M.Sc. Physics: SEM Course Code Course Course Title HRS/ Week Credit CIA Marks SE Marks Total Marks

M.Sc.
PHYSICS
COURSE HRS/ CIA SE TOTAL
SEM COURSE COURSE TITLE CREDIT
CODE WEEK MARKS MARKS MARKS
14PPH1C1 CORE I Classical Dynamics 6 5 40 60 100

Mathematical Methods for
14PPH1C2 CORE II 6 5 40 60 100
Physics
14PPH1C3 CORE III Nuclear and Particle Physics 6 5 40 60 100
I
14PPH1C4P1 CORE IV General Physics - Practical 3 3 20 30 50
14PPH1C4P2 CORE IV Optics and Heat - Practical 3 2 20 30 50
CORE BASED
14PPH1CE1 6 5 40 60 100
ELECTIVE – I #
TOTAL 30 25 200 300 500
14PPH2C5 CORE V Advanced Mathematical Physics 6 5 40 60 100
14PPH2C6 CORE VI Electronics Devices and Circuits 6 5 40 60 100
14PPH2C7 CORE VII Electromagnetic Theory 6 5 40 60 100
II
14PPH2C8P1 CORE VIII Solid State Physics - Practical 3 3 20 30 50
14PPH2C8P2 CORE VIII Analog Electronics - Practical 3 2 20 30 50
CORE BASED
14PPH2CE2 6 5 40 60 100
ELECTIVE – II #
TOTAL 30 25 200 300 500
Atomic and Molecular
14PPH3C9 CORE IX 6 5 40 60 100
Spectroscopy
14PPH3C10 CORE X Quantum Mechanics 6 5 40 60 100
14PPH3C11 CORE XI Statistical Mechanics 6 5 40 60 100
14PPH3C12P1 CORE XII Digital Electronics Practical 3 3 20 30 50
III
Numerical Programming in
14PPH3C12P2 CORE XII 3 2 20 30 50
Physics - Practical
CORE BASED
14PPH3CE3 6 5 40 60 100
ELECTIVE – III #
14PPH3EC1 EXTRA CREDIT – I Nonlinear Electronics - 5* -- 100* 100*
TOTAL 30 25 200 300 500
14PPH4C13 CORE XIII Solid State Physics 6 5 40 60 100

Microprocessor&
14PPH4C14P1 CORE XIV 3 3 20 30 50
Microcontroller- Practical
Numerical Simulations in
IV 14PPH4C14P2 CORE XIV 3 2 20 30 50
Physics: - Practical
Non-Conventional Energy
14PPH4EC2 EXTRA CREDIT – II - 5* -- 100* 100*
Sources
14PPH4PW PROJECT WORK 18 5 40 60 100
TOTAL 30 15 120 180 300
GRAND TOTAL 120 90 720 1080 1800
# Core Based Electives

SEMESTER CORE BASED ELECTIVE
Medical Physics &Ultrasonics
I
Crystal Growth and Thin Films
Computational Methods for Physics
II
Nano science and Technology
Special Electronics
III
Electronic Instrumentation
* Not considered for Grand Total and CGPA
SEMESTER I: CORE – I
CLASSICAL DYNAMICS
Course Code : 14PPH1C1 Max.Marks : 100

Hours / Week : 6 Internal Marks : 40
Credit :5 External Marks : 60
Objectives:
 To understand Lagrangian and Hamiltonian principles and its applications
 To study thecanonical transformations of Poisson’s Brackets & Hamilton – Jacobi Theory
 To study the general theory of small oscillations and Rigid body dynamics
 To study the energy concepts in relativistic mechanics.
UNIT – I Lagrangian Dynamics 18 hours

Constraints – generalized co-ordinates – principle of virtual work – D’Alembert’s principle –
Lagrange’s equations from D’Alembert’s principle – Hamilton’s principle and Lagrange’s equations –
Applications – simple pendulum – At wood’s machine – Bead sliding on rotating wire in a force –
#free space#.
UNIT - II Hamiltonian Dynamics 18 hours

Cyclic co-ordinates – Hamilton’s canonical equations of motion – deduction of Hamilton’s principle
from the D’Alembert’s principle – Deduction of Hamilton’s equation from the modified Hamilton’s
principle – principle of least action – Examples: Motion of a particle in a central force field, charged
particle moving in an electromagnetic field.
UNIT - III Poisson’s Brackets & Hamilton – Jacobi Theory 18 hours

Poisson’s bracket – canonical transformations – invariance of Poisson bracket with respect to canonical
transformations – Hamilton-Jacobi theory – Action and Angle variable – Kepler’s problem – solution
of Harmonic oscillator problem by Hamilton-Jacobi equation – Hamilton’s characteristic function
conservative system.
UNIT – IV Small oscillations and Rigid-body dynamics 18 hours

General theory of small oscillation – Equation of motion for small oscillation – solution of eigen value
equation – normal co-ordinates and normal frequencies of vibration – vibration of a linear triatomic
molecule.
Euler’s angle – equation of motion of Rigid body – Euler’s equations – the motion of a symmetric top
under action of gravity.
UNIT – V Relativistic Mechanics 18 hours
Relativistic energy – relation between momentum and energy and conservation law – transformation of
momentum and energy – Force in relativistic mechanics – Minkowski space and Lorentz
transformations – #World point and world line# – Four vectors.
#.............#Self study portion
Text book
J.C. Updhaya,Classical Mechanics,,Himalaya Publishing House, 2nd edition,2003
UNIT I Chapter 2 Sections 2.3-2.11

UNIT II Chapter 3 & 5 Sections 3.2 - 3.5 & 5.3 -5.11
UNIT III Chapter 7 & 8 Sections 7.2 - 7.6 & 8.2 -8.8
UNIT IV Chapter 9 & 10 Sections 9.4 - 9.6 & 10.3 -10.14
UNIT V Chapter 13 & 14 Sections 13.3 -13.8 & 14.2 -14.5
Books for reference:

1. H.Goldstain,Classical Mechanics,NarosaPublishing, 2nd edition, 2008
2. N.C.Rana and P.S.Joag,Classical Mechanics, Tata McGraw. Hill, 1stedition, 1991.
SEMESTER I: CORE – II
MATHEMATICAL METHODS FOR PHYSICS

Objective:
 To practice mathematical methods for physics through vector analysis, matrices, Tensors,
complex variable, Fourier transform
UNIT – I Vector Analysis 18 hours

Differentiation of Vector Functions: The Derivative of a Vector- Gradient, Divergence, Curl and
#Laplacian Operators# - Integration of Vector Functions: Line integral- Gauss Divergence Theorem –
Green’s theorem – Stoke’s theorem – Statements and proofs only.
General Curvilinear Coordinates: Orthogonal Curvlinear Cylindrical Coordinates-Gradient,
Divergence, Curl and Laplacianin OrthogonalCurvlinear Coordinates - Spherical Polar coordinates.
UNIT - II Linear Vector Spaces and Matrices 18 hours

Linear Vector Spaces: Definition – Linear independence, basis and dimension – Scalar Product-
Orthonormal basis- Schwartz Inequality-Gram-Schmidt’s Orthogonalization process – Linear operators
Special Types of Matrices: The Eigen Value Problem-Cayley Hamilton theorem –Coordinate
Transformations: Rotation in two and Three Dimensions.
UNIT - III Tensors 18 hours

