PLC Programming 42.

PLC Programming Rules #1-3 PLC Programming Rules #4-5

1)Ladder diagrams are drawn vertically with 4) An individual physical input device (limit
inputs on the left and outputs on the right. switch, push-
push-button, pressure switch, etc.)
may be used _______________________
2)Each rung of the ladder has ____________
_________________ on the ladder diagram
_______________ output.
in both N.O. and N.C. configurations.
3)An individual output device can appear on 5) Internal contacts of the PLC are
the ladder diagram only _____________. represented as conventional control relays
and contacts.

PLC Programming Rules #6-8 “OR” Connections

6) Control relay coils (outputs) appear on the
ladder diagram __________________.
7) Control relay contacts are inputs and may
be used as many times as necessary on the
ladder diagram in both N.O. and
N.C.configurations.
8) Any rung of the ladder diagram may be
"OR"ed with a following rung at ________ Invalid “OR” Valid “OR”
Connections
___________________________. Connections

General Logic Design Basic Logic Design

► What conditions _____________________
N.O. functions to activate
Ci to turn on output Yi?
Sequence
the control relay interlocks ƒ Use these conditions in series to activate the
control relay Ci
► What happens to turn output Yi ________?
Ci
N.C. functions
to deactivate
the control relay ƒ Use these conditions in parallel to deactivate
the control relay Ci
Ci Yi
► Use safety interlocks to ____________
_________________ simultaneous outputs
Safety interlocks
 PLC Programming 42.2

PLC In-Class Problem #1 PLC Wiring Diagram

Retracted Extended +120VAC Inputs +120VAC
Outputs
Start-A Sol-A
X0 Y0
LS-1
Sol B LS-2 LS-1 Sol-B
Sol A X1
LS-2 Y1
Directional control valve,
double solenoid activated X2
Start-B
X3
Hydraulic Pressure relief
valve
pump

Task Description – IC #1
► If the cylinder is fully retracted,
retracted, pressing
either pushbutton will fully extend the
cylinder (by activating Sol. B).
► If the cylinder is fully extended,
extended, pressing
either pushbutton will fully retract the
cylinder (by activating Sol. A).
► Once the cylinder reaches either the fully
extended or fully retracted position, “center
the valve” by turning off both solenoids to
unload the pump.
 PLC Programming 42.3

PLC In-Class Problem #2 Task Description – IC #2

Fill Pump ► When the “Fill” button is pressed, run the
Fill Pump until Float Switch #1 is activated
or the Stop button is pressed
Float
Switch #1
Recycled ► When the “Empty” button is pressed and
Oil
Float Switch #2 is activated, run the Empty
Tank
Pump until Float Switch #2 is
Empty Pump
de-
de-activated or the Stop button is pressed
Float
Switch #2

PLC Wiring Diagram – IC #2

+120VAC Inputs +120VAC
Outputs
Fill Fill Pump
X4 Motor
FS#1 Y2 MS
X5
FS#2 Empty
X6 Pump
Stop Motor
X7 Y3 MS
Empty
X10
 PLC Programming 42.4

PLC Design Tips #1 & 2 PLC Design Tips #3 & 4

►Control relays almost always use a
►Dedicate control relays for specific
functions (such as starting the system, holding circuit, so design in terms of
activating a solenoid, etc.) both a “turn ON” and a “turn OFF”
rung with an “OR” connection
►Control relays are essentially “free”
between them.
once a programmable controller has
►Note that some circuits will require
been purchased, so don’t be miserly!
multiple rungs for turning ON or OFF,
which must be connected through the
OR structure.

PLC Design Tips #5 & 6

► Beabsolutely certain that any holding circuit
formed will be actively turned off by your
system.
ƒ Do not depend on a power shutdown to release
and holding circuits.
► Providesafety interlocks either on the “turn
ON” rung before the control relay or on the
associated solenoid activation rung.