GREEN HOUSE MONITORING AND

CONTROLLING USING ARDUINO

SUBMITTED BY-
ABHISHEK KUMAR JHA
UNIVERSITY ROLL NO.-10500315001
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG.
BANKURA UNNAYANI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

Under The Supervision Of-

ER. Subhajit Kundu
(WEBTEK LABS)

WEBTEK LABS PVT. LTD

4, Lee Road, Vaibhav Building, 5th Floor,

Kolkata-700020,West Bengal

1
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “GREEN HOUSE MONITORING AND
CONTROLLING USING ARDUINO”, submitted by ABHISHEK KUMAR JHA
(10500315001), final year B. Tech (Electronics and Communication Engineering)
students in Bankura Unnyani Institute Of Engineering for the award of summer training
on “EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ROBOTICS”, is a record of an original research work
carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. The thesis has fulfilled partial
requirements as per the regulations of the institute and in my opinion has reached the
standard needed for submission.

Guided By-

.................................................
ER. Subhajit Kundu

Date:

2
 Acknowledgements

First and foremost, we feel it as a great privilege in expressing our deepest

and most sincere gratitude to our supervisor Er. Subhajit Kundu, for his
excellent guidance throughout our project work. His kindness, dedication,
hard work and attention to detail have been a great inspiration to us. Our
heartfelt thanks to you sir for the unlimited support and patience shown to
us . We would particularly like to thank him for all his help in patiently and
carefully correcting all our manuscripts.

Abhishek Kumar Jha

Roll no.-100315001
Electronics & Communication
Engineering.

3
 ABSTRACT

Monitoring and control of greenhouse environment play an important role in

greenhouse production and management. To monitor the greenhouse environment
parameters effectively, it is necessary to design a measurement and control system. The
objective of this project is to design a simple, easy to install, microcontroller-based
circuit to monitor and record the values of temperature, humidity, soil moisture and
sunlight of the natural environment that are continuously modified and controlled in
order optimize them to achieve maximum plant growth and yield. The controller used
is a low power, cost efficient chip manufactured by ATMEL having 8K bytes of on-chip
flash memory. This project is designed and developed on “ARDIONO UNO”. It
communicates with the various sensor modules in real-time in order to control the
light, temperature , humidity, soil moisture efficiently inside a greenhouse by actuating
a fan, exhaust fan, water pump and lights respectively according to the necessary
condition of the crops. An integrated Liquid crystal display (LCD) is also used for real
time display of data acquired from the various sensors and the status of the various
devices. Also, the use of easily available components reduces the manufacturing and
maintenance costs. The design is quite flexible as the software can be changed any time.
It can thus be tailor-made to the specific requirements of the user. This makes the
proposed system to be an economical, portable and a low maintenance solution for
greenhouse applications, especially in rural areas and for small scale agriculturists.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................................. 3
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................... 4
CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................... 5
1. INTRODUCTION …....……………......…….………….……………………………………………………........ 7
1.1 BACKGROUND …………………………………….……………………….…………………………….. 7
1.2 PURPOSE …………………………………………….……………………….…………………………..... 8
1.3 SCOPE ...………………………… ………………….………………………..………………………….... 9
1.4 METHOD …………………………………………….………………………..…………………………….9
1.5 SYSTEM OVERVIEW………………………………………………………………………………….... 10
2. GREENHOUSE MONITOR SYSTEM ........……………………………………............................................... 11
2.1 HARDWARE ……………………………………..……………………………………………………... .11
2.1.1 ARDUINO...………………………… ………………….………………………..………………. .11
2.1.2 LDR ..………………………… ………………….………………………..………………………..13
2.1.3 DHT 11 ...………………………… ………………….………………………..…………………..14
2.1.4 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR ...………………………… ………………….…………………...15
2.1.5 LCD ...………………………… ………………….………………………..……………………….15
2.2 SOFTWARE ……………………………………..…………………………………………………….....17
3. GREENHOUSE CONTROL SYSTEM.................................................................................................17