Contravariant vector –covariant vector –Tensors of second rank –General Definition -addition and
subtraction - outer products of tensors – Inner products of tensors – symmetric and anti symmetric
tensors – Quotient Law - Kronecker Delta – Metric tensor – Orthogonal Transformations- Stress and
Strain tensors-Hooke’s law – moment of inertia tensor
UNIT – IV Complex Variables 18 hours
The Derivative of a Complex Function f(z) of its Analyticity – Cauchy – Riemann conditions –
Harmonic Functions- Cauchy’s Integral theorem - Cauchy’s Integral formula – Taylor’s series –
Laurent’s series – Zeros of a Complex Function-Evaluation of Residues-Cauchy Residue theorem –
Cauchy Principal Value -Evaluation of definite integrals [ Integrals of the form ∫ ( , )
and ∫ ( ) ]
UNIT – V Fourier Transforms 18 hours
Fourier Integral Theorem and its proof- Fourier transform of time dependent functions-Integral
Representation of the Dirac Delta Function-Parseval’s Theorem-Linearity Theorem- Fourier transform
of derivatives –Shifting of the origin- Convolution theorem – Sampling Theorem-#Use of Fourier
Transforms in Solving Differential Equations#
Text books
T.B 1 Charlie Harper, Introduction to Mathematical Physics, PHI, New Delhi, 2nd edition,2006.
T.B 2 A.W. Joshi, Matrices and Tensors in Physics, New Age International, NewDelhi,
1st edition,1995
T.B 3 A.K. Ghatak, I.C. Goyal& S.J. Chua, Mathematical Physics, Macmillman India Ltd,
New Delhi,1st edition,1995
UNIT I Chapter 1 Sections 1.3.1 - 1.6.8 T.B 1

UNIT II Chapter 2 & 7 Sections 2.5 - 2.9 & 7.1 -7.6 T.B 1
UNIT III Chapter 15 -19 Sections 15.2 - 19.7 T.B 2
UNIT IV Chapter 3 &4 Sections 3.3.1 – 4.6.2 T.B 1
UNIT V Chapter 10 Sections 10.1 - 10.10 T.B 3
Book for reference:
B.D. Gupta, Mathematical Physics, Vikas Publications, 3rd edition,2005
SEMESTER I: CORE – III

NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

Objectives:
 To understand the properties and models of nucleus
 To study about nuclear radioactivity and reactions
 To study aboutthe properties of elementary particles
UNIT – I General properties of Atomic Nucleus 18 hours

Binding energy – semi empirical mass formula – optical model – shell model: #evidence for the
existence of magic numbers# – extreme single particle model – spin orbit potential.
Nuclear Forces:Exchange forces – Yukawa potential – ground state of deuteron – low energy n-p
scattering - scattering length – phase shift – effective range theory.
UNIT - II Radioactive Decays 18 hours

Alpha decay – Gamow’s theory of Alpha decay – Geiger nuttal law – neutrino hypothesis – Fermi’s
theory of beta decay – selection rules – Wu’s experiment – non conversion of parity in beta decay –
parity in β – decay – gamma decay – selection rules – internal conversion –#nuclear isomerism#.
UNIT - III Nuclear Fission and Fusion 18 hours

Types of Fission – distribution of Fission products – Nuclear chain reactions – Four factor formula –
Bohr-Wheeler’s theory of nuclear fission – liquid drop model.
Nuclear Fusion – Thermo nuclear reactions as source of stellar energy – controlled thermo nuclear
reactions – Plasma confinement.
UNIT – IV Nuclear reaction 18 hours

Nuclear reaction kinematics – general solution of the Q-equation – Nuclear reaction crosssections –
the compound nucleus – reciprocity theorem – Direct reactions – Stripping reactions – Partial wave
analysis of nuclear reaction cross sections – Breit-Wigner dispersion formula for l = 0 neutrons.
UNIT – V Elementary particles 18 hours

Classification of elementary particle -#fundamental interactions# – conservation laws and their
validity – the C-P-T theorem – Properties of elementary particles: the Massless Bosons – the Leptons –
the mesons – symmetry schemes of elementary particles – SU(3) multiplets of Hardons – Gellmann –
Okubo mass formula for SU(3) multiplets – Quarks. Flavours and colours.
Text book
D.C. Tayal, Nuclear Physics, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi, 2nd edition, 2011
UNIT I Chapter 1, 8 - 10 Sections 1.6 - 1.7 & 8.3 - 10.21
UNIT II Chapter 5 - 7 Sections 5.4 - 7.6
UNIT III Chapter 13 Sections 13.1 - 13.2
UNIT IV Chapter 10 Sections 10.3 - 10.24
UNIT V Chapter 18 Sections 18.1 - 18.3

1. M.L. Pandya, R.P.S. Yadav,Elements of nuclear Physics, KedarNath Ram Nath,
New Delhi, 4th edition, 2011.
2. Satya Prakash,Nuclear & Particle Physics, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi, 4th edition, 2010
SEMESTER I: CORE – IV
GENERAL PHYSICS - PRACTICAL
Course Code : 14PPH1C4P1 Max.Marks : 50

Objectives:
 To realize the physics principles through advanced physics experiments
 To determine a physical coefficients through electromagnetic and optical experiments.
1. e/m Thomson method

2. e/m Helical method
3. Determination of the specific charge [e/m] of an electron by magnetron method.
4. Determination of q, n, σ by elliptical fringes method.
5. Determination of Specific Rotatory Power of Liquids - Lauret’s Half-shade Polarimeter
6. Fourier Analysis of Periodic Waveforms
7. Determination of magnetic susceptibility by Quinke’s method.
8. Determination of λ and μ using Fresnel Bi-prism.
Book for reference:
S.P.Singh, Advanced Practical Physics, A PragathiPrakashan, 1st edition, 2011.
SEMESTER I: CORE – IV
OPTICS AND HEAT - PRACTICAL

Objective:
 To develop the skills in measuring physical quantities and determining coefficients

through optics and heat experiments.
1. Determination of wavelength and Δλ using Michelson’s interferometer.

2. Determination of q, n, σ by Hyperbolic fringes method.
3. Rydberg’s Constant – Hydrogen Spectrum.
4. Charge of an electron by spectrometer.
5. Determination of Stefan’s constant.
6. Lorentz number determination – Forbe’s method.
7. Ultrasonic Diffraction – Bulk modulus.
8. Magnetic Susceptibility of a liquid - Guoy’s Method.
Book for reference:
S.P.Singh, Advanced Practical Physics, A PragathiPrakashan, 1st edition, 2011.
SEMESTER I: CORE BASED ELECTIVE – I

MEDICAL PHYSICS AND ULTRASONICS
Course Code : 14PPH1CE1 Max.Marks : 100

Objectives:
 To acquire knowledge in biomedical instrumentation
 To learn the applications of Laser and Ultrasonics in Medicine
UNIT – I Diagnostic Devices 18 hours
Blood Pressure and its Measurement – Eye Pressure Measurement - Electrical Signals from Heart:
Electrocardiography (ECG) – Electrical Signals from brain: Electroencephalogram (EEG) - Electrical Signal
from muscles: Electromyogram (EMG) – Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
UNIT - II Therapeutic Devices 18 hours

Microprocessor based ventilators – AC and DC defibrillator – Pacemaker – Versatile Electro Therapeutic
Stimulator – Anesthesia Machine – Ventilator – Dialysis Process – Comparison between Hemodialysis and
Peritoneal Dialysis - Peritoneal Dialysis unit - Nuclear Therapy: Tele-Therapy (Co60) and Brachytherapy.
UNIT - III Medical Applications of Lasers 18 hours

Laser Based Blood Cell Counter – Laser Doppler Blood Flow meter – Laser in Angioplasty – Principle and
theory of fluorescence – Reflectance and Light Scattering Spectroscopy – Laser Spectroscopy Cancer Detection
Techniques: Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy – Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors.
UNIT – IV Ultrasonic Study of Liquid Mixtures and Solutions 18 hours

Preparation of multi component liquid mixtures:#Mole fraction – Weight fraction# – Volume
fraction. Measurement techniques: Ultrasonic Interferometer – Continuous wave method – Density –
Viscosity
Pure liquids and binary Mixtures :Free Length Theory – Collision Factor Theory – Nomoto’s
Relation Acoustical Parameters – Adiabatic Compressibility – Acoustic Impedance – Intermolecular
Free Length – Molar Volume – Free Volume – Internal Pressure.
UNIT – VApplications of Ultrasound 18 hours

