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    Surge Tank Design Calculation & Analysis

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    Chris Angelo G Caadlawon
    This document analyzes the design of a surge tank to regulate water flow from a headrace pipe with a design discharge of 3.04 m3/s and head of 1250 m. Calculations are shown to determine the minimum required cross-sectional area of 0.72 m2 and diameter of 8.2 m for the surge tank. Graphs plot the maximum up and down surge levels over time for instantaneous load rejection cases, showing the surge level remains between the weir water level and maximum up surge level of 1.2 m.

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    Surge Tank Design Calculation & Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Chris Angelo G Caadlawon
    1K views9 pages
    This document analyzes the design of a surge tank to regulate water flow from a headrace pipe with a design discharge of 3.04 m3/s and head of 1250 m. Calculations are shown to determine the minimum required cross-sectional area of 0.72 m2 and diameter of 8.2 m for the surge tank. Graphs plot the maximum up and down surge levels over time for instantaneous load rejection cases, showing the surge level remains between the weir water level and maximum up surge level of 1.2 m.

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    Surge Tank surge Analysis

    Original Title

    Surge Tank Surge Analysis

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    This document analyzes the design of a surge tank to regulate water flow from a headrace pipe with a design discharge of 3.04 m3/s and head of 1250 m. Calculations are shown to determine the minimum required cross-sectional area of 0.72 m2 and diameter of 8.2 m for the surge tank. Graphs plot the maximum up and down surge levels over time for instantaneous load rejection cases, showing the surge level remains between the weir water level and maximum up surge level of 1.2 m.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views9 pages

    Surge Tank Design Calculation & Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Chris Angelo G Caadlawon
    This document analyzes the design of a surge tank to regulate water flow from a headrace pipe with a design discharge of 3.04 m3/s and head of 1250 m. Calculations are shown to determine the minimum required cross-sectional area of 0.72 m2 and diameter of 8.2 m for the surge tank. Graphs plot the maximum up and down surge levels over time for instantaneous load rejection cases, showing the surge level remains between the weir water level and maximum up surge level of 1.2 m.

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    SURGE TANK DESIGN CALCULATION & ANALYSIS

    Design Data:
    W.W.L.= 688 masl Weir Water Level
    Qd= 3.04 m3/s Design Discharge
    Hl = 1250 m Headrace Length
    ØHt = 1.1 m Headrace Pipe Inside Diameter
    AHt = 0.95 m2 Headrace Pipe Area
    Vo = 3.2 m/s Headrace flow Velocity
    2
    V /2g= 0.522
    R= 0.275
    n= 0.012

    Minimum Cross Section Area by (THOMAS CRITERION):


    Asmin= [(Hl*AHT)/(Hlmin*(H-Hlmin)]*(v2/2g)

    FRICTION HEADLOSS
    2 2 4/3
    ∆h= (V o *n *HL)/(R )
    Hlmin= 10.31 m

    H= 184 m Gross Head


    Hnet= 173.69 m

    Asmin= 0.36 m2
    Asmin= 0.72 m2 WITH F.S. OF 2

    USING SURGE TANK SIZE:


    ØSt = 8.2
    ASt = 52.81 m2 (ABOVE MIN.)

    Maximum Up Surge for Instatenous Load Rejection Case


    (Up Surge as per Charles Jaeger's Equation:)
    Zmax= Vo* √[(Hl*A Ht )/(g*A st) ]
    Po= Hf/Zmax
    2
    Zup= Zmax* (1-2/3Po + 1/9Po )

    Qd Qd .9Qd .8Qd .7Qd .6Qd .5Qd .4Qd


    hf= 10.31 8.35 6.60 5.05 3.71 2.58 1.65
    Zmax= 4.845 4.36 3.876 3.391 2.907 2.422 1.938
    Po= 2.127 1.915 1.702 1.489 1.276 1.064 0.851
    Zup= 0.41 0.57 0.726 0.86 0.96 1.009 0.994

    PERIOD OF MASS OSCILLATION


    T= 2 π √[(Hl*A st )/(g*A Ht )]
    T= 528.806 sec
    T= T/4 time of max. Surge
    T= 132.2015 sec

    SURGE LEVEL AT TIME (t)


    z= -Z*sin(2 π /T)*t
    MAXIMUM UP SURGE FOR
    z Elev. t INSTATENOUS LOAD REJECTION
    -4.845 683.155 0 689
    0.049 688.049 10 688
    0.268 688.268 60 687
    ELEVATION (m)

    0.38 688.38 100 686


    0.406 688.406 120 685

    0.408 688.408 140 684

    0.388 688.388 160 683

    0.346 688.346 180 682

    0.284 688.284 200 681

    0.07 688.07 250 680

    -0.168 687.832 300


    time (sec)
    -0.349 687.651 350
    -0.41 687.59 400 WEIR WATER LEVEL SURGE LEVEL
    -0.231 687.769 478.522

    (Up Surge as per IS 7396)


    (L/2g фβ*β*Vo*Vo) - Zm/βVo * Vo - [(L/2gфβ*βVo*Vo)*(e-2gф/L)*(Zm+βVo*Vo) ]= 0
    where:
    ф= Ast/Aht
    ф= 55.589
    2
    β= hf/V
    β= 1.007

    try Zm= 1.2 Max. Up surge level


    -0.006 = 0
    SURGE LEVEL AT TIME (t)
    z Elev. t MAXIMUM UP SURGE FOR
    -4.845 683.155 0 INSTATENOUS LOAD REJECTION
    0.142 688.142 10
    0.785 688.785 60
    690
    689
    1.113 689.113 100 688
    1.187 689.187 120

    ELEVATION (m)
    687
    1.195 689.195 140 686

    1.135 689.135 160 685

    1.012 689.012 180 684


    683
    0.831 688.831 200
    682
    0.204 688.204 250 681
    -0.493 687.507 300 680
    -1.021 686.979 350
    -1.199 686.801 400 time (sec)
    -0.675 687.325 478.522
    WEIR WATER LEVEL SURGE LEVEL

    Maximum Down Surge for Instatenous Load Rejection Case

    (Down Surge as per Calame & Gaden Equation:)


    when: Po < 0.8
    Po= 2.127

    Zdn= Zmax + Po/8


    Zdn= 5.110875 m

    (Down Surge as per E. Braun Equation)


    Zdn= Po/2 + √[(Po/2)^2-0.8*Po*Zmax+Zmax^2]
    Zdn= 5.108 m

    (Down Surge as per Ph. Forhchheimer Equation)


    Zdn= 0.178*Po+ √[(0.178*Po)^2+Zmax^2]
    Zdn= 5.238 m
    .3Qd .2Qd .1Qd
    0.93 0.41 0.10
    1.453 0.969 0.484
    0.638 0.425 0.213
    0.901 0.714 0.418

    P SURGE FOR
    LOAD REJECTION

    SURGE LEVEL

    )*(Zm+βVo*Vo) ]= 0
    P SURGE FOR
    LOAD REJECTION

    SURGE LEVEL

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