2ND FLOOR SLABS

A. DESIGN LOADS:

fc’= 20.70 MPa

Fy = 414.00 MPa

Es = 200,000 MPa

Floor Live Load = 1916.00 N/sq. m

Floor Finishing = 1100.00 N/sq. m

Ceiling & Miscellaneous = 720.00 N/sq. m

Wt. of concrete = 2350 N/cu. m

B. ANALYSIS:

I. SLAB 1
𝑆 1.5
𝑚=𝐿= 5
= 0.3 < 0.5

∴ 𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏

Minimum Thickness of Slab

𝑙 1500
ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 24 = 24
= 62.5𝑚𝑚

Try 65 mm,
Loads
Deadload:
𝐷𝐿𝑐 = 𝛾𝑐 (𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏) = 23.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 (0.065 𝑚)
𝐷𝐿 = 1.100 + 0.72 + 23.5(0.065)
𝐷𝐿 = 3.35 𝑘𝑃𝑎
 Liveload:
𝐿𝐿 = 1.916 𝑘𝑃𝑎

Consider 1m strip of slab

𝑊𝐷 = 3.35 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 (1𝑚) = 3.35 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

𝑊𝐿 = 1.916 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 (1𝑚) = 1.916 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

∴ WU = 1.2D + 1.6L (LRFD 203-2 NSCP 2010)

WU = 1.2(3.35) + 1.6(1.916) = 7.09 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
Maximum Moment @ fixed end
𝑀𝑈 = 𝑊𝑈𝐿2 ⁄3 = 7.09 (1.5)2 /3 = 5.32 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
Maximum Moment @ free end
𝑀𝑈 = 𝑊𝑈𝐿2 ⁄6 = 7.09 (1.5)2 /6 = 2.66 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

Effective depth
Using 10 mm ∅
d = h – concrete covering – ½ (main bar diameter)
d = 65mm – 20mm – ½ (10mm)
d = 40 mm, b = 1m = 1000mm

Required 𝝆
[𝑀𝑈 = ∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑2 ] ; Mu = 5.32 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
𝑀𝑈 5.32𝑥106
𝑅𝑛 = ∅𝑏𝑑 2
= 0.9 (1000) (40)2
= 3.69 𝑀𝑃𝑎
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 2𝑅𝑛
ρ= [1 − √1 − 0.85𝑓′ 𝑐 ]
𝑓𝑦

ρ = 0.010
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝛽1 (600)
ρb = 1; 𝛽 = 0.85
𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦)
0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)
ρb = 414(600+414)
ρb = 0.02138
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏
= 0.75(0.02138)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.016
ρmin = 1.4/fy
choose bigger of
ρmin = the solved ρmin √fc′/4fy
1.4 1.4
= 414 = 0.0038
fy

√fc′ √20.7
= = 0.0027
4fy 4(414)

ρmin = 0.0038

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 < 𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥

∴ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜌 = 0.010
 Required Main Bar Spacing

As = ρbd = 0.010 (1000) (35)

As = 350 𝑚𝑚2

Use 10mm ∅ bars

𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 𝜋⁄4 (10)2 = 78.54𝑚𝑚2

𝑆1 = 𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 ⁄𝐴𝑠 X 1000

𝑆1 = 78.54⁄350 X 1000

𝑆1 = 224.40𝑚𝑚 ≈ 220mm

Spacing of Bars according to the NSCP Code of 2010

a) 𝑆1 = 220𝑚𝑚
choose smaller of
b) 3 𝑥 ℎ = 3 𝑥 65 = 195𝑚𝑚
the solved spacing
c) 450𝑚𝑚

Use 195 mm spacing of bars

II. SLAB 2
𝑆 3.5
𝑚= = = 0.70 > 0.5
𝐿 5

∴ 𝑇𝑤𝑜 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏

Minimum Thickness of Slab
Min. Thickness = Perimeter of Panel / 180
Min. Thickness = (3.5+5) (2) / 180
Min. Thickness = 94.44mm ≈ 100mm

Try 100mm,
Loads
Deadload:
𝐷𝐿𝑐 = 𝛾𝑐 (𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏) = 23.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 (0.10 𝑚)
𝐷𝐿 = 1.100 + 0.72 + 23.5(0.10)
𝐷𝐿 = 4.17 𝑘𝑃𝑎
Liveload:
 𝐿𝐿 = 1.916 𝑘𝑃𝑎

