ASME CODE Requirements - Piping

Piping Inspection
The Piping Inspection article provides you with information about the
inspection of piping and piping testing in a construction site, as well as
in operational plants.
This article provides you lots of invaluable information about following

items:
 Inspection and Testing During the Construction Phase

 Inspection and Testing During the Operation Phase
 Piping System Codes and Regulations
 Maintenance and Repairs
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Piping Inspection article, alongside the other linked articles are useful
for Construction Contractors Quality Control Personnel, Second and
Third Party Inspectors, Purchasers, Sellers, Plant Inspectors, HSE
Engineers, Integrity Engineers, Operation and Maintenance Engineers,
and any Other Interested Individuals.
What is the definition of a pipe?
Based on API Code, the definition of pipe is a pressure-tight cylinder

used to convey a fluid or to transmit a fluid pressure.
If you look to the refinery or chemical plant, you can see the jungle of
pipes which are connecting the vessels together. Statistic shows that
40 % of total mechanical failures in the units are because of the
process piping.
This article provides you information about site inspection of process

piping as well as important points on in-service inspection in process
plants.
What is the Process Piping Inspection Requirement at a

Construction Site?
The construction code for process piping is ASME B31.3 Code and it
covers the minimum requirements for design, materials, fabrication,
inspection, testing, and commissioning.
With the above explanation, your inspection and test plan (ITP) for
process piping needs to meet the requirements of ASME B31.3 Code.
ASME B31.3 refers you to the other ASME code sections for some
activities. For example for welding refer to the ASME Code Section IX,
pipe fitting design and selection to the ASME B16.5 and for
Nondestructive testing to ASME Code Section V.
The process piping design and construction is not under the ASME
Code scheme of stamped items.
It means there is not certification for construction contractors by

ASME, and it is the responsibility of owner to select a qualified and
experienced contractor for its process piping construction project.
This is the reason that in the ASME B31.3 code you cannot see the
wording of “Authorized Inspector,” and instead the words “owner
inspector” have been used.
The owner inspector can be the owner's own qualified inspector or the
inspector of a third party inspection company under contract with the
owner.
Throughout the ASME Construction codes, when you see the words
“authorized inspector,” you notice there is an ASME Stamp scheme
there.
Contrary to the ASME B31.3, the ASME B31.1 code for power piping
(boiler external piping) have the ASME stamp scheme. The
construction contractor must be certified by the ASME organization and
must hold the “PP” stamp.
So the wording for inspector in the ASME B31.1 is "authorized

inspector," which means that this person has specific qualifications and
a commission card from NBIC.
For more details, review the Pressure Vessel Certification article. The
certification process for the power piping contractor is similar to the
pressure vessel.
The detail of inspection requirement in the construction field is

addressed in the process piping inspection and test plan.
Inspection and Test Plan for Process Piping
What is In-Service Inspection Requirement for Process Piping?
The In-Service Inspection code for your process piping is API STD 570.
The title of the code is Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection,

Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems.
The other API recommendation practices and codes are also necessary
to be used in conjunction with this Code.
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the Globe. Click Here for More Information
Some of these Recommend Practices are:
 API RP 574 Inspection Practices for Piping System Components,
 API RP 577 Welding Inspection and Metallurgy,

 API RP 571 Damage Mechanism Affecting Fixed Equipment in the
Refining Industry,
 API 578 Material Verification Program for New and Existing Alloy Piping
Systems
ASME construction and referenced code sections also might be used such as
ASME B31.3 and ASME Code Section IX.
For repair, the requirement of API STD 570, or ASME PCC-2 need to be met.
The title of ASME-PCC-2, which was first published in 2006 is: “Repair of
Pressure Equipment and Piping.”
The API 570 Piping Inspectors are qualified persons to do the piping system
inspection.
What are the Important Items in the Piping Inspection?
These are only important points or a summary of points for the process piping in-
service inspection and should not be assumed as the entire piping inspection
procedure.
A piping inspection procedure is a comprehensive document, which need to

cover inspection methods to be employed, equipment and material to be used,
qualification of inspection personnel involved and the sequence of the inspection
activities at the minimum.
You may use the following content as a summary of points for the in-service
inspection of the piping system.
 Creating a piping inventory list indicating the line number, pipe

specification class, rating, schedule, pipe origin location (from) and pipe
destination location (to)
 Creating piping isometric sketches to facilitate inspection and the recording

of corrosion monitoring locations (CMLs)
 Dividing whole unit piping into piping circuits based on process condition
and potential degradation mechanism
 Selecting appropriate NDE techniques for each piping circuit based on the
circuit damage mechanism
 Determination of CMLs points in piping isometric sketches based on the
potential for general or localized corrosion and service specific damage
mechanisms
 Determination of piping service class based consequence of failure and

