans, the nature of teachers, learning outcomes and assessment.
All these variables should be examined to produce a quality
teaching of Professional Trainers at Vocational Colleges. This
3. Literature Review
paper will discuss the models in teaching and the teaching criteria If we look through teaching professionalism by Mutha
that should be complied as professional trainer. et al. in Murshid [6], teachers are better and more
Index Terms - teaching, professional development, technical professional in the teaching and learning process of each
trainers, vocational college. teaching session. Basically, there are many tasks that must
be carried out by a teacher in connection with profession as a
teacher. Mutha et al. in Murshid [6] present three main
1. Introduction
kinds of tasks in teaching namely planning purposes, the
According to Simone [1] standard of teaching is a materials and processes of effective teaching. According to
standard to measure the level of professionalism of the Sabrina [7], a teacher should master the teaching material
instructors in the Vocational College. Professional sand the ways of teaching as a basis for teaching and
development as explained by Kate and Rob [2] is the assessment competency.
development of trainers who can develop acknowledged According Wragg [8], teaching is an activity associated
teaching and learning. In the other hand, AbdulRahim [3] with the spread of knowledge and specific skills. It covers
mentioned that the professional development of teachers is planning activity, management, delivery, guidance and
depending on teaching. Instructors in Vocational College assessment. It aims to disseminate knowledge ands kills to
defined as novice teachers and teachers who are currently students effectively. According to Sabrina [7], the
servicing in the college. Vocational College was fully development of education brings a lot of changes in teaching
implemented in 2013 to replace the syllabus of Vocational activity. The style of teaching has under gone many changes
Subjects in 2008 under the vocational education and growing better. Teaching in the context may be
transformation plan implemented in 2011 by the Ministry of interpreted as aprocess, communication, science and art.
Education. Technical and Vocational Education Training
Teaching
(TVET) is an educational programs that implements the
elements of technical and vocational education through
'handson' and providing jobs in the blue collar sector.
There are many teaching models in recent researches
but Sim Model [4] is identified as important contribution as Practice Teaching Guidance /
Indoctrination
it emphasizes on teaching preparation, teaching knowledge,
preparing lesson plans, preparation of teaching delivery and
assessment approach to teaching objectives. Further more, Change in
Taba’s Teaching Model [5], Gerlach and Ely’s Model of Attitude Brings Changes and
Teaching (1961), Pierce and Lorber’s Models of Teaching New Belief
(1977) are other models that can be considered in teaching
standard. Teaching is the key constructs in a professional
teaching standards that required by the trainers in Vocational Fig. 1 Teaching Concept
College.

© 2015. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 7

 According to Razali (1997), the purpose of teaching is interesting so that learning will become more meaningful,
to change student behavior through the acquisition of memorable and fun.
knowledge. In the process of teaching and training activities,
conditioning is an effort to change the behavior of the Models of Teaching
students, and guidance technic in doctrination can spread According to the Teaching Model Sim [4], effective
new knowledge and beliefs to students. To achievethe teaching should have the objective that set by the instructor
purpose of teaching according to Sim [4], the teaching son students according to their ability. Lesson contents hould
process should be carried out systematically with appropriate be selected based on the learning outcomes to be achieved.
steps such aspreparation of planning, implementation and Teaching must have appropriate strategies for teaching to be
evaluation of instructional delivery. more effective. A good relationship between teachers and
students need to develop for effective teaching and learning
Planning Content Assessment environment. Teachers need to make an assessment of the
Delivery lessons to ensure that the objectives are achieved. The
learning environment is also important Sim [4] which
includes perfect classrooms and labs, for the effectiveness of
Feedback the teaching process.

