MMW Nature of Mathematics PDF

Nature of Mathematics:
Mathematics in our World
Jacky Boy E. Atienza

College of Science
Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics
13 June 2018
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Main Ideas
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Main Ideas
Part I. What is Mathematics?
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Main Ideas
Part II. Patterns and numbers in Nature
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Main Ideas
Part II. Patterns and numbers in Nature
Part III. Mathematics and the Real World
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What is Mathematics?
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Arithmetic?
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Arithmetic?
The study of numbers?
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Arithmetic?
A body of formulas and rules for solving equations?
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Arithmetic?
A body of formulas and rules for solving equations?
A useless obstacle course in school?
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Many people consider mathematics to be a boring and
formal science.
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formal science.
But any good work in mathematics always has in it:
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formal science.
Beauty
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formal science.
Beauty
Simplicity
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formal science.
Beauty
Simplicity
Structure
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formal science.
Beauty
Simplicity
Structure
Imagination
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formal science.
Beauty
Simplicity
Structure
Imagination
Crazy Ideas
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formal science.
Beauty
Simplicity
Structure
Imagination
Crazy Ideas
JUST LIKE MUSIC AND POETRY!
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Mathematics is not confined to the classroom.
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Mathematics is not confined to the classroom.
We live in a world of mathematical patterns.
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No two snowflakes are ever exactly the same.
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But they all have six-fold symmetry.
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But they all have six-fold symmetry.
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Human culture has developed a formal system of
thought for recognizing, classifying and making sense
of patterns.
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Human culture has developed a formal system of
thought for recognizing, classifying and making sense
of patterns.
We call it Mathematics.
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Musical symbols represent
musical ideas.
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Mathematical symbols
represent mathematical
ideas.
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We live in a (physical) world full of mathematical
patterns.
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We live in a (physical) world full of mathematical
patterns.
But mathematics resides in the abstract.
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Which one is different?
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Abstraction
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Abstraction
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Abstraction
Two of the same

color.
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Abstraction
Two of the same

color.
Two of the same

size.
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Abstraction
Two of the same

color.
Two of the same

size.
Circle A is the
only one in both
sets!
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Abstraction
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Abstraction
Circle A is the
most different
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Abstraction
Circle A is the
most different
because it is the
most the same!
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Abstraction
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Abstraction
At the physical/perceptual level, the categories

are color and size.
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Abstraction
At the physical/perceptual level, the categories

are color and size.
At a more abstract level, the categories change.

One is different in color. One is different in size.
One is left out!
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Hallmark of Mathematics
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Abstraction
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Abstraction
Symbolic Methods
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Abstraction
Symbolic Methods
Conditional reasoning and deduction
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Abstraction
Symbolic Methods
Proof
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Abstraction
Symbolic Methods
Proof
Rigor
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Abstraction
Symbolic Methods
Proof
Rigor
Aesthetics
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Abstraction
Symbolic Methods
Proof
Rigor
Aesthetics
High (and often unexpected) applicability to the real
world.
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Abstraction
Symbolic Methods
Proof
Rigor
Aesthetics
High (and often unexpected) applicability to the real
world.
Extremely long historical development.
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Mathematics provides us the tools to make sense of
the physical / perceptual world.
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But it also gives us the facility (and the power!) to

understand the unseen, the abstract.
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Suggested activity: Abstract Reasoning
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Suggested activity: Abstract Reasoning
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Part II. Patterns and numbers in
Nature
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Fibonacci
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Fibonacci
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Fibonacci
His real name was
Leonardo Pisano
Bogollo.
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Fibonacci
His real name was
Leonardo Pisano
Bogollo.
He lived between 1170

and 1250 in Italy.
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Fibonacci
His real name was
Leonardo Pisano
Bogollo.
He lived between 1170

and 1250 in Italy.
“Fibonacci” was his

nickname, which roughly
means “Son of
Bonacci”.
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The Fibonacci sequence is the sequence of numbers
(Fn )∞
n=0 defined by the linear recurrence equation:
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(Fn )∞
Fn = Fn−1 + Fn−2
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(Fn )∞
Fn = Fn−1 + Fn−2
with F1 = F2 = 1 and F0 = 0.
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(Fn )∞
Fn = Fn−1 + Fn−2
with F1 = F2 = 1 and F0 = 0.
Thus,
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(Fn )∞
Fn = Fn−1 + Fn−2
with F1 = F2 = 1 and F0 = 0.
Thus,
(Fn )∞
n=0 = (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, . . .)
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√
Fn 1+ 5
Remark: lim = =ϕ
n→∞ Fn−1 2
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√
Fn 1+ 5
Remark: lim = =ϕ
n→∞ Fn−1 2
√
1+ 5
The number ϕ = is called the golden ratio.
2
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√
Fn 1+ 5
Remark: lim = =ϕ
n→∞ Fn−1 2
√
1+ 5
The number ϕ = is called the golden ratio.
2
(also known as divine proportion, golden mean, or