3.1 HARDWARE ……………………………………..……………………………………………………....17

3.1.1 RELAY ...………………………… ………………….………………………..…………………..17
3.1.2 LED BULB ...………………………… ………………….………………………..…………… ..18
3.1.3 FAN ...………………………… ………………….………………………..……………………...19
3.1.4 WATER PUMP ...………………………… ………………….………………………..…………19
3.2 SOFTWARE ...………………………… ………………….………………………..………………………..20
4. TEST RESULTS AND ANALYSIS ...………………………… ………………….………………………..………..20

4.1 LIGHT SENSITIVITY (LIGHT SENSOR USING ARDUINO) …………………………………………..21

4.2 DHT11 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR ……………………………………………….....23
4.3 SOIL MOISTURE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..24
5. RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE WORK ................................................................................26
6. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………………………27
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………………………………………….28
8. APPENDIX ………………………………………………………………………………………………………29

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6
 1. INTRODUCTION

A greenhouse is an exceptionally outlined homestead structure building to give a

more controllable environment to better harvest generation, crop security, product seeding
and transplanting. Also, the accessible space of area for developing yields has been
altogether diminishing, following to more space of area is vigorously utilized for housing
and commercial ventures as a part of this present day period. In most tropical nations, the
utilization of greenhouse has been developed for cost effective farming i.e. organic
products, new blossoms and vegetables generation. The effectiveness of plant creation
inside greenhouse depends fundamentally on the conformity of ideal atmosphere
development conditions to attain to high return at low cost, great quality and low natural
burden. To attain to these objectives a few parameters, for example, light, temperature and
humidity, soil moisture must be controlled ideally given certain criteria through warming,
lighting, ventilation and water creation. Persistent checking and controlling of these
ecological variables gives significant data relating to the individual impacts of the different
elements towards acquiring most extreme harvest creation. Greenhouse situations present
remarkable difficulties to great control. Temperature changes happen quickly and fluctuate
broadly relying upon sun powered radiation levels, outside temperatures and moistness
levels in the greenhouse. Poor light intensity and high stickiness frequently bring about
poor natural product set and quality. More exact control can decrease heating fuel and
electrical expenses, expand the efficiency of laborers by empowering them to go to more
important assignments, empowering directors and producers to settle on better
administration choices and invest more energy dealing with the procedure.

1.1 Background

In modern society, the consumption of fruits and vegetables has become the norm.
A variety of fresh fruits and vegetables should be accessible at all times. However, the

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northern climate prevents the growth of fruits and vegetables, especially during winter.
This results in import from southern countries, which in turn has some drawbacks. Not only
does the shipping of imported goods affect the environment negatively but imported food
or vegetables are flavourless and sold to a higher price. The crops must be harvested
prematurely when importing food. This is to delay the ripening process so that it is possible
for the fruits or vegetables to reach their destination before they are considered inedible.
The ripening process is later resumed by spraying the food with ethylene gas, a gas that is
deemed to promote ripening in certain fruits and vegetables. However, this postharvest
ripening can lead to poor taste. In the past couple of years, an increased interest in organic
and locally produced food has become a growing trend . Locally grown foods are picked at
their peak of ripeness and are therefore full of flavor. Furthermore, growing food at home
assures truly organic food. On the other hand it takes a lot of time and effort, and time is
something that most people lack today.

1.2 Purpose

The purpose of this project was therefore to make it easier to grow food at home.
This can be achieved with the use of an automated greenhouse. A greenhouse makes it
possible to replicate a different climate and consequently grow food that would not
typically grow in the area. Additionally, making the greenhouse automated enables people
to grow their own food or plants at home without having to constantly look after them. It
can be reassuring to know that the plants are taken care of while one is on vacation or not
around the house for a longer period of time. The research question of this study was to
analyze if it is possible to maintain the greenhouse temperature in a desired range for
optimal plant growth using a temperature control system. Agricultural has been one of the
essential occupations of man subsequent to right on time developments and even today
manual interventions in cultivating are certain. Greenhouse frame an imperative piece of
the agribusiness and agriculture areas in our nation as they can be utilized to develop plants
under controlled climatic conditions for ideal produce.