Models of Teaching Robert Glaser [12], teaching process

Fig. 2 Teaching Process begins with the determination of appropriate teaching
objectives. Teaching objectives describe what is to be
According to Morris & Samuel [9], communication acquired by students. Students should have prior knowledge
process involves teaching and interaction between teachers in learning, so that the teachers can determine appropriate
and students. Teaching should only happen if the lecturer instructional objectives in implementing lesson plans.
can continue to communicate with the students in two ways. Appropriate teaching methods should be included in models
They can teach and the students could ask if they encounter of Teaching Robert Glaser [12],. Teaching method need to
learning problems. According to Ang [10], teaching is a be adapted to students' prior knowledge and learning
series of scientific activity. Model of the teaching process is outcomes to be achieved. Every teaching process should be
will determine student needs, define learning objectives, evaluated by the instructor based on the learning outcomes,
form learning activity, providing learning activities, learning existing knowledge and teaching methods. The results from
and assess the objective achieved by the students.This is this evaluation will provide feed back that allows the teacher
because an effective teaching only can happen with the use to detect their weaknesses and strengths of teaching
of principles and methods which have been reviewed and activities that have been implemented. This assessment
tested by the experts of educators. As for Taba [5], teaching allows teachers to enhance teaching methods to effective
plan emphasizes on the subject content, teaching strategies level.
and teaching steps. Morris & Samuel [9] states that all Teaching Model Le Francois [13] is made up of three
planning activity, management, delivery and assessment in stages : pre-teaching, teaching and after teaching. For before
the teaching process should be implemented systematically, teaching, instructors need to define the objectives. During
based on principles, theories and teaching technic that was the teaching, strategies of teaching should be defined and
suggested by experts and educators. According to Sabrina after teaching is to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching
[7], teaching contains characteristics of art which involves strategies. The quality of teaching according to Yong &
emotions, values and behavior of students.Teaching-learning Karen [14] is to meet the teaching management, teaching
theory is only useful if the theory could be applied to the strategies and evaluation of teaching. The quality of teaching
students as a whole. This is because every individual has the also involves the preparation of teaching and learning in
potential of intellectual, emotional, spiritual and physical. To instructional planning, teaching knowledge, teaching
teach the diversity in students according to Morris & Samuel delivery and evaluation teaching. Professional standards of
[9], teachers must have a teaching talent, may customize teachers in Vocational College must meet the following
models and theories of teaching and learning according to matters, namely : (1) objectives of teaching; (2) the nature of
student’s ability. Lesson objective may be achieved through students; (3) the viability of instructional objectives ; (4)
the lecturer thatuse his talent for teaching design and instructional materials; (5) preparation of lesson plans; (6)
delivery of teaching. the nature of teaching; and (7) learning outcomes and
KPTM’ steaching concept [11], teaching is a process of assessment.
learning facilitation to help students develop their problem- According to Sim [4]: (1) teaching objective covers long -
solving skills and critical thinking. Sabrina [7] stated that term objectives and short-term objectives which include
teaching orientation focused on knowledge transmission. It three areas of objectives which are cognitive objective, the
is divided into three concepts namely :1) Learning is caused field of affective objectives and objectives of students’
by the distinction between students; 2) learning is caused by psychomotor ; (2) The nature of the students should have
teaching ; and 3) Learning is caused by the activity existing experience in learning, the nature of the students,
experienced by the students from their own efforts and the identify students in terms of their ability, achievement,
overall learning context. According to Huat (1999), the interests and learning styles; (3) The viability of teaching is
teaching approach must foster and consolidate students' required to the students' level of ability; (4) teaching
interest in the lesson. Chosen teaching approachought to be materials in which the instructor should consider the
educational and teaching aids tool that can help teachers in

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effective teaching ; (5) Preparation of lesson plans need effective teaching; (4) There is a need for good relationship
to induction set and lesson content. The purpose of the between teachers and students in order to create an
induction set is to attract students to focus on the subject atmosphere of effective teaching; and (5) The school
matter to be served. While the systematic learning content environment, classroom and workshop facilities should
can ensure that it will be taught easily and effectively ; (6) fulfill there quirements of creating an advanced teaching
The nature of teacher is in terms of teaching experience, process. Here it is proposed that a professional trainer should
teaching methods and teaching strategies are implemented; have the following characteristics: (1) talent in teaching ; (2)
and (7) the learning assessment outcomes is from teaching perform tasks in an efficient and effective teaching; (3)
the students. Through assessment activities, teachers can requires effective teaching method; (4) involves the study of
interpret the level of learning outcomes achieved. effective teaching; and (5) can run teaching process
optimally.
Professional Teaching Standard in
Vocational College
5. Conclusion
This concept paper is believed to provide useful
information to the Ministry of Education especially in
Teaching Objective Technical and Vocational Education Division to evaluate
Students’ Attitude professional teaching standards at the Vocational Colleges in
Teaching Objective’s Effectiveness Malaysia. These findings will determine whether the course
Teaching materials Teaching
Lesson plan preparation Theory objectives can be achieved bythe Vocational College
Teacher’s Attitude according to Transformation Plan. This concept paper also
Learning output and assessment helps BPTV to improve the weaknesses and identify the
strength of each dimension in all aspects such as teaching
preparation in Vocational College, preparation method of
Student’s Achievement
delivery, teaching and the assessment. This is useful
information to MOE in arranging the strategies for
instructors in Vocational College during the implementation
Fig. 3 Concept of Professional Teaching in VC (Adapted
of teaching and learningprograms in the future. Information
from Sim [4])
from this paper will assist the MOE to review and re-
organize the aspects in teaching such as teacher training,
Professionalism Teaching Standard at Vocational
curriculum and for the evaluation of teaching performance.
College will result in the achievement of the students in
Quality teaching is so important in the development of a
Vocational College as anticipated. Teaching theory used is
professional instructor. Trainers, departments and
from Sim [4]. Sim’s Teaching Model involves interactions
institutions need provide the best practice and
between teachers and students, teachers and the objective of
implementation of professional trainer.
teaching, teachers with lesson content in the classroom and
labs. According to Joanna & Barry [15], school’s
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