Consider 1m strip of slab

𝑊𝐷 = 4.17 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 (1𝑚) = 4.17 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

𝑊𝐿 = 1.916 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 (1𝑚) = 1.916 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

∴ WU = 1.2D + 1.6L (LRFD 203-2 NSCP 2010)

WU = 1.2(4.17) + 1.6(1.916) = 8.07 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

Case 5

Negative Moments
Ca = 0.087
Cb = 0.087
Ma = CaWuLa2
-𝐌𝐚 = (0.087)(8.07)(3.5)2 = 𝟖. 𝟔𝟎 𝐤𝐍. 𝐦
Mb = CbWuLb2
-𝐌𝐛 = (0.087)(8.07)(5)2 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟓𝟓 𝐤𝐍. 𝐦

Positive Moments
Deadload
Ca (DL) = 0.035
Cb (DL) = 0.005
Liveload
Ca (LL) = 0.051
Cb (LL) = 0.011

Short Direction
+Ma (DL) = CaWuLa2 = 0.035 (4.17) (3.5)2 = 1.79 kN. m
+Ma (LL) = CaWuLa2 = 0.051 (1.916) (3.5)2 = 1.20 kN. m
+Ma = [+Ma (DL)] + [+Ma (LL)] = 1.79 + 1.20 = 2.99 𝐤𝐍. 𝐦
Long Direction
+Mb (DL) = CaWuLa2 = 0.005 (4.17) (5)2 = 0.52 kN. m
+Mb (LL) = CaWuLa2 = 0.011 (1.916) (5)2 = 0.53 kN. m
+Mb = [+Mb (DL)] + [+Mb (LL)] = 0.52 + 0.53 = 1.05 𝐤𝐍. 𝐦

Along Short Direction

Clear Bar Cover = 20mm
Main Reinforcing Bar = 12mm Ø
d = 100 – 20 – 12/2 = 74 mm

@ Midspan
[𝑀𝑈 = ∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑2 ] ; Mu = 2.99 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
𝑀𝑈 2.99𝑥106
𝑅𝑛 = ∅𝑏𝑑 2
= 0.9 (1000) (74)2
= 0.61 𝑀𝑃𝑎

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 2𝑅𝑛
ρ= [1 − √1 − 0.85𝑓′ 𝑐 ]
𝑓𝑦

ρ = 0.0031

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝛽1 (600)

ρb = ; 𝛽1 = 0.85
𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦)
0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)
ρb = 414(600+414)

ρb = 0.02138
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏
= 0.75(0.02138)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.016

ρmin = 1.4/fy
choose bigger of
ρmin = √fc′/4fy the solved ρmin

1.4 1.4
= 414 = 0.0038
fy

√fc′ √20.7
= = 0.0027
4fy 4(414)

ρmin = 0.0038

𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

∴ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜌 = 0.0038
Required Main Bar Spacing

As = ρbd = 0.0038 (1000) (74)

As = 281.20𝑚𝑚2

Use 12mm ∅ bars

𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 𝜋⁄4 (12)2 = 113.10 𝑚𝑚2

𝑆 = 𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 ⁄𝐴𝑠 X 1000

𝑆 = 113.10⁄281.20 X 1000

𝑆 = 402.21 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 400 mm

Smax = 2t ; t = 100mm
Smax = 2 (100)
Smax = 200 mm
∴ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐦𝐦

@Continuous edge

[𝑀𝑈 = ∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑2 ] ; Mu = 8.60 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

𝑀𝑈 8.60𝑥106
𝑅𝑛 = = = 1.75 𝑀𝑃𝑎
∅𝑏𝑑 2 0.9 (1000) (74)2

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 2𝑅𝑛
ρ= [1 − √1 − 0.85𝑓′ 𝑐 ]
𝑓𝑦

ρ = 0.0045

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝛽1 (600)

ρb = ; 𝛽1 = 0.85
𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦)
0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)
ρb = 414(600+414)

ρb = 0.02138
ρmin = 1.4/fy

ρmin = √fc′/4fy

1.4 1.4
= 414 = 0.0038 choose bigger of
fy
the solved ρmin
√fc′ √20.7
= = 0.0027
4fy 4(414)