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1.3 Scope

The automated greenhouse in this project is meant for domestic use. This means that
the greenhouse will be somewhat small, about 42cmx30cmx21cm. If it was made to be
bigger, more components would be needed in the greenhouse in order to obtain the
desired climate. This project focuses on few plant only. The size of it is suitable for a small
greenhouse used at home. A specific plant is needed as a reference so that the temperature
control system can be built around its preferences. However, this reference can be changed
into any other plant. The greenhouse has to be able to create a microclimate suitable for
plant. Some factors have to be controlled in order to do that. In this project the
temperature, humidity, light intensity and soil moisture were measured and a control loop
including a heating fan, exhaust fan, led bulb and a watering system was actuated. This
project does not cover all of the factors that can be taken into considerations to create as
much of a Favourable environment as possible. Other factors could be carbon dioxide. The
room temperature is assumed to be at 23°C.. The plant that will be put in the greenhouse
will therefore have a preferred temperature at room temperature or above. The result of
the research questions is based on time restricted experiments. This result could be
different in the long run and it is therefore not valid in that case. The values for when the
soil is considered to be too wet or too dry is dependent on the type of soil used. These
values cannot be used on other types of soils, which have to be individually set with the
help of the tests. similarly we have calibrated the humidity as well as light intensity in order
to maintain the preferable condition for used plant.

1.4 Method
An automated greenhouse, with a temperature & humidity control system, light
sensitive system and a watering system, iss built in order to answer observe the preferred
condition. The microcontroller is used to create the automated greenhouse is an “Arduino
UNO”. The temperature & humidity control system consists of a DHT 11, a computer fan
and a power resistor with a heat sink. The fan and heater were controlled separately to
adjust the temperature. The watering system consists of a soil moisture sensor, a water
tank, a water circulator pump and a hose. The watering was turned on or turn off based on
the soil moisture level read from the sensor. Light intensity system consist of ldr, resistor
and a led bulb.

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1.5 System Overview

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 2. Greenhouse Monitor Sytsem

The main purpose of the monitoring system is to obtain parameter readings from the
greenhouse to be relayed to a remote user. Currently the monitor system only has the
ability to show the readings of different parameter on lcd screen due to the limitations of
the existing hardware in the greenhouse. The design components of the monitoring system
are broken down into two main sections: hardware and software.

2.1 Hardware

To design hardware for green house monitoring various sensors are used to control
the environment. The parameters like green house temperature, humidity, light intensity for
green house and soil wetness for crop growth. “ARDUINO UNO” is used as the interface
between monitor and control system. Lcd screen is install to display the parameters.

2.1.1 Arduino Uno

Arduino is a situated of advancement sheets that accompany pretested equipment
and programming libraries. The UNO is a microcontroller board based off of the ATmega
328P chip. The UNO provides 14 digital I/O pins along with six analog input pins. The
monitoring system required a total of eight digital pins and three analog pins making the
Arduino UNO a perfect candidate. The UNO has a clock speed of 16 MHz and a flash
memory of 32 KB which was more than enough to run and process the monitoring system
code.

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specification

Pin Diagram

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 2.1.2 LDR
A simple light intensity sensor can be constructed using light depended resistance
(LDR). This simple circuit can be used to make your simple light intensity detector. The LDR
light sensor is used to sense intensity of light.

