9348 Relative Pronouns Black and White

RELATIVE CLAUSES 1 – DEFINING - WHO (THAT) for PEOPLE
A clause is a part of a sentence. A relative clause tells us  We know a lot of people. They live in London.
which person or thing (or what kind of person or thing) the
speaker means.  We know a lot of people who live in London.
WHICH / THAT for THINGS
 I don’t like stories. They have unhappy endings.

The man who lives next door is very friendly.
 I don’t like the stories that have unhappy endings.
Relative Clause  Where are the eggs? They were in the fridge.
The man who lives next door... (Who lives next door tells us  Where are the eggs which were in the fridge?
which man)
WHOSE for HIS /HER /THEIR
RELATIVE CLAUSES 2  We saw some people – their car had broken down.
DD
 The man who lives in next door is very friendly.  We saw some people whose car had broken down.
 Where are the eggs which were in the fridge?
WHERE for PLACES
In these sentences who and which are subject of the verbs in
the relative clauses. The hotel – we stayed there – wasn’t very clean.
The man lives in next door. He is very friendly. The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
Where are the eggs ? They were in the fridge
YOU CANNOT LEAVE OUT WHO or WHICH RELATIVE CLAUSES 3 – NON DEFINING –
IN THESE SENTENCES
The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
Sometimes who and which are objects of the verbs. Have you found the keys that you lost
The man – I wanted to see him- was away on holiday. In these sentences, the relative clauses tell us which person or
thing the speaker means.
The man who I wanted to see was away on holiday.
The house at the end of the street, which has been empty for
Have you found the keys? – You lost them.
five years, has just been sold.
Have you found the keys that you lost?
Mrs. Morgan, whose son is in our class, is an English teacher.
WHEN WHO or WHICH ARE OBJECTS OF THE VERB In these sentences the relative clauses (which has been
IN THE RELATIVE CLAUSE, YOU CAN LEAVE THEM empty ... and whose son...) do not tell us which person or thing
OUT. speaker means. We already know which person or thing is
meant. The relative clauses in these sentences give us extra
 The man I wanted to see was away on holiday.
information about the person or thing.
 The dress Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.
 Is there anything I can do?
In these – non defining- relative clauses you have to
use who for people and which for things. You cannot
PREPOSITIONS IN RELATIVES
use that and you cannot leave out who or which.
Do you know the girl? – Tom is talking to her. When you write clauses like this you have to put
commas (,) at the beginning and the end of the clause.
 Do you know the girl (who)Tom is talking to?
 The bed – I slept in it last night – wasn’t very Mr. Jason, who has worked for the company for 20 years, is
comfortable. retiring next week
 The bed I slept in last night wasn’t very
comfortable.
n this exercises you have to explain what some words mean.
A bank - A boring person - A dentist - The brain - A star - A friend -A secret – An Academy
He / She works all her life to become famous and He / She puts metal in your mouth and takes coins
then wears sunglasses so people don’t recognize her. out of your pocket
He / She talks about himself when you want to talk Something you only tell one person.
about yourself.
He /She dislikes same people as you. You can borrow money there if you can show that
you don’t need it.
It starts working when you get up in the morning and A modern school. Football is taught there.
stops working when you get to work or school.
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________________________________________________________
1. I like the dress. Ann is wearing it. NON DEFINING

______________________________________________
2. We wanted to visit the museum. It was closed when we got 1. We decided not to swim in the sea. (The sea looked rather dirty.)
there. __________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ 2. The new cinema will be opened next week. ( The cinema holds
3. I invited a lot friends to the party. They couldn’t come.
150 people)
_______________________________________________________
4. We had a fish for dinner. It was very delicious. ___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ 3. Jane is one of my best friends. (I share all my secrets with her.)
5. I met a girl last week. I didn’t like her. ___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________ 4. That woman over there is a dancer. (I don’t remember her name.)
6. I applied for a job. I didn’t get it. ___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ 5. Opposite our house there is a nice park. (There are some beautiful
7. We wanted to travel on a flight. It was fully booked. flowers in this park.)
_______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
8. She is married to a man. He has been married twice before. 6. I often go to meet my friends in Bournemouth. (Bournemouth is
______________________________________________________
only 30 miles away.)
9. The house isn’t very good condition. I’m living it.
_______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
10. I recently went back to the town. I was born there. 7. I went to see the doctor. (The doctor told me to rest for a few days.)
______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
11. What was the man’s name? His wife was taken to the 8. The population of London is now falling. (London was once the
hospital. largest city in the world.)
_____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
12. The place was really hot. We spent our holiday there. 9. We spent a very good week by the lake. (We camped out there)
______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
13. They are the couple. Their luggage disappeared. 10. Our school vice principle was late this morning. (Vice principle is
_____________________________________________________________
nearly always on time.)
14. A stadium is a place. You can watch athletics there.
______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
15. Is there a shop near here? I can buy some drinks there.
_________________________________________________________________

9348 Relative Pronouns Black and White

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RELATIVE CLAUSES 1 – DEFINING - WHO (THAT) for PEOPLE

WHICH / THAT for THINGS

 I don’t like stories. They have unhappy endings.

Where are the eggs ? They were in the fridge

1. I like the dress. Ann is wearing it. NON DEFINING

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