Low Frequency – High Intensity Applications: Ultrasonic Welding – #Applications# – Ultrasonic
Cleaning – Applications – Food Industry – Length Meters.
High Frequency – Low Intensity Applications: Level Meters – Thickness Measurements –
Ultrasonic Microscopy – Acoustic Holography (Transmission Acoustic Holography)
#..........# Self study portion
Text books:
T.B 1Dr .M. Arumugam,Biomedical Instrumentation, Anuradha publications, Chennai, ,10th Reprint 2005.
T.B 2 S.Svanberg, Atomic & Molecular Spectroscopy (Basic aspects & Practical applications), WILY
Publications, 4th Edition 2010.
T.B 3Baldevraj, V.Rajendran and P.Palanichamy, Science and Technology of Ultrasonics, Narosa
Publications, New Delhi, 4th Edition 2009.
Unit I Chapter 4 & 10 Sections 4.3 – 4.8 & 10.10.3 – 10.10.8 T.B 1
Unit IIChapter 5 & 6 Sections 5.5.1 – 6.9 T.B 1
Unit III Chapter 10 Sections 10.5 – 10.5.4 T.B 2
Unit IV Chapter 6 Sections 6.1 – 6.8.8 T.B 3
Unit V Chapter 5 Sections 5.3 – 5.4.3 T.B 3
Book for Reference:

John R. Cameron and James G.Skofronick, Medical Physics, John Wiley Interscience Publication,
Canada, 2nd edition, 2009.
SEMESTER I: CORE BASED ELECTIVE – I

CRYSTAL GROWTH AND THIN FILMS

Objectives:
 To learn the crystal growth and characterization techniques
 To study the formation of thin film and its analysis
UNIT – I Crystal growth Phenomena 18 hours
Nucleation: Theories of nucleation – Classical theory of nucleation: Gibbs Thomson equation for
vapour – Gibbs-Thomson equation for solution – Energy formation of a nucleus – Spherical nucleus –
#Cylindrical nucleus#
UNIT - II Low Temperature Solution growth 18 hours
#Solution, Solubility and Super solubility# – Expression of Super saturation – Methods of

Crystallization: Crystallization by Slow Cooling of Solutions – Crystallization by Slow evaporation
Method – Temperature gradient Method – Crystal growth system.
UNIT - III Other Crystal growth techniques 18 hours
Physical vapour deposition – Chemical vapour deposition – Gel growth – Principle of gel growth –
various types of gel – Structure of gel – Growth of Crystals in gels – Importance of gel technique –
Experimental procedure.
UNIT – IV Methods of Thin film 18 hours
Chemical vapour deposition – Pyrolysis – Vapour phase reaction – Vapour Transportation method –
Disproportionation method – Chemical deposition – Electrodoposition – Mass method (Micro balance
technique) – Optical method (Photometric).
UNIT – V Thin film Analysis 18 hours
Electron Diffraction Technique – Electron Microscopy – Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) –

Electron Probe micro analysis – X-Ray Photo Electron spectroscopy (XPES) – Mass Spectroscopy.
#..........# Self study portion
Text Books
T.B 1 Dr. P. SanthanaRaghavan and Dr. P. Ramasamy, Crystal Growth, KRU Publications,
1stedition.
T.B 2 A. Goswami,Thin Film Fundamentals, New Age International Publishers, Reprint,2008
Unit I Chapter 2 Sections 2.2 - 2.26 T.B 1

Unit II Chapter 4 Sections:4.11 -4.21 T.B 1
Unit III Chapter 5 Sections: 5.1 - 5.4.61 T.B 1
Unit IV Chapter 9 Sections: 9.1 - 9.72 T.B 2
Unit V Chapter 7Sections: 7.17 -7.25 T.B 2
1. J.W. Mullin, “Crystallization”, Butterworths, London, Second edition, 1972.

2. P.Hortman, “Crystal growth an introduction”, North Holland publishing Co, Amsterdam,
Second edition 1965.
3. H.K.Henish, “Crystal growth from gel”, ThePennsylvania state university, First edition,1969.
4. P.Ramasamy, “Recent trends in Crystal growth“, ICSU- COSTED Publications, Madras,
First edition, 1988.
5. B.R.Pamplin, “Crystal Growth”,Pergamon press, London, Second edition 1980.
SEMESTER II: CORE – V

ADVANCED MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS

Objectives:
 To learn the mathematical functions and problem practice
 To learn the concept of group theory
UNIT – I Partial Differential Equations 18 hours
Importance of partial differential equations – method of separation of variables – solution of one-
dimensional wave equation – one dimensional heat conduction equation – modes of an optical fiber –
transformation and #classification of PDE’s# – characteristic co-ordinates – canonical forms of
hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptic equations.
UNIT - II The Beta, Gamma and special functions 18 hours

Definition of the Beta function and Gamma function – symmetry property of Beta function –
Transformation of Beta function – Transformation of Gamma function – Relation between Beta and
Gamma functions – Legendre differential equation – Hermite differential equation – generating
function – Rodrigue’s formula– orthogonal properties – Bessel’s differential equation – Recurrence
formula for Jn(x).
UNIT - III Dirac-Delta function and Green’s Function 18 hours

Dirac-Delta function – Properties of Delta function – three dimensional delta function – Green’s
function for one-dimensional case – Application to Boundary value problem – general proof of
symmetry property of Green’s function – Green’s function for Poisson’s equation and solution of
Poisson’s equation – Green’s function for quantum mechanical scattering problem.
UNIT – IV Laplace’s Integral transform 18 hours

Condition for the existence of Laplace transform – #Properties of Laplace transform# – Laplace
transform of derivative of a function – Laplace transform of integral – Laplace transform of special
function – evaluation of inverse Laplace transform – convolution theorem.
UNIT – V Group theory 18 hours

Concept of a group – Abelian group – the cyclic group – the group multiplication table –
Rearrangement theorem – Isomorphism and Homomorphism – the group of symmetry of an equilateral
triangle – group of symmetry of a square – representation of groups – reducible and irreducible
representations – Schur’s Lemma I and II – The orthogonality theorem.
Text books
T.B 1 A.K. Ghatak,I.C. Goyal& S.J. Chua, Mathematical Physics, Macmillman India Ltd,
New Delhi, 1stedition,1995.
T.B 2 Satya Prakash, Mathematical Physics, Sulthan Chand and Sons, New Delhi, 3rd edition, 2001
UNIT I Chapter 15 Sections 15.2 - 15.7 T.B 1

UNIT II Chapter 4& 7 Sections 4.1 - 4.7 & 7.11 -7.40 T.B 2
UNIT III Chapter 11 Sections 11.1 - 11.13 T.B 2
UNIT IV Chapter 9 Sections 9.9 - 9.24 T.B 2
Book for reference:

Charlie Harper, Introduction to Mathematical Physics, PHI, New Delhi, 2nd edition, 2006.
SEMESTER II: CORE – VI

ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Objectives:
 To study the fabrication of semiconductor devices
 To study the constructions, operations and characteristics of solid state devices
 To learn the circuit ideas of Op-amp and 555 timer applications.
UNIT – I IC Fabrication and Transducers 18 hours

Introduction – Construction of Monolithic bipolar transistors – Fabrication of PNP transistors –
Fabrication of Monolithic Diodes, Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors – Fabrication of Junction Field
Effect Transistors and MOSFET – NMOS fabrication.
UNIT –II Solid State Devices 18 hours

Construction, operation and V-I characteristics of special devices: Tunnel diode – Gunn diode –
MOSFET – Enhancement MOSFET – Biasing of Enhancement MOSFET.
SCR – SCR half wave rectifier – SCR Full wave rectifier – #TRIAC# – DIAC – UJT – UJT relaxation
Oscillator
UNIT - III Operational Amplifier 18 hours

Instrumentation Amplifier – Op-Amp circuits using diodes: Half wave rectifier, Full wave rectifier,
Peak detector, Clipper and Clamper circuits – Sample and hold circuit – Logarithmic and
Antilogarithmic amplifier.
Multiplier – Divider – Differentiator – Integrator –Electronic analog computation: Simulation of 2nd
order differential equation – simulation of transfer function
UNIT – IV Comparators, Waveform Generators and Filters 18 hours

Comparator – Zero crossing detector – window detector – Schmitt trigger – Astablemultivibrator –
MonostableMultivibrator – Triangular wave generator.
RC phase shift oscillator – Wien’s bridge oscillator – Function generator – RC active filters: I order
low pass, high pass and band pass filters.
UNIT – V 555 Timer and Phase –Locked Loops PLL 18 hours