LDR CIRCUIT

A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) or a photo resistor is a device whose resistivity is a

function of the incident electromagnetic radiation. Hence, they are light sensitive devices.
They are also called as photo conductors, photo conductive cells or simply photocells. They
are made up of semiconductor materials having high resistance. A light ward resistor deals
with the guideline of photo conductivity. Photo conductivity is an optical perception in
which the materials conductivity (Hence resistivity) decreases when light is consumed by
the material.

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 2.1.3 DHT11
DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor highlights a temperature & stickiness sensor
complex with a calibrated digital signal input. By utilizing the selective computerized sign
securing system and temperature & dampness sensing innovation, it ensures high reliability
and excellent long-term stability. This sensor incorporates a resistive-sort moistness
estimation segment and a NTC temperature estimation part, and associate with a high-
execution 8-bit microcontroller, offering fabulous quality, quick reaction, hostile to
obstruction capacity and expense adequacy. The single-wire serial interface makes
framework reconciliation brisk and simple. Its little size, low power utilization and up-to-20
meter signal transmission settling on it the best decision for different applications, including
those most requesting ones. The part is 3-pin single line pin bundle.

DHT 11(TEMP. &HUMIDITY SENSOR)

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 2.1.4 Soil Moisture

A simple moisture sensor can be constructed using two copper strips placed as close
as possible to each other, but no touching. This sensor is based on the fact that water is not
pure water which is non conductor, but it is impure which is slightly conductor. Water
sensor is nothing but a series of very close PCB tracks. In normal mode these tracks are not
conducting, but when some water fall on these tracks these line slightly start conducting
and some positive voltage is available which can be read by analog read of arduino. It is
very easy to use and it’s reading is calibrated using the ideal glove soil moisture .

Soil Moisture sensor

2.1.5 LCD
The 16×2 LCD display is a very basic module commonly used in DIYs and circuits. The
16×2 translates o a display 16 characters per line in 2 such lines. In this LCD each character
is displayed in a 5×7 pixel matrix. It is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of
color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector [4]. Each pixel
consists of a column of liquid crystal molecules suspended between two transparent
electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of polarity of which are perpendicular to
each other.

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Pin Diagram

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 2.2 Software
In the software implementation part we had develop assembly code for measuring
temperature, water pH value, humidity, soil wetness, light intensity, display the parameters
in LCD module as well as serial communication with arduino using analog pins. The
monitoring software can be found in Appendix A.

3. Green House Control System

The control system is designed in order to maintain the ideal situation for plants or
corps present in the green house. Currently we are using led bulb to maintain the light
intensity, fan to maintain the temperature, Exhaust fan to control the humidity and motor
pump to meet the ideal or basic moisture level within the green house.

3.1 Hardware
The control system consists of some components that interface with the Arduino
UNO microcontroller. These are fan, motor, exhaust fan, motor. Additionally a 250V ac relay
that uses 5V control signals from the Arduino has been included which could be used to put
on these controlling appliances.

3.1.1 Relay

A relay operates as an electromagnetic switch. It can control a high voltage circuit by using
only a low voltage control signal. The building components of an electromechanical relay
are basically a fixed coil, a movable armature, a spring and contacts. The number of
contacts varies from one pair to several. The coil generates a magnetic field when a low
voltage control signal has been sent. As a consequence of this, the armature is attracted by
the magnetic field so that it pushes the contact pair towards each other. This completes the
high voltage circuit. The spring is attached between the coil and the armature. When the
control signal is no longer sent to the circuit the spring pulls the armature back to its
original position.

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Electromechanical relays are categorized into two types, Normally Open (NO) and Normally
Closed (NC). The contacts on a NO relay are only closed when a current is sent through the
relay. In a similar way, the contacts on a NC relay are only open when a current is sent
through the relay. A NO relay is preferred when the controlled circuit will be off most of the
time and a NC is preferred when the circuit will mostly be on . The number of pins depends
on the required connections for the circuit. When AC is used, both of its leads have to be
connected to the relay since the current can flow in either direction.