instruction stated in API 570 or based on the Risk Based Inspection
method.
 Carry out external inspection for corrosion, leaks, previous temporary

repairs, clamps, coating breakdown, insulation damage, vibration,
misalignment, pipe support deterioration specifically in touch points and to
air to soil interface, pipe hanger distortion or breakage and frizz damage
 External thickness measurement on CMLs on each piping circuit
 Corrosion rate calculation based on metal loss in a specific time interval
 Retirement thickness calculation based on the minmium required thickness

and minimum required structural thickness
 Remaining life calculation based on the available thickness for corrosion

and the corrosion rate value
 Determination of piping circuit inspection interval based remaining life

calculation and piping service class
 Determination of piping inspection interval for non-thinning damage

mechanism
 Making supplementary inspection with the proper NDE method for piping
circuits susceptible to creep cracking
circuits susceptible to the creep cracking
circuits susceptible to environmental cracking from Chloride SCC,
Polythionic acid SCC, Caustic SCC, Amine SCC, Carbonate SCC,
Hydrogen blistering and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC), etc.
 Application of other NDE methods if it is necessary:

1. PEC (pulsed eddy current), LRUT (long range UT), LREM (long
range electromagnetics), RT for wall thickness loss, and CUI and
neutron backscatter and infra-red thermography for detection of
wet insulation
2. MT (magnetic particle), WFMT (wet fluorescent magnetic
particle), PT (penetrant testing), EC (eddy current), UT shear
wave, AUT (automated UT), TOFD (time of flight diffraction), RT,
ACFM (alternating current field measurement), AET (acoustic
emission) for investigating cracking
3. Thermography for detection of fouling and hot spots
 Internal inspection in opened flanges for deposition, corrosion, localized

corrosion, erosion, etc.
 Internal inspection of clad or lined piping for disbanding, bulging and

cracking
 Internal inspection of refractory lined piping for erosion, deterioration of

anchors, undercutting of refractory and coke build up behind refractory
 Flange joint inspection for distortion and leakage and flange face
inspection, ring groove and gasket for corrosion, erosion , cracking and
mechanical damage
 Internal inspection of dismantled valve for corrosion, erosion, mechanical

damage and cracking
 Specific attention and internal inspection of critical check valves
 Inspection of injection points for localized corrosion
 Inspection of dead legs for corrosion
 Corrosion under insulation inspection of piping in susceptible temperature

(-12˚ to 175˚ C) either by advance NDT or by removal of insulation and
making visual inspection
 Making appropriate reporting and report keeping and implement proper

system for quick access to the records
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Piping Inspection

This article provides you lots of invaluable information about following

 Inspection and Testing During the Construction Phase

Global TPI Services

What is the definition of a pipe?

Based on API Code, the definition of pipe is a pressure-tight cylinder

This article provides you information about site inspection of process

What is the Process Piping Inspection Requirement at a

It means there is not certification for construction contractors by

So the wording for inspector in the ASME B31.1 is "authorized

The detail of inspection requirement in the construction field is

Inspection and Test Plan for Process Piping

What is In-Service Inspection Requirement for Process Piping?

The title of the code is Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection,

We Provide TPI Inspection Services in Most Industrial Areas Around

Some of these Recommend Practices are:

 API RP 574 Inspection Practices for Piping System Components,

 API RP 577 Welding Inspection and Metallurgy,

What are the Important Items in the Piping Inspection?

A piping inspection procedure is a comprehensive document, which need to

 Creating a piping inventory list indicating the line number, pipe

 Creating piping isometric sketches to facilitate inspection and the recording

 Determination of piping service class based consequence of failure and

 Carry out external inspection for corrosion, leaks, previous temporary

 External thickness measurement on CMLs on each piping circuit

 Corrosion rate calculation based on metal loss in a specific time interval

 Retirement thickness calculation based on the minmium required thickness

 Remaining life calculation based on the available thickness for corrosion

 Determination of piping circuit inspection interval based remaining life

 Determination of piping inspection interval for non-thinning damage

 Application of other NDE methods if it is necessary:

 Internal inspection in opened flanges for deposition, corrosion, localized

 Internal inspection of clad or lined piping for disbanding, bulging and

 Internal inspection of refractory lined piping for erosion, deterioration of

 Internal inspection of dismantled valve for corrosion, erosion, mechanical

 Specific attention and internal inspection of critical check valves

 Inspection of injection points for localized corrosion

 Inspection of dead legs for corrosion

 Corrosion under insulation inspection of piping in susceptible temperature

 Making appropriate reporting and report keeping and implement proper

- See more at: http://www.inspection-for-industry.com/piping-

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