Introduction – Description of functional diagram of 555 timer – Monostable operation – Frequency
divider – Astable operation – Frequency Shift Keying(FSK) generator.
PLL Basic principle – Analog phase detector – Digital phase detector – Voltage controlled oscillator –
#PLL applications# – frequency multiplication/division – Frequency Translation
Text books
T.B 1 S Salivahanan, N Suersh Kumar & A Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi,Second Edition, 2009.
T.B 2 D.RoyChoudhury and ShailB.Jain, Linear Integrated Circuits, New Age

International Publishers,third edition, 2012.
UNIT I Chapter 19 Sections 19.1 - 19.12.2 T.B 1

UNIT II Chapter 5,7,8& 17 Sections 5.8, 7.9 - 8.8 & 17.2 T.B 1
Book for reference:

V.Vijayendran,Introduction to Integratedelectronics( Digital&Analog), S.Viswanathan, Printers
&PublishersPrivate Ltd, Reprint 2008.
SEMESTER II: CORE – VII

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

Objectives:
 To understand the concepts of electro and magnetic statics
 To study the principles and properties of electromagnetic wave
UNIT – I Electrostatics 18 hours

Coulomb’s Law: Discrete and continuous charge distribution – electric potential – Gauss’s law
(or ⃗ ) – Possion’s equation and Laplace equation - Multipole expansion of charge distribution –
Dielectric and its polarization –#Electric displacement# – Dielectric constant.

Polarisibility(α): Electronic, Ionic, dipolar – polarization of non-polar molecules: Lorentz equation for
molecular field, Clausius – Mosotti relation.
UNIT - II Magneto statics 18 hours

#Definition for current density J# – Biot-Savart law (Laplace formula) – Applications: Long
straight wire, circular coil –Ampere’s circuital law (Curl B) –Applications:straight current carrying
conductor – Magnetic scalar potential – magnetic vector potential – magnetic energy, derivation.
UNIT - III Electromagnetic waves and propagation 18 hours

Maxwell equations – Propagation of electromagnetic wave in free space – propagation of
electromagnetic wave in conducting media ( Phase velocity, refractive index, spatial attenuation only) –
equation of continuity – displacement current – Poynting’s theorem ( derivation only)
Wave guide – rectangular wave guide – TM & TE mode.
UNIT – IV Electromagnetic fields and radiating system 18 hours

Electromagnetic potential A and Φ – Maxwell equations in terms of electromagnetic potentials
– Non-uniqueness of electromagnetic potentials and concept of gauge – Lorentz gauge – Coulomb
Gauge.
Retarded potentials – Lienard-Wiechert potentials.
Oscillating electric dipole – radiation from an oscillating dipole: Vector potential, scalar potential,
magnetic induction, Poynting vector and radiated power.
UNIT – V Relativistic electrodynamics 18 hours

Purview of special theory of relativity - 4 vector and tensor – transformation equations for the
electromagnetic potentials –transformation equation for the field vectors E and H –covariance of
Maxwell equation in 4-tensor form – covariance and transformation law of Lorentz force
Text book
Chopra &Agarwal,Electromagnetic theory,K.Nath and Co, Meerut, Sixth edition, 2006
UNIT I Chapter 1 Sections 1.1 - 1.9

UNIT II Chapter 3 Sections 3.1 - 3.3
UNIT III Chapter 4 - 6 Sections 4.1 - 6.8
UNIT IV Chapter 4, 8 & 9 Sections 4.7 - 4.11, 8.1 - 9.2
UNIT V Chapter 10 Sections 10.1 - 10.9

1. SatyaPrakash,Electromagnetic theory & Electrodynamics, KedarNath Ram Nath
and Co, Meerut, 11th Edition, 2005.
2. S.P Puri, Classical electrodynamics, Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Company
Limited, New Delhi, Second Edition,1997.
3. John David Jackson, Classical electrodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Third Edition, 1999.
SEMESTER II: CORE – VIII

SOLID STATE PHYSICS - PRACTICAL
Objectives:
 To develop the skills in measuring physical quantities, determining coefficients for
semiconducting materials.
 To realize the magnetic properties of materials.
1. Band gap energy – Four Probe method
2. Determination of carrier concentration and Hall coefficients in semiconductors.
3. Determination of Planck’s constant.
4. Di-electric Constant : Determination of the Curie Temperature for a Dielectric Specimen
5. Determination of magnetic susceptibility of powered sample – Guoy’s method.
6. Hystersis loop tracer
7. B-H Curve – Determination of the energy loss of a magnetic specimen due to hysteresis
using Anchor Ring and Spot Galvanometer
8. g” factor determination – ESR spectrometer

1. S.P.Singh, Advanced Practical Physics, A PragathiPrakashan,1st edition,2011.
2. S. Philominathan, Advanced Practical Physics & Electronic experiments,
PHI, 2nd edition,1998.
SEMESTER II: CORE – VIII

ANALOG ELECTRONICS - PRACTICAL
Objective:
 To develop the skills analog electronic experiments and to practice the circuit ideas.
1. Characteristics of LDR.
2. Relaxation oscillator using UJT
3. D/A converter – Binary Weighted Method
4. D/A converter – R-2R ladder Network method
5. Filters – low pass, high pass & band pass filters
6. Wien’s Bridge Oscillator
7. Verification of Richardson-Dushmann Law: Thermionic Work Function
8. Dielectric Constant using Radio Frequency Hartley Oscillator

1. S.P.Singh, Advanced Practical Physics, A PragathiPrakashan,1st edition,2011.
2. S. Philominathan, Advanced Practical Physics & Electronic experiments, PHI,
2nd edition, 1998.
SEMESTER II: CORE BASED ELECTIVE – II

COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR PHYSICS

Objectives:
 To understand the numerical computations for algebraic, transcendental and linear simultaneous
equations.
 To understand the concept of linear interpolation and curve fitting.
 To understand the numerical differentiation and integration.
UNIT –I Roots of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations 18 hours
Roots of a general polynomial equation- Roots of a quadratic equation- Newton’s Relations-
Descartes Rules-Transcendental Equations-The False Position Method – Newton – Raphson method- C
programs for finding the roots of a simple quadratic equation and for polynomial equations by using
False Position and Newton – Raphson methods
UNIT - II Numerical Solution of Linear Simultaneous Equations 18 hours

Need and scope of Simultaneous Linear Equations- Existence of Solutions- Solution by
Elimination - Basic Gauss Elimination Method - Gauss Elimination with Pivoting-#Applications to
Electrical Networks#- C Programs for implementing Basic Gauss Elimination Method and Gauss
Elimination Method with pivoting
UNIT - III Curve Fitting: Interpolation and Regression 18 hours

Interpolation-Polynomial Forms -Linear interpolation – Lagrange’s interpolation Formula-
Newton Interpolation Polynomial-Divided Difference Table - C programs for implementing Lagrange’s
interpolation formula and Newton’s interpolation formula
Curve Fitting of Linear Equations-Linear Least Squares Regression Method- Fitting of Transcedental
Equations-C-Programs for implementing these.
Unit – IV Numerical differentiation and integration 18 hours

Numerical Differentiation: Newton’s forward, central and backward difference Coeffecients-
Higher Order Derivatives – Differentiating Tabulated Functions-#Difference Tables#
Numerical integration: the trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3 rule –C program to evaluate integrals using
trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3 rules.
UNIT –V Numerical Solution of ODE’s: Initial and Boundary Value Problems 18 hours
Order and Degree of ODE’s- Euler’s Method - RungeKutte Fourth Order Method-Systems of
Differential Equation -C Program to implement RK4 Method for a First Order differential Equation.
Boundary value problems- Shooting Method-Conversion of Boundary Value Problems to Eigen Value
Problems-Polynomial Method
Text books
T.B 1 Suresh Chandra, Computer Applications in C, Narosa, Publishing House,NewDelhi,
Second Edition, 2006
T.B 2 E. Balagurusamy, Numerical methods, TataMcGraw Hill, New Delhi, Second edition, 1999.
UNIT II Chapter 7 Sections 7.1 - 7.5 T.B 2
UNIT III Chapter 9 & 10 Sections 9.1 - 10.3 T.B 2
UNIT IV Chapter 11 &12 Sections 11.1 - 12.4 T.B 2
UNIT V Chapter 13 & 14 Sections 13.1 - 14.5 T.B 2
Book for reference:

K.R. Venugopal and S.R. Prasad, Mastering C, Tata Mc-GrawHill,NewDelhi,Thirdedition,2007
SEMESTER II: CORE BASED ELECTIVE – II

NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Objectives:
 To learn the nano technology and nano materials

 To study the application of nano materials in medicine
 To understand Evaluation techniques and Green technology
UNIT-I Nano Technology and Nano materials 18 hours

Nanotechnology – Basics and Basis – Four generations of Nano-technology development – Thermal,
optical, electrical and magnetic properties of nanomaterials- Classification of Nano materials –
Techniques of preparation – Bottom up methodology (Sol-Gel technique) – Top down methodology –
Fullerenes – #Properties of fullerenes#.
UNIT - II Carbon Nanotube 18 hours

Introduction – types of Carbon Nanotubes – Single walled (SWNT) Nanotubes – Multi walled
(MWNT) Nanotubes – Properties – Kinetic property – Electrical property – Thermal property – defects
of Nanotubes – One dimentional transport – toxicity – Synthesis – Arc discharge – Laser ablation –
Chemical Vapour deposition – Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Chemical, Mechanical and current
fields.
UNIT - III Nanophysics 18 hours

Quantum dot – Quantum confinement in semi conductors – #Optical properties# – Fabrication –
Computing field – Photo voltaic and Light emitting devices – quantum wire – quantum well –
Fabrication – Quantum Point – Applications – Nanocrystals – Nanocrystal solar cell – Moore’s law and
nanocircuitary – Nano wire.
UNIT – IV Nanomedicine and Nanobiology 18 hours

Basic concepts and applications – Drug delivery – Cancer diagnosis and therapy – Neuro – electronic
devices – nanobiotechnology devices – nano particles – nanoshell –biosensors –principle of detection –
optical and electro chemical biosensors – applications of nano bio sensors – nano-DNA technology –
Applications.
UNIT – V Evaluation techniques and Green technology 18 hours

Scanning Probe Microscope - types -Tunnelling Electron Microscope (TEM) – Instrumentation -
Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) –Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) -Green Nano technology -
Methodology – Health risk and environmental issues – Positive, negative aspects and implications of
Nano Sciences for Society.
Text book
S. Shanmugam ,Nano Technology,MJP Publishers,First edition, 2011
UNIT I Chapter 1 & 2 Sections 1.1 – 2.7
UNIT II Chapter 2 Sections 2.8 – 2.12
UNIT III Chapter 3 & 4 Sections 3.1 – 4.10
UNIT IV Chapter 7 Sections 7.1 – 7.8
UNIT V Chapter 8 & 9 Sections 8.1 – 9.17
Book for reference:

KK.Chattobpadhyay,Introduction to Nano Science and Technology, PHI, New Delhi, 2011.
SEMESTER III: CORE – IX

ATOMIC AND MOLECULARSPECTROSCOPY

Objectives:
 To understand the principles of Vibrational, Rotational, Electronic, mass and Resonance
Spectroscopies.
 Tostudy the component of the spectrometer and to determination molecular structure.
UNIT – I Vibrational and Rotational Spectroscopy – I 18 hours

Classification of molecules – Rigid rotor – non-rigid rotor – effect of isotopic substitution –
intensity of rotational lines – linear poly atomic molecules : Symmetric & Asymmetric type – stark
effect – micro wave spectrometer – #applications of microwave spectroscopy# – IR spectroscopy –
vibrating diatomic molecule – diatomic vibrating rotator – FTIR spectrometer.
UNIT - II Vibrational and Rotational Spectroscopy – II 18 hours

Raman Effect – rotational Raman spectra – vibrational Raman spectra – vibrational-rotational
Raman spectra – Resonance Raman spectroscopy – Nonlinear Raman effects – hyper Raman effect and
its classical treatment – stimulated Raman scattering – inverse Raman scattering – Coherent Anti-
stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) – Raman spectrometer.
UNIT - III Electronic Spectroscopy 18 hours

Electronic spectroscopy of atom: Electronic wave functions - shapes and energies of atomic
orbitals-orbital angular momentum-fine structure of hydrogen atom.
Electronic spectroscopy of molecules: Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules-Frank-Condon
principle – dissociation energy and dissociation product – Rotational fine structure of electronic
vibration transition.
UNIT – IV Mass Spectroscopy 18 hours

Introduction – theory – components of mass spectrometer – spark source ionization – Chemical
ionization – ion separator – double focusing – ion collectors – recordings of mass spectrogram –
resolution of mass spectrometer – applications – molecular mass determination – latent heat of
vaporization of liquids.
UNIT – V Resonance Spectroscopy 18 hours

NMR: Basic principles – chemical Shift – Relaxation process – Instrumentation: Fourier
transform method – NMR Imaging.
ESR: Basic Principles – Nuclear interaction and hyperfine structure –‘g’ characteristics - ESR
Spectrometer – #Applications#
Text books
T.B 1 H.Kaur, Spectroscopy ,PragathiPrakasan, Eighth edition,2013
T.B 2 Colin N. Banwell and Elaine M. Mccash Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, McGraw
Hill Publishing Co. London, Fourth edition, 2000

T.B 3 GurdeepChatwal& Sham Anand, Spectroscopy, HPH Publishers, Fifth edition 2013
T.B 4 Gupta Kumar Sharma, Elements of Spectroscopy (Atomic, Molecular, Laser Physics),
PragathiPrakasan, 23rd Edition, 2013

UNIT II Chapter 6 & 21 Sections 6.1 -6.12& 21.1 - 21.7 T.B 1
UNIT III Chapter 5& 6 Sections 5.1 - 6.3 T.B 2
Book for reference:

G. Aruldhas, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy, PHI Publishers,2nd edition,2011
SEMESTER III: CORE – X

QUANTUM MECHANICS

Objectives:
 To understand the concepts and Formalism of Quantum Mechanics
 To practice Eigen value problems and matrix formulation
 To learn approximation methods to study perturbation theory
 To study the concepts of Angular Momentum and Spin States and Relativistic Wave Equations.
UNIT – I Concepts and Formalism of Quantum Mechanics 18 hours

Time dependent Schrödinger equation- Physical Interpretation of Wave function ψ:
Normalization andProbability Interpretation -Conservation of Probability: #Equation of
Continuity# – ExpectationValues: Ehrenfest's Theorem -Admissibility conditions on wave

functions-Stationary states: Time independent Schrödinger wave equation.
UNIT - II Exactly Soluble Eigen Value Problems and Matrix Formulation 18 hours
Angular Momentum Operators [L2&Lz] – Angular Momentum Commutation Relations – Eigen
valuesand Eigen functions of Angular Momentum Operators-One Dimensional Linear Harmonic
OscillatorReduction of a Two Body Hamiltonian-Hydrogen AtomHilbert space - Dirac’s Notation
- Hermitian Operators -Matrix Representation of Wave functions and Operators- Unitary
Transformations- Matrix theory of a linear harmonic oscillator - Equations of Motions -
Schroedinger, Heisenberg and Interaction Pictures
UNIT - III Approximation Methods 18 hours

Stationary State Perturbation theory:non-degenerate and degenerate cases- #Applications#:
Stark Effect in the ground state and first excited state of Hydrogen atom
Variation Method: The Variational Principle – Rayleigh-Ritz Method –Ground State of Helium Atom
Time Dependent Perturbation Theory: First Order Perturbation–Harmonic Perturbations-
Transition to Continuum States - Fermi’s Golden Rule
UNIT – IV Angular Momentum and Spin States 18 hours

Raising & lowering operators – Eigen values of J2 and JZ –Angular Momentum Matrices –
Addition of Angular Momenta: Clebsch–Gordan coefficients – Recursion relation for C.G. coefficients
– Computation of C.G. matrix for simple cases [(j1 =½, j2 = 1/2),(j1 = ½,j2 =1)]
Spin angular momentum- spin ½ states -Pauli's spin matrices and their properties- Particle Exchange
Operation - symmetric and antisymmetric wave functions- Construction of symmetric and
antisymmetric wave functions from unsymmetrized wave functions –Pauli’s Exclusion Principle –
Wave function for a particle including spin
UNIT – V Relativistic Wave Equations 18 hours