4 channel relay module

3.1.2 Led bulb

LED bulbs have moved into the technological age. LEDs that produce white light work in
a rather complicated way, and their invention won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014! While
these are the most efficient bulbs to date, they are not without problems. Although the
light they produce looks white, remember that white light contains all the colors of the
rainbow. LEDs contain a lot of blue light, too much of which can have negative effects on
human health and wildlife.
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 3.1.3 Fan
Here we are using the pc cooling fan for our reliability. This fan required small voltage as
well as current to work.

3.1.4 Motor

Working principle of a DC motor. A motor is an electrical machine which converts

electrical energy into mechanical energy. The principle of working of a DC motor is that
"whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a
mechanical force".

Dc motor

Here we have dc motor as a water pump to supply water on the plants under green
house.

19
 3.2 Software
The control system software has automatic mode of operation. The automatic mode
uses temperature as well as humidity input from the monitoring system to operate the
temperature & humidity control devices when the temperature & humidity in the
greenhouse falls into certain ranges, respectively. Similarly, light and soil moisture control
devices operates when the light intensity and soil moisture in the greenhouse falls into
certain ranges . The control system code can be seen in Appendix A.

4. Test Result And Analysis

It is essential to effectively recognize the parameters that will be measured by the

controller's information procurement interface, and how they are to be measured. An
imperative component in considering a control framework is the control technique that is
to be taken after. The most straightforward procedure is to utilize edge sensors that
straightforwardly influence incitation of gadgets. For case, the temperature inside a
greenhouse can be influenced by controlling warmers, fans, or window openings once
it surpasses the most extreme permissible farthest point. The light force can be controlled
utilizing four edge levels. As the light power diminishes one light may be turned on. With a
further decline in its force a second light would be controlled, et cetera; accordingly
guaranteeing that the plants are not denied of sufficient daylight apart within the winter
season or an overcast day.

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Flow chart of monitoring and control

21
4.1LIGHT SENSITIVITY (LIGHT SENSOR USING ARDUINO)

A LDR and an ordinary resistor are wired in arrangement over a voltage, as

demonstrated in the circuit below. Depending upon which is attached to the 5V and which
to 0V, the voltage at the point between them, call it the sensor hub, will either rise or fall
with expanding light. On the off chance that the LDR is the part fixing straightforwardly to
the 5V, the sensor hub will increment in voltage with expanding light.

The LDR's resistance can achieve 10 k ohms in dull conditions and around 100 ohms in full
brilliance.

The circuit used for sensing light in our system uses a 10 kΩ fixed resistor which is tied to
+5V. Hence the voltage value in this case decreases with increase in light intensity

Circuit diagram for lux meter.

The relationship between the resistance RL and light power Lux for a regular LDR is:

RL = 500 / Lux kΩ

With the LDR connected to 5V through a 10K resistor, the output voltage of the LDR is:

Vo = 5*RL / (RL+10)

22
 If the light intensity is below than desired one then our automated system detects it
and turn ON the relay module. The artificial light will shine until the sunrises. If there is any
existence of cloudy weather or rainy our automated system will work if the intensity of the
light does not match with the unit one.

4.2 DHT11 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR

The sensor builds up a direct voltage versus RH yield that is ratio metric to the supply
voltage. That is, the point at which the supply voltage fluctuates, the sensor yield voltage
follows in the same extent. It can work over a 4-5.8 supply voltage range. At 5V supply
voltage, and room temperature, the yield voltage ranges from 0.8 to 3.9V as the mugginess
changes from 0% to 100% (noncondensing).