ρmin = 0.0038

𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

∴ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜌 = 0.0045
Required Main Bar Spacing

As = ρbd = 0.0045 (1000) (74)

As = 333 𝑚𝑚2

Use 12mm ∅ bars

𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 𝜋⁄4 (12)2 = 113.10 𝑚𝑚2

𝑆 = 𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 ⁄𝐴𝑠 X 1000

𝑆 = 113.10⁄333 X 1000

𝑆 = 339.64 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 340 mm

Smax = 2t ; t = 100mm
Smax = 2 (100)
Smax = 200 mm
∴ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐦𝐦

Along Long Direction

Clear Bar Cover = 20mm
Main Reinforcing Bar = 12mm Ø
d = 100 – 20 – 12/2 – 12 = 62 mm

@ Midspan
[𝑀𝑈 = ∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑2 ] ; Mu = 1.05 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
𝑀𝑈 1.05𝑥106
𝑅𝑛 = ∅𝑏𝑑 2
= 0.9 (1000) (62)2
= 0.304 𝑀𝑃𝑎

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 2𝑅𝑛
ρ= [1 − √1 − 0.85𝑓′ 𝑐 ]
𝑓𝑦

ρ = 0.0007

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝛽1 (600)

ρb = ; 𝛽1 = 0.85
𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦)
0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)
ρb = 414(600+414)

ρb = 0.02138
ρmin = 1.4/fy

ρmin = √fc′/4fy

1.4 1.4
= 414 = 0.0038 choose bigger of
fy
the solved ρmin
√fc′ √20.7
= = 0.0027
4fy 4(414)
 ρmin = 0.0038

𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

∴ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜌 = 0.0038

Required Main Bar Spacing

As = ρbd = 0.0038 (1000) (62)

As = 235.60𝑚𝑚2

Use 12mm ∅ bars

𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 𝜋⁄4 (12)2 = 113.10 𝑚𝑚2

𝑆 = 𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 ⁄𝐴𝑠 X 1000

𝑆 = 113.10⁄235.60 X 1000

𝑆 = 480.05 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 480 mm

Smax = 2t ; t = 100mm
Smax = 2 (100)
Smax = 200 mm
∴ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐦𝐦

@Continuous edge

[𝑀𝑈 = ∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑2 ] ; Mu = 17.55 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

𝑀𝑈 17.55𝑥106
𝑅𝑛 = ∅𝑏𝑑 2
= 0.9 (1000) (62)2
= 5.07 𝑀𝑃𝑎

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 2𝑅𝑛
ρ= [1 − √1 − 0.85𝑓′ 𝑐 ]
𝑓𝑦

ρ = 0.015

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝛽1 (600)

ρb = ; 𝛽1 = 0.85
𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦)
0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)
ρb =
414(600+414)

ρb = 0.02138
ρmin = 1.4/fy
choose bigger of
the solved ρmin
ρmin = √fc′/4fy

1.4 1.4
= 414 = 0.0038
fy

√fc′ √20.7
= = 0.0027
4fy 4(414)

ρmin = 0.0038
 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

∴ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜌 = 0.015

Required Main Bar Spacing

As = ρbd = 0.015 (1000) (62)

As = 930 𝑚𝑚2

Use 12mm ∅ bars

𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 𝜋⁄4 (12)2 = 113.10 𝑚𝑚2

𝑆 = 𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 ⁄𝐴𝑠 X 1000

𝑆 = 113.10⁄930 X 1000

𝑆 = 121.61 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 120 mm

Smax = 2t ; t = 100mm
Smax = 2 (100)
Smax = 200 mm
∴ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝐦𝐦

III. SLAB 3
𝑆 3.5
𝑚= = = 0.70 > 0.5
𝐿 5

∴ 𝑇𝑤𝑜 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏

Minimum Thickness of Slab
Min. Thickness = Perimeter of Panel / 180
Min. Thickness = (3.5+5) (2) / 180
Min. Thickness = 94.44mm ≈ 100mm

Try 100mm,
Loads
Deadload:
𝐷𝐿𝑐 = 𝛾𝑐 (𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏) = 23.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 (0.10 𝑚)
𝐷𝐿 = 1.100 + 0.72 + 23.5(0.10)
𝐷𝐿 = 4.17 𝑘𝑃𝑎
Liveload:
𝐿𝐿 = 1.916 𝑘𝑃𝑎