Klein-Gordon Equation for free particle- Merits and its Demerits-Dirac’s Relativistic Equation
for a free particle-Dirac’s Matrices-Covariant form of Dirac’s Equation-Probability Densities for
charge and current-Plane wave solutions of the Dirac’s Equation- Negative Energy States -Dirac’s
Equation for a particle in a Central Potential– Spin of a Dirac Particle
Text books
T.B 1 P.M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan, A Text Book of Quantum Mechanics,
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,Second edition, 2005.
T.B 2 G. Aruldhas, Quantum Mechanics, PHI, New Delhi,Second Edition, 2009

UNIT II Chapter 2 ,4& 6 Sections 2.10, 2.11, 4.1 - 4.17 & 6.17 T.B 1
UNIT IV Chapter 8 & 13 Sections 8.4 - 8.9 & 13.1 - 13.3 T.B 2
Book for reference:

N. Devanathan, Quantum Mechanics, Narosa Publishing House, Second edition,2005.
SEMESTER III: CORE – XI

STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Objectives:
 To understand the classical and quantum statistics for energy distributions
 To study the kinetic theory of gases and principles of entropy.
UNIT – I Classical Statistics 18 hours

Phase space – #Ensembles# – Liouville’s theorem – statistical equilibrium – partition function
– properties – relation between partition function and thermodynamic quantities – thermo dynamic
probability – principle of equipartition energy – Boltzmann entropy relation.
UNIT - II Kinetic theory 18 hours
Binary collisions – Boltzmann transport equation – Boltzmann’s H-theorem and its analysis –
transport phenomenon – mean free path – zero order approximation – viscosity of a gas – Navier-
Stoke’s equation – Application to incompressible liquids.
UNIT - III Entropy and Thermodynamics 18 hours

Entropy – Principle of increase of entropy – entropy and disorderness – entropy and probability
– Gibb’s paradox – resolution of paradox – Sackur-tetrode equation – thermodynamic potentials and
reciprocity relations – equilibrium conditions (thermal Mechanical and Concentration).
UNIT – IV Quantum statistics 18 hours

Ideal Bose systems – Photon gas – Thermal properties of Bose-Einstein gas – B-E condensation
– B-E degeneracy – Mean energy of Fermions – Electron gas in metals–Thermionic emission work
function – #white dwarfs#.
UNIT – V Advanced Statistical Mechanics 18 hours

Super fluids – Liquid Helium – λ-transition – Tisza’s two fluid model – Pauli’s theory of para
magnetism – general formulation of Ising model – One dimensional Ising model – Critical
phenomenon – order parameter.
Text books
T.B 1 Gupta and Kumar, Statistical Mechanics, 22nd Edition , PragathPrakasan Publication, 2011.
T.B 2 B.K. Agarwal and Melvin Eigner, Statistical Mechanics,New age Publication,
Second Edition,2013.
T.B 3 Kerson Huang, Statistical Mechanics, Wiley India Publication, Second Edition,2013.
UNIT I Chapter 1 & 2 Sections 1.1 - 2.17 T.B 1
UNIT II Chapter 3 - 5 Sections 3.2 - 5.9 T.B 3
UNIT IV Chapter 8 & 9 Sections 8.1- 9.6 T.B 1
UNIT V Chapter 13 - 16 Sections 13.2 - 16.2 T.B 3
Book for reference:

R.K. Pathira& Paul D. Beale, Statistical Mechanics, Elsevier Academic press,Second edition, 2011.
SEMESTER III: CORE – XII

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS - PRACTICAL

Objectives:
 To realize the digital circuits
 To practice the circuit constructions
1. IC Regulated Dual Power Supply

2. Verification of De Morgan’s theorem and simplification of Boolean expressions using
K-Map.
3. Adders and Subtractors using Logic Gates.
4. Counters & Displays.
[0 – 9 counter using IC 7490, 7 segment display using decoder driver 7447 ]
5. Flip flops – RS, JK & D flip flops.
6. Shift register
7. Comparators (1-bit and 2-bit)
8. Multiplexer and Demultiplexer.
1. S.P.Singh, Advanced Practical Physics, A PragathiPrakashan, 1st edition, 2011.

2. C.C. Ouseph, U.J. Rao & V. Vijayendran, Practicalphysics and electronics,
S. Viswanathan, Pvt,Ltd, 2007.
SEMESTER III: CORE – XII

NUMERICAL PROGRAMMING IN PHYSICS - PRACTICAL
Objective:
 To practice the numerical computation for solving scientific application problems using
‘C’ programs.
1. False position method: Roots of a Quadratic equation

2. Newton’s Raphson’s method: Roots of a polynomial equation.
3. Gauss elimination Method: Application to electrical network.
4. Linear Least Squares Fitting: Determination of the charge of an electron.
5. Eigen Values and Eigen vectors of a matrix
6. Determinant of a matrix
7. Evaluation of statistical parameters: Mean deviation, Standard deviation
8. Random number generation – Determination of the value of pi
1. Suresh Chandra, Computer Applications in C, Narosa, Publishing House, New Delhi,

2. E. Balagurusamy, Numerical methods, TataMcGraw Hill, New Delhi,
Second edition, 1999.
SEMESTER III: CORE BASED ELECTIVE– III

SPECIAL ELECTRONICS

Objectives:
 To understand the hardware components and software programming instructions of INTEL

8085, 8086 microprocessors and 8051 microcontroller.
 To understand the concept of interfacing and peripheral devices.
UNIT – I Intel 8085 Microprocessor: Architecture, Instructions and Programming 18 hours

Intel 8085 - Architecture – Pin diagram – #Instruction word size# – Instruction Cycle – Fetch
and Execute operations - Timing diagram – Op-code Fetch – Memory read and write – I/O read and
write.Instruction set – Addressing modes – Intel 8085 instructions – Assembly language program for
addition, subtraction, Multiplication and division–sum of a series of 8-bit numbers – Arrange an array
of data in ascending and descending order – block transfer.
UNIT - II Interfacing and Peripheral Devices 18 hours

Address space partitioning – Memory and I/O Interfacing – Data Transfer schemes – DMA
Data Transfer schemes – Synchronous data transfer - Asynchronous data transfer – #Interrupt driven
data transfer# – Interrupts of Intel 8085.Programmable Peripheral Interface (8255A) – Programmable

Interrupt Controller(8259) – Programmable DMA controller(8257) – Functional block diagram and
modes of operation.
UNIT - III Intel 8086 Microprocessor 18 hours

Introduction - pin functions of 8086 – clock generator – 8086 architecture –timing diagram –
interrupts. Addressing modes – instructions – data transfer, arithmetic, logical, comparative, shift,
rotate, conditional and unconditional branching – push – pop – string data.
Programs: Addition, Subtraction & Factorial.
UNIT – IV 8051 Microcontroller 18 hours

8051 block diagram – program counter and data pointer – A and B CPU registers – PSW –
Internal RAM – the stack and stack pointer – special function register – internal ROM – I/O ports –
counters and timers – serial data I/O – Interrupts – Timer, Serial port, External and Reset.
UNIT – V Assembly Language Instruction and Programming 18 hours

Moving data and applications – address of modes – external data moves – code memory read
only data moves – Push and POP – data exchange – logical operations – byte and bit level operations –
arithmetic operations – Jump and call instructions – Jumps, Calls and return operations -Interfacing
Intelligent LCD – D/A and A/D convertors.
Text books
T.B 1 B.Ram, Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Microcomputers, DhanpatRai Publication Ltd,
Seventh edition, 2011
T.B 2 V.Vijayendran, Fundamental of Microprocessor 8086, SV Printers &Publishers,LTD,
Fifth edition, 2013.
T.B 3 Kenneth Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller, Delmar Learning, First edition, 2005.
UNIT I Chapter 1 & 2 Sections 1.1 - 2.17 T.B 1

UNIT II Chapter 3 - 5 Sections 3.2 - 5.9 T.B 3
UNIT IV Chapter 8 & 9 Sections 8.1 - 9.6 T.B 1
UNIT V Chapter 13 - 16 Sections 13.2 - 16.2 T.B 3
Book for reference:

R.K. Pathira& Paul D. Beale, Statistical Mechanics, Elsevier Academic press,Second edition, 2011.
SEMESTER III: CORE BASED ELECTIVE– III

ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION

Objectives:
 To understand the principles and operations of analog and digital instruments

 To study Signal Generators and Waveform analysis
 To learn the principle of transducers and their classifications
UNIT – I Analog Instruments 18 hours

DC Instruments: PMMC Movement – DC ammeter – Multirange ammeters – #DC
voltmeter# – Multirange DC voltmeter – Sensitivity of Voltmeter.

