Tahmid's blog: AC Power Control with Thyristor: Phase Angle Control... http://tahmidmc.blogspot.it/2013/06/power-control-with-thyristor-phas...

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Tahmid's blog: AC Power Control with Thyristor: Phase Angle Control... http://tahmidmc.blogspot.it/2013/06/power-control-with-thyristor-phas...

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Tahmid's blog: AC Power Control with Thyristor: Phase Angle Control... http://tahmidmc.blogspot.it/2013/06/power-control-with-thyristor-phas...

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III. This is what I meant when I mentioned that we’re driving only in quadrants I and III.

3 di 14 24/05/17, 17:15
Tahmid's blog: AC Power Control with Thyristor: Phase Angle Control... http://tahmidmc.blogspot.it/2013/06/power-control-with-thyristor-phas...

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control as phase angle control requires drive after zero-crossing. For guaranteeing that the triac is latched, the LED side of the MOC3021 must be
driven with at least 15mA current. The maximum current rating for the LED is 60mA. The peak current rating for the triac is 1A. You should find that we
have stayed within these limits in the design.

Here’s the output waveform:

Fig. 3 - Triac firing with 2 ms delay

Green: Input AC
Yellow: AC Output after phase angle control
Pink: Gate Drive signal

You can clearly see that before the gate driving signal is applied, there is no output (illustrated by the flat yellow line).When the gate driving signal is
applied, the triac turns on. There is an output and the triac stays on till the next zero crossing. After this again, there is no output till the next gate drive
signal is applied.

Now I’ll show you a few more waveforms, with other initial delays.

Here, the gate is driven 1ms after the zero-crossing:

Fig. 4 - Triac firing with 1 ms delay

Green: Input AC
Yellow: AC Output after phase angle control
Pink: Gate Drive signal

4 di 14 24/05/17, 17:15
Tahmid's blog: AC Power Control with Thyristor: Phase Angle Control... http://tahmidmc.blogspot.it/2013/06/power-control-with-thyristor-phas...

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Fig. 5 - Triac firing with 4 ms delay

Green: Input AC
Yellow: AC Output after phase angle control
Pink: Gate Drive signal

Here, the gate is driven 5ms after the zero-crossing:

Fig. 6 - Triac firing with 5 ms delay

Green: Input AC
Yellow: AC Output after phase angle control
Pink: Gate Drive signal

Here, the gate is driven 6ms after the zero-crossing:

5 di 14 24/05/17, 17:15
Tahmid's blog: AC Power Control with Thyristor: Phase Angle Control... http://tahmidmc.blogspot.it/2013/06/power-control-with-thyristor-phas...

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Fig. 7 - Triac firing with 6 ms delay

Green: Input AC
Yellow: AC Output after phase angle control
Pink: Gate Drive signal

Now, to finish things off, I’ll show you how to find the RMS value of the output voltage.

We first need to know how to relate the firing delay with firing angle. We know that one complete sine wave is 360°. That is 2π radians. We then need to
know that the firing angle α = ωt, where ω = 2πf. Since, we’re working with 50Hz here, f=50Hz. Thus, ω = 100π. Just to test this relationship, let’s use t
= 0.020 seconds (20ms). Thus α = 100π * 0.020 = 2π, as told before.

So, if we’re firing at a delay of 4ms, that is 4ms after the zero crossing, the firing angle α = 100 π * (4/1000) = 0.4 π (in radians obviously).

The RMS output voltage is found from the relationship:

So, if we are firing after 4ms, (α = 0.4 π), the output RMS voltage is:

Remember, at the beginning, I mentioned that the voltage output is not linearly correlated with the firing angle? This is what I meant. Here, the delay is
4ms. So, the triac is on for 60% of the cycle. But the output RMS voltage is 183.2V - 83% of the input voltage. The lack of direct proportionality is evident
here. The reason behind this is the shape of the AC - sinusoidal.

Now, I give you the task of finding the RMS voltage for the other cases mentioned in this tutorial.

If you want to then find power, you can use the relationship P = V2/R to find the power. The assumption here is that the resistance is constant, as was
assumed at the beginning of the tutorial. If the resistance is not constant, power will still vary will resistance, just not directly proportionally.

Here in this article, I’ve talked about phase angle control with some background information on triacs. I’ve shown how to implement phase angle control
with a PIC and also how to calculate the RMS voltage of the output. I hope I’ve been able to explain this extremely important topic to you clearly and
hope that you can now successfully build your own power control circuits using phase angle control with triacs.

Reference Book:
One of the best books for understanding the theory behind phase angle control is "POWER ELECTRONICS - CIRCUITS, DEVICES AND
APPLICATIONS" by Muhammad H. Rashid. If you want to learn more about thyristors or phase angle control, I recommend reading this book for more
info.

Posted by Tahmid at 6:26 AM

6 di 14 24/05/17, 17:15
Tahmid's blog: AC Power Control with Thyristor: Phase Angle Control... http://tahmidmc.blogspot.it/2013/06/power-control-with-thyristor-phas...

