Shoring & Underpinning

Construction Techniques
and Equipments - II
Md. Habibur Rahman Sobuz

Sobuz,, MSc
MSc,, PhD
Assistant Professor, BECM, KUET
Learning Objectives
Objectives:
 To improve the students' ability to

understand and solve construction
related problems and construction
details in buildings.
 You’ll learn safe and professional work

practices about construction work.
 You’ll also learn the code requirement

for the construction details for building.
 You’ll be able to understand and utilize

basic principles used in Building
Construction
Construction Details Books
Books:
1. Building Construction Handbook

..…..by Roy Chudley and Roger Greeno
(6th-10th Edition)
2. Building Construction..…..by
Rangwala, S.C. (6th Edition)
3. Building Construction Handbook

..…..by Sushil Kumar (19th Edition)
4. Construction planning, Equipment and

Methods…….by Peurifoy, R. L. (6th
Edition)
Topics Cover Today
Topics:
o Shoring
o Underpinning
Shoring in the Construction Industry
What is Shoring?
 Shoring is the construction of a temporary
structure to support temporarily an unsafe
structure which might become unstable and
also save the other property from collapse
of the supported structure.
 Shoring comes from shore a timber or

metal.
Types of Shoring
 Dead or Vertical shores
 Raking shores
 Flying shores
Use of shoring and material
 Shoring is commonly used before
installing the foundation
 Shoring support the surrounding loads

until the undergraduate levels of the
building are constructed
 Can be three types: Pile shore, steel

sheet shore and timber shore
 The most commonly used shoring

material is timber but nowadays steel is
the popular material.
 Whatever material is used, shoring should

be strong enough to resist the acting
forces, consistent with economy
Shoring construction before main work
Categories of shoring
 Dead shores - used primarily to carry
vertical loadings
 these shores should be placed at

approximately 2.000 c/c
 The sizes of the shores are typical
 Any suitable structural material such as

steel can be substituted for the timber
members
 Raking shores - used to support a
combination of vertical and horizontal
loadings.

approximately 3000mm to 4500mm c/c
 It can be of single, double, triple or

multiple raker format
 The most effective support is given if the

raker meets the wall at an angle of 60 to
70 degrees
 Suitable materials are timber, structural

steel and framed tubular scaffolding
 Flying shores - an alternative to raking
shoring to give a clear working space at
ground level.
 Consist of a horizontal timber set between

two vertical walls to be supported, the end
resting against wall pieces fixed on the
walls.

approximately 3000mm to 4500mm c/c
 It can be of single and double format
 Suitable materials are timber, structural

steel and framed tubular scaffolding
 Unsymmetrical - arrangements of flying
shores for unsymmetrical situations can be
devised
Some Important Point
• Temporary Support Determination
• Typical weight of building material
• Timber strength
• Timber section
• Ref. BS EN 1995-1-1: Design of timber

structures. General. Common rules and
rules for buildings.
Shoring Work Management
 Demolition
o Photographic records, particularly of any

noticeable defects on adjacent buildings.
o Neighborhood impact, i.e. disruption,

disturbance, protection.
o Potential for salvaging/recycling/reuse of

materials.
o Means for selective removal of

hazardous materials.
Underpinning
What is Underpinning?
 Underpinning - This is the process of
strengthening the foundation of an existing
building or other structure. This can be
done by several methods such as concrete
caissons, piles or grouting.
An underpinning operation may be

necessary for one or more of the following
reasons:
 Uneven Settlement
 Increase in Loading
 Lowering of Adjacent Ground

Why need underpinning?
 To support a structure that is sinking of
tilting due to poor soil
 To support a structure while making

alterations to its foundations
 To enable the foundations to be

deepened for structural reasons
 To increase the width of a foundation to

permit heavier loads to be carried
Underpinning works are highly skilled

operations and should be undertaken only
by experienced companies.
Factor depends on underpinning?
o Foundation loads: static and dynamic;

permanent and temporary
o State of existing foundations

o Subsurface soil conditions
o Subsurface groundwater conditions
o Condition of the structure
o Seismic loading
o Potential for environmental hazards
Typical underpinning details
Underpinning
Underpinning
Underpinning
 Underpinning to Walls ~ to prevent
fracture, damage or settlement of the
wall(s) being underpinned the work should
always be carried out in short lengths
called legs or bays.
 The length of these bays will depend upon

the following factors:
 Total length of wall to be underpinned.
 Wall loading.
 General state of repair and stability of wall

and foundation to be underpinned.
 Nature of subsoil beneath existing

foundation.
Underpinning Methods
• Timber pile underpinning
• Jack pile underpinning
• Bracket pile underpinning
• Root Pile or Angle Piling
• Underpinning column
• Compaction Grouting
• Micropiles
• Pile and Cantilever Beam
• Jack Down Piles.

Timber pile foundations

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Construction Techniques

Md. Habibur Rahman Sobuz

 To improve the students' ability to

 You’ll learn safe and professional work

 You’ll also learn the code requirement

 You’ll be able to understand and utilize

1. Building Construction Handbook

3. Building Construction Handbook

4. Construction planning, Equipment and

 Shoring comes from shore a timber or

 Shoring support the surrounding loads

 Can be three types: Pile shore, steel

 The most commonly used shoring

 Whatever material is used, shoring should

 these shores should be placed at

 The sizes of the shores are typical

 Any suitable structural material such as

 these shores should be placed at

 It can be of single, double, triple or

 The most effective support is given if the

 Suitable materials are timber, structural

 Consist of a horizontal timber set between

 these shores should be placed at

 It can be of single and double format

 Suitable materials are timber, structural

• Temporary Support Determination

• Typical weight of building material

• Ref. BS EN 1995-1-1: Design of timber

o Photographic records, particularly of any

o Neighborhood impact, i.e. disruption,

o Potential for salvaging/recycling/reuse of

o Means for selective removal of

An underpinning operation may be

 Lowering of Adjacent Ground

 To support a structure while making

 To enable the foundations to be

 To increase the width of a foundation to

Underpinning works are highly skilled

o Foundation loads: static and dynamic;

o State of existing foundations

 The length of these bays will depend upon

 Total length of wall to be underpinned.

 General state of repair and stability of wall

 Nature of subsoil beneath existing

• Timber pile underpinning

• Jack pile underpinning

• Bracket pile underpinning

• Root Pile or Angle Piling

• Pile and Cantilever Beam

• Jack Down Piles.

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