AC Instruments: AC Voltmeter using half-wave rectifier – Multirange AC voltmeter – Transistor
voltmeter (TVM) – Electronic voltmeter (Solid State m/V)
UNIT - II Digital Instruments 18 hours

Digital Voltmeters: Ramp type digital voltmeter –Dual slop type digital voltmeter –Digital
voltmeter –digital multimeter.
Digital measurements:#Digital frequency meter#– Digital measurement of time – Universal counter
(Timer).
UNIT - III Signal Generators 18 hours

Basic Signal generators: Standard signal generator – Modern laboratory signal generator – AF
sine and square wave generators.
Special signal generators: Function generator – Pulse and square generator – sweep generators –
pattern generator.
UNIT – IV Waveform analysis 18 hours

Basic wave analyser – Frequency selective wave analysers – Heterodyne wave analysers –
Spectrum analysers – Harmonic distortion analysers – Harmonic distortion analysers using a resonance
bridge, Wien bridge and bridged-T method.
UNIT – V Transducers 18 hours

Classification of transducers – Potentiometer – unbounded strain gage – Bonded strain gage foil
type strain gage – Linear variable differential transducer (LVDT) – Rotational variable differential
transducer (RVDT)
Text book:
H.S.Kalsi, Electronic Instrumentation , Learning Materials centre, New Delhi, Second edition, 2002.
UNIT I Chapter 2 Sections 2.4 – 2.41
UNIT II Chapter 3 Sections 3.3 – 3.27
UNIT III Chapter 5 Sections 5.3 – 5.22
UNIT IV Chapter 6 Sections 6.3 – 6.18
UNIT V Chapter 8 Sections 8.42 – 8.51
Book for reference:
P.S.Manoharan, Microprocessors & Microcontrollers, Charulatha Publications, Second edition,2011
SEMESTER III: EXTRA CREDIT – I

NONLINEAR ELECTRONICS
Course Code : 14PPH3EC1 Max.Marks : 100

Hours / Week : -- Internal Marks: --
Credit :5 External Marks: 100
Objectives:
 To understand the concept of nonlinearity its mathematical implications in oscillators.

 To study the characterisation of nonlinear oscillations
 To understand the concepts of Chaos in nonlinear electronics circuits
UNIT- I: Linear and Nonlinear Oscillators

Nonlinearity - Mathematical Implications of Nonlinearity-Linear Superposition Principle-
Effects of Nonlinearity-Linear Oscillators and Predictability: Free Oscillations, Damped Oscillations,
Damped and Forced Oscillations-Nonlinear Oscillators and Bifurcations: Free Oscillations, Damped
Oscillations, Forced Oscillations: Primary Resonance and Jump Phenomenon (Hysteresis), Secondary
Resonances (Subharmonic and Superharmonic), Bifurcations.
UNIT- II: Qualitative Features of Dynamical Systems

Autonomous and Nonautonomous Systems-Equilibrium Points of Dynamical Systems-Phase
Space/Phase Plane and Phase Trajectories: Stability, Attractors and Repellers-Classification of
Equilibrium Points of a Two-Dimensional Dynamical System: General Criteria for Stability - Limit
Cycle Motion- Periodic Attractor- Poincar’e-Bendixson Theorem - Lorenz System - More Complicated
Attractors: Torus, Quasiperiodic Attractor, Poincar’e-Map, Chaotic Attractor.
UNIT- III: Bifurcations and Onset of Chaos in Dissipative Systems

Some Simple Bifurcations: Saddle-Node Bifurcation, The Pitchfork Bifurcation, Transcritical
Bifurcation, Hopf Bifurcation - Discrete Dynamical Systems-The Logistic Map: Equilibrium Points
and their Stability, Periodic Solutions or Cycles, Period Doubling Phenomenon, Onset of Chaos:
Sensitive Dependence on Initial Conditions â€“ Lyapunov Exponent, Bifurcation Diagram-Other
Routes to Chaos: Quasiperiodic Route, Intermittency Route, Type-I Intermittency, Standard
Bifurcations in Maps.
UNIT- IV: Chaos in Dissipative Nonlinear Oscillators and Criteria for Chaos
Bifurcation Scenario in Duffing Oscillator: Period Doubling Route to Chaos, Intermittency
Transition, Quasiperiodic Route to Chaos, Strange Nonchaotic Attractors (SNAs), Lorenz Equations:
Period Doubling Bifurcations and Chaos - Necessary Conditions for Occurrence of Chaos:
Continuous Time Dynamical Systems (Differential Equations), Discrete Time Systems(Maps)
UNIT- V: Chaos in Nonlinear Electronic Circuits

Linear and Nonlinear Circuit Elements - Linear Circuits: The Resonant RLC Circuit - Nonlinear
Circuits –Chua’s Diode - A Simple Practical Implementation of Chua’s Diode -Chua's Oscillator -
Bifurcations and Chaos in Chua's Oscillator –Murali-Lakshmanan-Chua (MLC) Circuit: Experimental
Realization, Stability Analysis, Explicit Analytical Solutions, Experimental and Numerical Studies -
Analog Circuit Simulation of a Duffing Oscillator- Nonlinear Circuits as Dynamical Systems.
Text book:
M. Lakshmanan, S.Rajasekar, Nonlinear Dynamics (Integrability, Chaos and Patterns), Springer, 2002.
UNIT I Chapter 1 &2 Sections 1.1 – 2.3
UNIT II & III Chapter 3& 4 Sections 3.1 – 4.4.4
UNIT IV Chapter5 Sections 5.1 – 5.4.1
UNIT V Chapter6 Sections 6.1 – 6.5
Book for reference:

Govind P. Agarwal, Applications of Nonlinear fibre optics, Academic Press, Newyork, First edition,
1989.
SEMESTER IV: CORE – XIII

SOLID STATE PHYSICS

Objectives:
 To study the structure of crystalline solids

 To study the carrier movement, lattice vibration and thermal property in solids
 To understand the concepts of Free Electron and Band Theory of Solids
 To study the dielectric and super conductivity materials
UNIT-I Crystal Physics 18 hours

Crystals-Crystal lattice and translation vectors -Types of lattices (2D & 3D)-Point group - Space
groups- Lattice direction and planes- Simple crystal structures-Close packed and loose packed
structures- Structure of Diamond, Zinc Blende and Sodium chloride- X-ray diffraction-X-ray
diffraction methods (Laue’s method, Power crystal method)-Reciprocal lattice - #Properties#-
Imperfections in crystals- Point defects - line defects.
UNIT-II Semiconductors, Lattice Vibrations and Thermal Property 18 hours

Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors-General study of carrier movement- Fermi level and
conductivity –Lattice vibrations-One dimensional Monotomic lattice-One dimensional diatomic lattice-
Phonons- Phonon momentum- Lattice heat capacity- Classical theory (Dulong and Petit Law) -
Einstein theory- Debye’s model-Density modes.
UNIT-III Free Electron Theory and Band Theory of Solids 18 hours

Drude - Lorentz’s classical theory of free electron gas – Relation between thermal and electrical
conductivity (Wiedemann-Franz Law) –Free electron Gas in a 1-D - Free electron Gas in a 3-D-
Application of free electron gas model – Bloch theorem –Kronig-Penny model – #velocity and
effective mass of electron#.
UNIT-IV Dielectrics and Magnetism in Solids 18 hours

Polarization and Susceptibility – Local field-Dielectric constant and Polarizability (Clausius-Mosotti
Equation) - Sources of Polarizability - Ferro electricity - Piezo electricity.
Classical and Quantum theory of Dia and Para magnetism- -Weiss theory of ferromagnetism-Hund
rules-Concepts of Domains –Antiferromagnetism-ferrimagnetism
UNIT-V Superconductivity 18 hours

