04 Tape Corrections PDF

Elementary
El t
Su ey g
Surveying
Tape corrections
Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 3
Correction due to incorrect tape length
• When
When measuring the distance between two
measuring the distance between two
points:
– With a tape too long, add the correction
With a tape too long add the correction
– With a tape too short, subtract the correction
• When laying out a line of desired length:
Wh l i t li f d i d l th
– With a tape too long, subtract the correction
– With a tape too short, add the correction
Corr = TL − NL
⎛ ML ⎞
C I = Corr⎜ ⎟
⎝ NL ⎠
CL = ML ± C I
• A
A rectangular lot was measured using a 50
rectangular lot was measured using a 50‐mm
steel tape which was found out to be 0.025 m
too short If the recorded length and width of
too short. If the recorded length and width of
the lot are 180.455 m and 127.062 m,
respectively determine the following:
respectively, determine the following:
– Actual dimensions of the lot
– Error in area introduced due to the erroneous
Error in area introduced due to the erroneous
length of tape
• A
A building 38 m x 45 m is to be laid out with a
building 38 m x 45 m is to be laid out with a
50‐m long metallic tape. If during
standardization the tape is found to be only
standardization the tape is found to be only
49.950 m, determine the following:
– Dimensions to be laid out, using the tape, in order
Dimensions to be laid out using the tape in order
that the building have the desired dimensions
– Using the same tape what should the diagonals
Using the same tape what should the diagonals
read?
Correction due to slope
• For gentle slopes (less than 20%)
For gentle slopes (less than 20%)
2
h
Ch =
2s
• For steep slopes (between 20% and 30%
h2 h4
Ch = + 3
2 s 8s
• For very steep slopes (greater than 30%)
Ch = s (1− cos θ )
Correction due to alignment
Correction due to alignment
• Considered
Considered of less importance compared to
of less importance compared to
the other errors
• Can be calculated using slope correction
Can be calculated using slope correction
formulas
Correction due to temperature
Correction due to temperature
Ct = αL(T − Ts )
Problem
• A
A steel tape known to be of standard length at
steel tape known to be of standard length at
20oC, is used in laying out a runway 2,500.00
m long If its coefficient of linear expansion is
m long. If its coefficient of linear expansion is
0.0000116/oC, determine the temperature
correction and the correct length to be laid
correction and the correct length to be laid
out when the temperature is 42oC.
Correction due to tension
Correction due to tension
Cp =
( Pm − Ps )L
AE
Problem
• A
A heavy 50
heavy 50‐m m tape having a cross
tape having a cross‐sectional
sectional
area of 0.05 cm2 has been standardized at a
tension of 5 5 kg If E = 2 10 x 106 kg/cm2,
tension of 5.5 kg. If E = 2.10 x 10
determine the elongation of the tape if a pull
of 12 kg is applied
of 12 kg is applied.
Correction due to sag
Correction due to sag
ω L 2 3
Cs = 2
24P
Problem
• A
A 30
30‐mm tape is supported only at the ends and
tape is supported only at the ends and
under a steady pull of 8 kg. If the tape weighs
0 91 kg determine the sag correction and the
0.91 kg, determine the sag correction and the
correct distance between the ends of the
tape.
tape
Correction due to wind
Correction due to wind
• Error
Error due to wind is similar in effect to error
due to wind is similar in effect to error
due to sag
• May be avoided by not conducting survey on a
May be avoided by not conducting survey on a
windy day
Combined corrections (problem)
Combined corrections (problem)
• A line was measured to be 2582.35 m using a 30‐m
g
steel tape supported throughout its length under a pull
of 4 kg. The mean temperature during the
measurement is 35oC. The tape used has a cross‐
measurement is 35 C The tape used has a cross
sectional area of 0.03 square centimeters and has a
standard length at 20oC under a pull of 5 kg. The
modulus of elasticity of the tape is 2 x 10
d l f l f h 6 kg/cm
k / 2 and
d
the coefficient of thermal expansion is 0.0000116/oC.
– Determine the error due to temperature change
Determine the error due to temperature change
– Determine the error due to tension
– Determine the corrected length of the line
More problems
More problems
• A
A slope distance of 465.82m is measured
slope distance of 465 82m is measured
between two points with a slope angle of 12o
35’. What is the corresponding horizontal
35 What is the corresponding horizontal
distance between the points?
• A line measured with a 30‐m steel tape was
A line measured with a 30 m steel tape was
recorded as 325.70m. If the tape is found
30 05m long during standardization what is
30.05m long, during standardization, what is
the correct length of the line?
More problems
More problems
• A rectangular building 250.00m by 130.00m is to be
g g y
laid out with a 30‐m long steel tape. If during
standardization the tape is found to be 30.03m, what
should be the correct length and width to be laid out?
should be the correct length and width to be laid out?
• A line measured with a 50‐m long steel tape was
determined to be 645.22m when the average g
temperature during taping was 15.75oC. If the tape is
of standard length at 20oC and the coefficient of
thermal expansion of steel is 0 0000116/1oC, what is
thermal expansion of steel is 0.0000116/1 C what is
the correct length of the measured line?
More problems
More problems
• A steel tape with a cross‐sectional area of 0.03cm
p 2 is
30.00m long under a pull of 5kg when supported
throughout. It is used in measuring a line 875.63m long
under a steady pull of 10kg Assuming E = 2 0 x 106
under a steady pull of 10kg. Assuming E = 2.0 x 10
kg/cm2, what is the elongation of the tape due to
increase in tension? What is the correct length of the
measured line?
dl
• A 30‐m steel tape weighs 1.05kg and is supported at its
end points and at the 10‐m and 25‐m marks If a pull of
end points and at the 10‐m and 25‐m marks. If a pull of
6.0kg is applied to the ends of the tape, what is the
correction due to sag for a full tape length?
Homework
• Using
Using a 25
a 25‐mm tape, a square lot was measured
tape a square lot was measured
and found to have an area of 1 hectare. If the
total error in area is 4 004 square meter short
total error in area is 4.004 square meter short,
what is the error in each tape length?
Homework
• A
A rectangular lot has a correct area of two
rectangular lot has a correct area of two
hectares. Its length is twice its width. It the
lengths of the sides were measured with a 50‐
lengths of the sides were measured with a 50
m tape that is 0.02 m too long, compute the
error in the area of the lot in square meter
error in the area of the lot in square meter.

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How are tape measurements corrected for an incorrect tape length?

What factors affect the correction due to slope?

Elementary

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