Consider 1m strip of slab

𝑊𝐷 = 4.17 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 (1𝑚) = 4.17 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

𝑊𝐿 = 1.916 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 (1𝑚) = 1.916 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

∴ WU = 1.2D + 1.6L (LRFD 203-2 NSCP 2010)

WU = 1.2(4.17) + 1.6(1.916) = 8.07 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
 Case 5

Negative Moments
-𝐌𝐚 = 𝟖. 𝟔𝟎 𝐤𝐍. 𝐦
-𝐌𝐛 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟓𝟓 𝐤𝐍. 𝐦
Positive Moments
Short Direction
+𝐌𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝐤𝐍. 𝐦
Long Direction
+𝐌𝐛 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓 𝐤𝐍. 𝐦

Along Short Direction

Clear Bar Cover = 20mm
Main Reinforcing Bar = 12mm Ø
d = 100 – 20 – 12/2 = 74 mm

@ Midspan

S = 200mm

@ Continuous Edge

S = 200mm

IV. SLAB 4
𝑆 1.0
𝑚=𝐿= 5
= 0.2 < 0.5

∴ 𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏

Minimum Thickness of Slab
 𝑙 1000
ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 24 = 24
= 41.67𝑚𝑚

Try 45 mm,
Loads
Deadload:
𝐷𝐿𝑐 = 𝛾𝑐 (𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏) = 23.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 (0.045 𝑚)
𝐷𝐿 = 1.100 + 0.72 + 23.5(0.045)
𝐷𝐿 = 2.88 𝑘𝑃𝑎

Liveload:
𝐿𝐿 = 1.916 𝑘𝑃𝑎

Consider 1m strip of slab

𝑊𝐷 = 2.88 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 (1𝑚) = 2.88 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

𝑊𝐿 = 1.916 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 (1𝑚) = 1.916 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

∴ WU = 1.2D + 1.6L (LRFD 203-2 NSCP 2010)

WU = 1.2(2.88) + 1.6(1.916) = 6.52 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
Maximum Moment @ fixed end
𝑀𝑈 = 𝑊𝑈𝐿2 ⁄3 = 6.52(1.0)2 /3 = 2.17 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
Maximum Moment @ free end
𝑀𝑈 = 𝑊𝑈𝐿2 ⁄6 = 6.52(1.0)2 /6 = 1.09 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

Effective depth
Using 12mm ∅
d = h – concrete covering – ½ (main bar diameter)
d = 45mm – 20mm – ½ (10mm)
d = 20mm, b = 1m = 1000mm

Required 𝝆
[𝑀𝑈 = ∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑2 ] ; Mu = 2.17 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
𝑀𝑈 2.17𝑥106
𝑅𝑛 = ∅𝑏𝑑 2
= 0.9 (1000) (20)2
= 6.02 𝑀𝑃𝑎
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 2𝑅𝑛
ρ= [1 − √1 − 0.85𝑓′ 𝑐 ]
𝑓𝑦

ρ = 0.018
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝛽1 (600)
ρb = ; 𝛽 = 0.85
1
𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦)
0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)
ρb = 414(600+414)
ρb = 0.02138
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏
= 0.75(0.02138)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.016
ρmin = 1.4/fy
choose bigger of
ρmin = √fc′/4fy the solved ρmin
 1.4 1.4
= 414 = 0.0038
fy

√fc′ √20.7
= = 0.0027
4fy 4(414)

ρmin = 0.0038

𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

∴ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜌 = 0.018

Required Main Bar Spacing

As = ρbd = 0.018 (1000) (20)

As = 360𝑚𝑚2

Use 10mm ∅ bars

𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 𝜋⁄4 (10)2 = 78.54𝑚𝑚2

𝑆1 = 𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 ⁄𝐴𝑠 X 1000

𝑆1 = 78.54⁄360 X 1000

𝑆1 = 218.17𝑚𝑚 ≈ 215mm

Spacing of Bars according to the NSCP Code of 2010

a) 𝑆1 = 215𝑚𝑚
choose smaller of
b) 3 𝑥 ℎ = 3 𝑥 45 = 135𝑚𝑚
the solved spacing
c) 450𝑚𝑚

Use 135 mm spacing of bars