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Kinematics IN One Direction

This document discusses kinematics concepts including vectors, scalar quantities, displacement, average speed, average velocity, acceleration, and their definitions and relationships in one dimension. Kinematics deals with describing motion using words, diagrams, numbers, graphs, and equations without considering causes of motion.

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Edgar Ubalde
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74 views12 pages

Kinematics IN One Direction

This document discusses kinematics concepts including vectors, scalar quantities, displacement, average speed, average velocity, acceleration, and their definitions and relationships in one dimension. Kinematics deals with describing motion using words, diagrams, numbers, graphs, and equations without considering causes of motion.

Uploaded by

Edgar Ubalde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KINEMATICS

IN
ONE DIRECTION
VECTORS REVIEW

1. Vector quantities include – weight, momentum, velocity,


acceleration, displacement
2. Scalar quantities include – speed, time, distance, mass,
temperature
3. In making graphical representation – a vector has tail ( starting
point), the body (length of which determines the magnitude of
measurement) and the head ( the arrow represents the direction).
4. Sum of vector quantities are the total of all vectors of the same
direction.
5. In navigation such as in ships and airplanes, the North bearing
refers to the North direction as zero (starting point)
6. Sum of vectors of different direction is the net difference
between the 2 vectors.
7. The resultant force in a right triangle obeys the Pythagorean
theorem, being the square root of the sum of the squares of two
sides given.
8. The horizontal coordinate of the right triangle given the
hypotenuse side is the product of that side and the cosine
function while the vertical coordinate of the vector is the product
of the hypotenuse and the sine function.
9. In right triangles, the cosine function is used to calculate the
magnitude and the sine function is used calculate to the direction
of motion.
10. In obtuse and isosceles triangles, the resultant force can be
derived from the equation, R = a² + b² – 2ab (cosØ)
11. Parallelogram method in solving for the resultant force and angles
includes mirroring of the sides of equal direction and magnitude applying
the cosine equation.
12. Resultant vectors can also be solved by its Cartesian coordinates in x
and y axis.
KINEMATICS

Kinematics is a branch of mechanics that deals with the


science of describing the motion of objects using words,
diagrams, numbers, graphs, and equations. With no regard for
the cause.
Mechanics - the study of the motion of objects

The study of the causes of motion is called dynamics.


DISTANCE
A scalar quantity that refers to "how much ground an object has
covered" during its motion. Distance is the actual distance that was
covered.

Distance (symbol d) does not have a direction, so it is a scalar.


DISPLACEMENT

The displacement of an object is defined as its change in position


written as

where we use the symbol Δ to mean change. It is the difference


between final and initial positions, no matter how you got there.
We can see that displacement can be positive (when xf is bigger than
xi) or negative (when xi is bigger than xf ). The sign gives us
information about the direction.
AVERAGE SPEED

Speed is determined by the length of the path traveled


by the object.
AVERAGE VELOCITY
The average velocity of an object is defined as the displacement of the
object divided by the total elapsed time:

Note that average velocity can be either positive or negative (average speed
is always positive) where, because we are in one dimension, the sign tells us
the direction of travel. Velocity is determined by the displacement (which is
independent of the path).
ACCELERATION
The change of an object's velocity is called acceleration.

Acceleration can be negative or positive with the sign telling us the


direction of the acceleration. Note that a negative velocity does not
necessarily mean that an object is slowing down. If velocity &
acceleration are in the same direction (both positive or both
negative), then the object is speeding up. If velocity & acceleration
are in opposite directions (one positive, one negative) then the
object is slowing down.
This equation tells us that the acceleration steadily changes the
initial velocity v₀ by an amount that depends on how long we've
been accelerating (at). Because the velocity is changing linearly
with time, we can calculate the average velocity using the initial
and final velocities. The average velocity is the arithmetic
average of the initial and final velocity.

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