The output voltage is converted to temperature by a simple conversion factor. The general
equation used to convert output voltage to temperature is:

Temperature ( *C) = (Vout * 100 ) / 5 *C

Sensor output voltages be taken into account according to the formula:

RH = ((Vout / Vsupply) – 0.16) /0.0062, typical at 25°C

NOTE- ALL THESE CALCULATION IS DONE WITHIN THE LIBRARY FUNCTION:

“dht.readTemperature()”

23
CONTROLLING STRUCTURE

4.3 SOIL MOISTURE

The elementary idea behind using soil moisture sensor to control irrigation is simple:
when plants use water, they take it up from the substrate, so the water content of the
substrate decreases. Soil water sensors detect these changes and can be used to open an
irrigation valve when the substrate water content drops below a user-determined set-point.
This results in frequent applications of small amounts of water, and the frequency of
irrigation is adjusted automatically based on the rate of substrate water depletion. This
irrigation approach automatically replaces water that is used by plants or lost through
evaporation and assures that plants are never exposed to drought stress. By irrigating with
the amount of water actually needed by the plants, water use and leaching can be reduced
greatly. This minimizes pollution without using expensive recycling irrigation systems or
large ponds to capture runoff.

24
 Circuit diagram of soil Moisture with Arduino

Soil condition is very important for plants for a great output. As far as we can see
moisture of soil is depending on the water level of the soil. So in this paper we prefer a soil
moisture sensor to sense the condition of soil whether it is dry, humid or watery. If the soil
condition is dry it is automatically on the dc motor to on the water supply. When the soil
becomes humid it will close the water supply automatically.

25
 5. RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE WORK

This chapter presents some recommendations and a couple of examples on how this
project could be further developed.

 Recommendations
Testing different ways of distributing the water into the flower pot is recommended to
find the most accurate method. Instead of measuring the soil moisture limits with the
sensor another tool could be used to get more exact values. Doing this could improve the
watering system. A thermocamera would have been a good tool to have when optimizing
the temperature control system since that would allow an overview of the temperature
dissipation. This would enable a surveillance of the temperature around the power resistor
so that its operating time could be optimized before turning the fan on. We could use the
heater to control the low temperature as well. In order to control the moisture in soil we
should use Springer.

 Future work

We can develop a system which can use wireless communication to transmit the sensor
Inputs to remote users. We will also introduce manual control mode in addition to
automated control system. We could use the heater to control the low temperature as
well. In order to control the moisture in soil we should use Springer. In addition, we want to
build control system with more parameters such as CO2, pH factor detection etc.

26
 6. CONCLUSION

The purpose of this project was to design and build a working prototype monitoring and
control system for one room of the greenhouse. It is our great pleasure that we have
successfully completed our project which we dreamed of previously.

A step-by-step approach in designing the microcontroller based system for

measurement and control of the four essential parameters for plant growth, i.e.
temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity, has been followed. The results
obtained from the measurement have shown that the system performance is quite reliable
and accurate.

The system has successfully overcome quite a few shortcomings of the

existing systems by reducing the power consumption, maintenance and complexity, at the
same time providing a flexible and precise form of maintaining the environment.
The continuously decreasing costs of hardware and software, the wider acceptance of
electronic systems in agriculture, and an emerging agricultural control system industry in
several areas of agricultural production, will result in reliable control systems that
will address several aspects of quality and quantity of production. Further improvements
will be made as less expensive and more reliable sensors are developed for use in
agricultural production.

Although the enhancements mentioned in the previous chapter may seem far in the
future, the required technology and components are available, many such systems have
been independently developed, or are at least tested at a prototype level. Also, integration
of all these technologies is not a daunting task and can be successfully carried out.