Introduction –The Meissner effect – Soft and hard superconductors –Thermo dynamical and optical
properties – Type -I and Type-II superconductors- London equations – BCS theory- Quantum
tunneling-Josephson tunneling- Theory of DC Josephson effect– Theory of AC Josephson effect- High
Tc super conductors – SQUIDS – critical fields – critical currents –Magnetic levitations.
Text book:
S. O. Pillai,Solid State Physics , New Age International (P) Ltd, Revised 6th Edition, 2008.
UNIT I Chapter 4
UNIT II Chapter 5,7 &10
UNIT III Chapter 6
UNIT IV Chapter 9
UNIT V Chapter 8

1. C.Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics,Wiley Publication,6th Edition, 2008.
2. Gupta, Kumar, Sharma,Solid State Physics, S. Chand & Company Ltd, 4th Edition, 2004.
3. R.K. Puri and V.K. Babbar, Solid State Physics,S. Chand & Company Ltd,5th Edition, 2010 .
SEMESTER IV: CORE – XIV

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER - PRACTICAL

Objective:
 To practice Intel 8085 and Intel 8051 assembly language programs with interfacing circuits
Microprocessor Experiments using Intel 8085

1. Conversion from Decimal to Hexadecimal and vice versa.
2. Interfacing ADC
3. Wave form generation using DAC 0800
4. Interfacing Hex key board
Microcontroller Experiments using Intel 8051
1. Basic Arithmetic Operations
2. Interfacing seven segment display
3. Stepper Motor control
4. Traffic light control
Book for reference:

B.Ram, Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Microcomputers, DhanpatRai Publication, Ltd,
7th edition, 2011.
SEMESTER IV: CORE – XIV

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS IN PHYSICS - PRACTICAL
Objective:
 To practice numerical simulations of Physics principles by scientific programming using

C language.
1. Plotting of Linear Harmonic Oscillator wave functions.

2. Numerical simulation of Beats.
3. Lagrange’s Interpolation: Determination of nuclear energies.
4. Simulation of Brownian motion
5. Simulation of Radioactive decay.
6. Trapezoidal Rule: Simulation of free falling motion of a body.
7. Simpson’s Rule: Motion of a body in a central potential.
8. RK-IV method: Electromagnetic Oscillations in an LCR circuit.
1. Suresh Chandra, Computer Applications in C, Narosa, Publishing House, New Delhi,

2. E. Balagurusamy, Numerical methods, TataMcGraw Hill, New Delhi, Second edition,
1999.
SEMESTER IV: EXTRA CREDIT – II

NON – CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES
Course Code : 14PPH4EC2 Max.Marks : 100

Hours / Week : -- Internal Marks: --
Credit :5 External Marks: 100
Objective:
 To understand the concepts of nonconventional energies resources and their applications
UNIT - I Solar Energy

Introduction – Solar constant – Solar radiation at the earth’s surface – Solar radiation measurements –
Flat-Plate collectors – solar Air heaters – Concentrating collectors – Selective coatings – solar water
heater – Solar Electric power generation – Solar cooker.
UNIT - II Wind Energy & Biomass

Introduction – Principles of wind energy conversion – Power in the Wind – Basic component of a
Wind Energy (WECS) Conversion systems – Classification of WECS – Advantages and Disadvantages
of WECS.
Bio-Mass – Photosynthesis – Bio-gas generation – Types of Bio-gas plants – Bio-gas from plant wastes
Fuel properties of Bio-gas – Advantages and disadvantages.
UNIT - III Geothermal & Ocean Energies

Introduction – Geothermal sources – Hydrothermal resources – Hot dry Rock resources – Magma
resources – Applications of geothermal energy.
OTEC – Open cycle OTEC system – Heat exchangers – Basic principle of Tidal power – merits and
demerits of wave energy.
UNIT – IV Chemical Energy Sources

Fuel cells – Classification – Design and principle of operation – application of fuel cells – Hydrogen
fuel cells – Types – Batteries – Different types of Battery arrangement – Lead-Acid, Nickol-Iron,
Nickel-Cadmium batteries – High temperature batteries – Advantages of Batteries for Bulk energy
storage.
UNIT – V Hydrogen and Nuclear energy source

Hydrogen energy – Production of hydrogen – Hydrogen storage – advantages of hydrogen fuel engines.
Nuclear fission, fusion – Basic Nuclear fusion reaction – Thermo nuclear function reactors.
Text book:
G.D. Rai, Solar energy utilisation, khanna Publishers,5th edition, 2012.
UNIT I Chapter 3, 5, 6, 7, 16
UNIT II & III Chapter 18
UNIT IV Chapter 9
UNIT V Chapter 16
Books for reference :

1. B. H. Khan, Non-ConventionalEnergyResources, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private
Limited, Second Edition, 2013.
2. S.P. Sukhatme& J.K. Nayak ,SolarEnergy ,Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited,
Third Edition, 2010.

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M.Sc.

14PPH1C1 CORE I Classical Dynamics 6 5 40 60 100

14PPH4C13 CORE XIII Solid State Physics 6 5 40 60 100

TOTAL 30 15 120 180 300

GRAND TOTAL 120 90 720 1080 1800

# Core Based Electives

Course Code : 14PPH1C1 Max.Marks : 100

UNIT – I Lagrangian Dynamics 18 hours

UNIT - II Hamiltonian Dynamics 18 hours

UNIT - III Poisson’s Brackets & Hamilton – Jacobi Theory 18 hours

UNIT – IV Small oscillations and Rigid-body dynamics 18 hours

#.............#Self study portion

UNIT I Chapter 2 Sections 2.3-2.11

Books for reference:

Course Code : 14PPH1C2 Max.Marks : 100

UNIT – I Vector Analysis 18 hours

UNIT - II Linear Vector Spaces and Matrices 18 hours

UNIT - III Tensors 18 hours

Cauchy Principal Value -Evaluation of definite integrals [ Integrals of the form ∫ ( , )

Transforms in Solving Differential Equations#

#.............#Self study portion

UNIT I Chapter 1 Sections 1.3.1 - 1.6.8 T.B 1

Book for reference:

B.D. Gupta, Mathematical Physics, Vikas Publications, 3rd edition,2005

SEMESTER I: CORE – III

Course Code : 14PPH1C3 Max.Marks : 100

UNIT – I General properties of Atomic Nucleus 18 hours

UNIT - II Radioactive Decays 18 hours

UNIT - III Nuclear Fission and Fusion 18 hours

UNIT – IV Nuclear reaction 18 hours

UNIT – V Elementary particles 18 hours

Books for reference:

Course Code : 14PPH1C4P1 Max.Marks : 50

1. e/m Thomson method

Course Code : 14PPH1C4P2 Max.Marks : 50

 To develop the skills in measuring physical quantities and determining coefficients

1. Determination of wavelength and Δλ using Michelson’s interferometer.

SEMESTER I: CORE BASED ELECTIVE – I

Course Code : 14PPH1CE1 Max.Marks : 100

UNIT - II Therapeutic Devices 18 hours

UNIT - III Medical Applications of Lasers 18 hours

UNIT – IV Ultrasonic Study of Liquid Mixtures and Solutions 18 hours

UNIT – VApplications of Ultrasound 18 hours

Book for Reference:

SEMESTER I: CORE BASED ELECTIVE – I

Course Code : 14PPH1CE1 Max.Marks : 100

UNIT - II Low Temperature Solution growth 18 hours

#Solution, Solubility and Super solubility# – Expression of Super saturation – Methods of

UNIT - III Other Crystal growth techniques 18 hours

UNIT – IV Methods of Thin film 18 hours

UNIT – V Thin film Analysis 18 hours

Electron Diffraction Technique – Electron Microscopy – Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) –

#..........# Self study portion

Unit I Chapter 2 Sections 2.2 - 2.26 T.B 1

Books for reference:

1. J.W. Mullin, “Crystallization”, Butterworths, London, Second edition, 1972.

SEMESTER II: CORE – V

Course Code : 14PPH2C5 Max.Marks : 100

UNIT - II The Beta, Gamma and special functions 18 hours