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One of the best and useful tutorial on AC Power Control by phase angle manipulation with Micro controller. Very useful and crystal clear
explanation. Better contents than any book I read so far. Thanks.

Reply

kelechi henry November 4, 2013 at 7:22 AM

THANKS ALOT MAN! AM GRATEFUL

Reply

Obrown November 9, 2013 at 7:16 AM

please tahmid i need your idea in implementing the adjustment of the phase angle with an IR signal, am looking to design an IR remote
controlled fan regulator

Reply

Replies

MOHAN KRISHNA EJJAGIRI April 20, 2016 at 4:50 AM

me too bro...i am also doing the the same project using ir remote control..please help me bro

Reply

Anonymous November 10, 2013 at 4:57 PM

could you please give data about the voltage source like what u have taken 220 v, 50 hz and other objects data

Reply

Anonymous November 11, 2013 at 12:20 PM

i am not getting the same output as you are getting i have taken everything same as you,
i am getting this error
[spice] transient GMAN stepping at time = 0.00296
[spice] transient GMAN stepping at time = 0.00296
[spice] TRAN: time step too small; time step = 1.25e-019: trouble with instance U1 W1
what might be the possible mistake

Reply

Anshuman Chandel December 2, 2013 at 4:28 AM

Hi, very nice blog and full of informations, first of all very thanks for this. Sir I need to learn microcontroller programming and electronics part for
doing small projects in power and solar control, I have purchased Art of electronics, TI-MSP430 Launchpad and STM8-Discovery kit for this
from my research. Can you please guide me how to start, just a small push so that my flight can take off!

Reply

Sơn Hồ Xuân December 31, 2013 at 10:09 PM

Hi ! Tahmid. With circuit simulate on protues of you. I added display LCD section. LCD was displayed, but output signal in PD.B0 don't appear
as my desire. I used your code program and add my code for LCD as following:
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
unsigned char FlagReg;
sbit ZC at FlagReg.B0;

sbit LCD_RS at RC4_bit;

sbit LCD_EN at RC5_bit;
sbit LCD_D4 at RC0_bit;
sbit LCD_D5 at RC1_bit;
sbit LCD_D6 at RC2_bit;
sbit LCD_D7 at RC3_bit;

sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISC4_bit;

sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISC5_bit;
sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISC0_bit;
sbit LCD_D5_Direction at TRISC1_bit;
sbit LCD_D6_Direction at TRISC2_bit;
sbit LCD_D7_Direction at TRISC3_bit;
// End LCD module connections

7 di 14 24/05/17, 17:15
Tahmid's blog: AC Power Control with Thyristor: Phase Angle Control... http://tahmidmc.blogspot.it/2013/06/power-control-with-thyristor-phas...

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}
}
char dulieu0[]="MOI BAN DEN";
char dulieu1[]="dientublog";
char dulieu2[]=".blogspot.com";
void main() {
PORTC = 0;
TRISC = 0x00;
PORTB = 0;
TRISB = 0x01;
PORTD = 0;
TRISD = 0;
OPTION_REG.INTEDG = 0;
INTCON.INTF = 0;
INTCON.INTE = 1;
INTCON.GIE = 1;
if (ZC){
PORTD.B0 = 1;
delay_ms(1);
PORTD.B0 = 0;
ZC = 0;
}
do
{
for(n=0;n<500;n++)
{
Lcd_Init();
Lcd_Cmd(_lcd_clear);
Lcd_Cmd(_lcd_cursor_off);
Lcd_Out(1,1,dulieu0);
Delay_ms(2);
Lcd_Cmd(_lcd_clear);
Lcd_Cmd(_lcd_cursor_off);
Lcd_Out(1,1,dulieu1);
Lcd_Out(2,4,dulieu2);
Delay_ms(2);
}
} while(1);

}
Can you help me repair it ? Thank you so much...!!!

Reply

Sơn Hồ Xuân January 2, 2014 at 9:40 AM

help me Tahmid...please...!!!

Reply

Obrown January 5, 2014 at 4:19 PM

tahmid please how do I implement for inductive loads such as fan?

Reply

Replies

Tahmid July 21, 2014 at 10:34 PM

The principle is the same as in this case. However, the formula for output voltage that I've presented is not applicable since the
output voltage will not be of the same shape as I've shown here due to the nature of the inductive load.

Kamal Bisht November 29, 2014 at 1:45 AM

Tahmid can u pls give me the formulae of output voltage calculation for inductive loads...kindly reply me asap...its really urgent

Reply

Anonymous January 20, 2014 at 6:53 PM

@Obrown - Phase angle control can be used for fans, although soft-start is additionally useful during start-up to minimise in-rush current loads.
See http://nuwaveproducts.com/blog/2012/01/19/when-to-use-phase-angle-control-vs-time-proportioning-and-soft-start-soft-change/

8 di 14 24/05/17, 17:15