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Assignment # 2 (ChE 501 SP)

This document outlines 4 numerical problems related to separation processes for an assignment in the course ChE-501 Separation Processes. The problems involve calculating flows and recoveries for processes extracting aluminum sulfate, uranyl nitrate, and citric acid using techniques like countercurrent washing, solvent extraction, and equilibrium stages. Students are asked to determine quantities like flows, recoveries, and number of stages needed to achieve a given level of extraction.

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Shawala Azhar
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404 views1 page

Assignment # 2 (ChE 501 SP)

This document outlines 4 numerical problems related to separation processes for an assignment in the course ChE-501 Separation Processes. The problems involve calculating flows and recoveries for processes extracting aluminum sulfate, uranyl nitrate, and citric acid using techniques like countercurrent washing, solvent extraction, and equilibrium stages. Students are asked to determine quantities like flows, recoveries, and number of stages needed to achieve a given level of extraction.

Uploaded by

Shawala Azhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment # 1 (Deadline: 2nd October 2019)

ChE-501: Separation Processes


M.Sc. Chemical Engineering 2019 Session

Solve the following numerical Problems (Assessment as a part of CLO1)

Q#1: Aluminum sulfate (alum) is produced as an aqueous solution from bauxite ore by reaction with aqueous sulfuric acid,
followed by three-stage, countercurrent washing to separate soluble aluminum sulfate from the insoluble content of the bauxite,
which is then followed by evaporation. In a typical process, 40,000 kg/day of solid bauxite containing 50 wt% Al 2O3 and 50%
inert is crushed and fed with the stoichiometric amount of 50 wt% aqueous sulfuric acid to a reactor, where the Al 2O3 is reacted
completely to alum by:
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
The slurry from the reactor (digester), consisting of solid inert material from the ore and an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate,
is then fed to a three-stage, countercurrent washing unit to separate the aqueous aluminum sulfate from the inert material. If the
solvent is 240,000 kg/day of water and the underflow from each washing stage is 50 wt% water on a solute-free basis, compute
the flows in kg/day of aluminum sulfate, water, and inert solid in the product streams leaving the cascade. What is the recovery of
the aluminum sulfate? Would addition of one stage be worthwhile?

Q#2: A 20 wt% solution of uranyl nitrate (UN) in water is to be treated with tributyl phosphate (TBP) to remove 90% of the
uranyl nitrate in batchwise equilibrium contacts. Assuming water and TBP are mutually insoluble, how much TBP is required for
100 g of solution if, at equilibrium, (g UN/g TBP) ¼ 5.5(g UN/g H2O) and: (a) all the TBP is used at once in one stage; (b) half is
used in each of two consecutive stages; (c) two countercurrent stages are used; (d) an infinite number of crosscurrent stages is
used; and (e) an infinite number of countercurrent stages is used?

Q#3: A clarified broth from fermentation of sucrose using Aspergillus niger consists of 16.94 wt% citric acid, 82.69 wt%
water, and 0.37 wt% other solutes. To recover citric acid, the broth would normally be treated first with calcium hydroxide to
neutralize the acid and precipitate it as calcium citrate, and then with sulfuric acid to convert calcium citrate back to citric acid.
To avoid the need for calcium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, U.S. Patent 4,251,671 describes a solvent-extraction process using
N,N-diethyldodecanamide, which is insoluble in water and has a density of 0.847 g/cm3. In a typical experiment at 30_C, 50 g of
20 wt% citric acid and 80 wt% water was contacted with 0.85 g of amide. The resulting organic phase, assumed to be in
equilibrium with the aqueous phase, contained 6.39 wt% citric acid and 2.97 wt% water. Determine: (a) the partition
(distribution) coefficients for citric acid and water, and (b) the solvent flow rate in kg/h needed to extract 98% of the citric acid
in 1,300 kg/h of broth using five countercurrent, equilibrium stages, with the partition coefficients from part (a), but ignoring the
solubility of water in the organic phase. In addition, (c) propose a series of subsequent steps to produce near-pure citric acid
crystals. In part (b), how serious would it be to ignore the solubility of water in the organic phase?

Q#4: The uranyl nitrate (UN) in 2 kg of a 20 wt% aqueous solution is extracted with 500 g of tributyl phosphate. Using the
equilibrium data in Exercise 5.9 (Text Book), calculate and compare the % recoveries for the following alternative procedures:
(a) a single-stage batch extraction; (b) three batch extractions with 1/3 of the total solvent used in each batch (solvent is
withdrawn after contacting the entire UN phase); (c) a two-stage, cocurrent extraction; (d) a three-stage, countercurrent
extraction; (e) an infinite-stage, countercurrent extraction; and (f) an infinite-stage, crosscurrent extraction.

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