Assessment Knowledge Skill Aptitude Physical Fitness Beliefs Computer

Exam – Source WIKI
A test or examination (informally, exam or evaluation) is an assessment intended to

measure a test-taker's knowledge, skill, aptitude, physical fitness, or classification in many
other topics (e.g., beliefs).[1] A test may be administered verbally, on paper, on a computer, or
in a predetermined area that requires a test taker to demonstrate or perform a set of skills.
Tests vary in style, rigor and requirements. For example, in a closed book test, a test taker is
usually required to rely upon memory to respond to specific items whereas in an open book
test, a test taker may use one or more supplementary tools such as a reference book or
calculator when responding. A test may be administered formally or informally. An example
of an informal test would be a reading test administered by a parent to a child. A formal test
might be a final examination administered by a teacher in a classroom or an I.Q. test
administered by a psychologist in a clinic. Formal testing often results in a grade or a test
score.[2] A test score may be interpreted with regards to a norm or criterion, or occasionally
both. The norm may be established independently, or by statistical analysis of a large number
of participants. An exam is meant to test a persons knowledge or willingness to give time to
manipulate that subject.
A standardized test is any test that is administered and scored in a consistent manner to
ensure legal defensibility.[3] Standardized tests are often used in education, professional
certification, psychology (e.g., MMPI), the military, and many other fields.
A non-standardized test is usually flexible in scope and format, variable in difficulty and
significance. Since these tests are usually developed by individual instructors, the format and
difficulty of these tests may not be widely adopted or used by other instructors or institutions.
A non-standardized test may be used to determine the proficiency level of students, to
motivate students to study, and to provide feedback to students. In some instances, a teacher
may develop non-standardized tests that resemble standardized tests in scope, format, and
difficulty for the purpose of preparing their students for an upcoming standardized test.[4]
Finally, the frequency and setting by which a non-standardized tests are administered are
highly variable and are usually constrained by the duration of the class period. A class
instructor may for example, administer a test on a weekly basis or just twice a semester.
Depending on the policy of the instructor or institution, the duration of each test itself may
last for only five minutes to an entire class period.
In contrasts to non-standardized tests, standardized tests are widely used, fixed in terms of
scope, difficulty and format, and are usually significant in consequences. Standardized tests
are usually held on fixed dates as determined by the test developer, educational institution, or
governing body, which may or may not be administered by the instructor, held within the
classroom, or constrained by the classroom period. Although there is little variability between
different copies of the same type of standardized test (e.g., SAT or GRE), there is variability
between different types of standardized tests.
Any test with important consequences for the individual test taker is referred to as a high-
stakes test.
A test may be developed and administered by an instructor, a clinician, a governing body, or

a test provider. In some instances, the developer of the test may not be directly responsible
for its administration. For example, Educational Testing Service (ETS), a nonprofit
educational testing and assessment organization, develops standardized tests such as the SAT
but may not directly be involved in the administration or proctoring of these tests. As with the
development and administration of educational tests, the format and level of difficulty of the
tests themselves are highly variable and there is no general consensus or invariable standard
for test formats and difficulty. Often, the format and difficulty of the test is dependent upon
the educational philosophy of the instructor, subject matter, class size, policy of the
educational institution, and requirements of accreditation or governing bodies. In general,
tests developed and administered by individual instructors are non-standardized whereas tests
developed by testing organizations are standardized.

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Exam – Source WIKI

A test or examination (informally, exam or evaluation) is an assessment intended to

A test may be developed and administered by an instructor, a clinician, a governing body, or

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