27
7. Bibliography

1. http://dspace.bracu.ac.bd/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10361/4202/AN%20AUTOMATIC
%20MONITORING%20AND%20CONTROL%20SYSTEM%20INSIDE%20GREENHOUSE.pd
f?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
2. http://ece.eng.umanitoba.ca/undergraduate/ECE4600/ECE4600/Archive/2015/G02_
FinalReport.pdf
3. https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/Digitally-Greenhouse-Monitoring-and-
Controlling-of-System-based-on-Embedded-System.pdf
4. https://codeload.github.com/adafruit/DHT-sensor-library/zip/master
5. https://codeload.github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Sensor/zip/master
6. file:///C:/Users/abhishek%20jha/Desktop/TRAINING/FULLTEXT01.pdf
7. https://www.scribd.com/document/261147949/AUTOMATED-GREENHOUSE-
MONITORING-AND-CONTROL-SYSTEM-pdf
8. http://www100.abb.com/Drives_DE/fundamentals/basics/dc_motor_basics_r0201/d
ata/downloads/dc_motor_basics_r0201.pdf
9. https://www.scribd.com/document/59279903/37-Green-house-Monitoring-System
10.https://components101.com/16x2-lcd-pinout-datasheet
11.http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=232562.0
12.https://www.google.co.in/search?q=dht11+specifications&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg:CQcB
e6z2ItMYIjgf71i9WcrmiBu6f6LwRSrj6iGslpSC7gZPH9CSlAkiYr1cYWoYpKiaRdsWy1RfO-
TERabtq_1rSrCoSCR_1vWL1ZyuaIEaAcuMInGTlnKhIJG7p_1ovBFKuMRrheS7mJsPKoqE
gnqIayWlILuBhGQEEuVqFG1ZyoSCU8f0JKUCSJiEQ7BZG33CcwmKhIJvVxhahikqJoRhxX
p_12xibjkqEglF2xbLVF875BHCXfdBFMJ_14yoSCcRFpu2r-tKsEZX-
mdE4xFdU&tbo=u&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf2KPuoKjcAhXYWysKHaQrBnsQ9C96BAgBEB
g&biw=1536&bih=710&dpr=1.25#imgrc=vVxhahikqJptCM:
13.https://www.google.co.in/search?q=LDR&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUK
EwiP3sjAm6jcAhVKuo8KHbZ_A7wQ_AUICigB&biw=1536&bih=710#imgrc=LY3r0oqnx
baITM:
14.https://www.google.co.in/search?q=arduino+uno&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ve
d=0ahUKEwi-
wpDtlKjcAhWCqI8KHfMcCeIQ_AUICigB&biw=1536&bih=710&dpr=1.25#imgrc=af8bN
fitzGJHBM:
15.https://www.slideshare.net/AmitSaini7/arduino-based-intelligent-greenhouse-
project

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8. APPENDIX

#include<LiquidCrystal.h>

#include<DHT.h>

const int RS=2;

const int E=3;

const int d4=4;

const int d5=5;

const int d6=6;

const int d7=7;

int moisture=15;

int ldr=A2;

int led=11;

LiquidCrystal lcd(RS,E,d4,d5,d6,d7);

DHT dht(14, DHT11);

void setup() {

// put your setup code here, to run once:

lcd.begin(16,2);

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("welcome");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("green house");

29
 dht.begin();

pinMode(led,OUTPUT);

pinMode(ldr,INPUT);

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

void loop()

int h = dht.readHumidity();

// Read temperature as Celsius (the default)

int t = dht.readTemperature();

if (isnan(h) || isnan(t) )

lcd.print("Failed");

delay(1000);

lcd.clear();

return;

//light intensity

int i=analogRead(ldr);

int op=255-map(i,100, 700, 0,255);

30
 op=constrain(op,0,255);

if(op<=10)analogWrite(led,HIGH);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("I:");

lcd.print(i);

//moisture

int m=analogRead(moisture);

Serial.println(m);

lcd.print(" Moist:");

m=map(m,450,1000,0,100);

m=constrain(m,0,100);

m=100-m;

if(m<10) lcd.print(" ");

else if(m<100) lcd.print(" ");

lcd.print(m);

lcd.setCursor(15,0);

lcd.print("%");

float hic = dht.computeHeatIndex(t, h, false);

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Hum:");

lcd.print(h);

lcd.print("%");

31
 lcd.print("Temp:");

lcd.print(t);

lcd.print("*C");

delay(1000);

32