golden section).
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What is so intriguing about Mona Lisa?
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What is so intriguing about Mona Lisa?
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Fibonacci’s Problem
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If 2 newborn rabbits are put in a pen, how many

rabbits will be in the pen after 1 year?
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Assume that the rabbits
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Assume that the rabbits
1. always produce one male and one female offspring
2. can reproduce once every month
3. can reproduce once they are one month old
4. never die
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Watch video from www.youtube.com
Math Dude 016 Video Extra! The Fibonacci
Sequence... and Rabbits!
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Watch video from www.youtube.com
Fibonacci Sequence in Nature
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Suggested activities:
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1. Identify and discuss other patterns in nature

(pictures) which follow the golden ratio.
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2. Using these patterns, determine its relationship to
Fibonacci sequence.
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Fibonacci sequence.
3. Discuss other number patterns (sequences or
series).
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Fibonacci sequence.
3. Discuss other number patterns (sequences or
series).
4. Ask the students to research about patterns
(pictures) they see in nature or structures built by
man.
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Part III. Mathematics and the Real
World
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Math begins as abstractions,
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mental playthings
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mental playthings
but turns out to be useful in the real world!
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This equation allows us to communicate through cell
phones!
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phones!
Shannon Sampling Theorem
∞
X
f (x) = f (λk)φ(λ−1 (x − λk))
k=−∞
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phones!
Shannon Sampling Theorem
∞
X
f (x) = f (λk)φ(λ−1 (x − λk))
k=−∞
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Math and the human heart
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Mathematical models of the heart help in the design

and implementation of artificial valves.
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The mystery of how flocks of birds fly in the same
direction without collisions can be explained by
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The mystery of how flocks of birds fly in the same
direction without collisions can be explained by
mathematical equations.
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Mathematical ecology
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Mathematical ecology is an area of interdisciplinary
research between mathematics and ecology, using
almost every part of mathematics to understand and
model complex biosystems.
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Mathematical ecology is an area of interdisciplinary
research between mathematics and ecology, using
almost every part of mathematics to understand and
model complex biosystems.
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Mathematical models of the stock market.
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The market behaves like ecosystems, striking a balance
between supply and demand, without a guiding hand.
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The market behaves like ecosystems, striking a balance
between supply and demand, without a guiding hand.
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Mathematics can help solve crimes.
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Probability, combinatorics, graph theory are used by
investigators to solve crime.
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Probability, combinatorics, graph theory are used by
investigators to solve crime.
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Waves are solutions of partial differential equations
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Waves are solutions of partial differential equations
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Prime numbers and internet security
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The study of the prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,
17, 19, 23, ... is important for computer security!
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The study of the prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,
17, 19, 23, ... is important for computer security!
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Fitting pieces
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Fitting pieces
Using geometry, combinatorics and statistics,
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Fitting pieces
mathematicians help archaeologists reconstruct
artifacts even with missing pieces.
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Fitting pieces
mathematicians help archaeologists reconstruct
artifacts even with missing pieces.
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Data compression
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Data compression
The theory of wavelets is used to compress data,
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Data compression
allowing the identification and storage of enormous
files, such as fingerprint databases.
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Data compression
allowing the identification and storage of enormous
files, such as fingerprint databases.
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Networks
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Networks
The human brain is a neural network.
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Networks
The human brain is a neural network.
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Networks
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Networks
The Tokyo subway system is a tangle of lines.
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Networks
Graph theory, network and queuing theory help in the
design of a safe and efficient schedule for the trains.
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Networks
Graph theory, network and queuing theory help in the
design of a safe and efficient schedule for the trains.
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SOME QUESTIONS THAT ARE
ANSWERED BY MATHEMATICS
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SOME QUESTIONS THAT ARE
ANSWERED BY MATHEMATICS
(That you can actually ask your
students to research about how
Mathematics actually did it.)
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Why manhole covers round?
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Why manhole covers round?
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Which stool is more stable?
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Are both of these wheels?
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Can you divide a pancake into two equal parts?
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Can you divide a pancake into two equal parts?
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Why do we have typhoons all the time?
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Why do we have typhoons all the time?
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How many colors will you need to color the map of
Japan or the USA,
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Japan or the USA, such that no two adjacent city
(state) have the same color?
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Why do we have bad hair days?
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References:
1. Lecture notes on
MATH 208: History and Development of
Mathematics
Jose Maria P. Balmaceda, PhD
Fidel R. Nemenzo, D.Sc.
Marian P. Roque, PhD
Institute of Mathematics
University of the Philippines Diliman
2. Essential Mathematics for the Modern World
Rizaldi Nocon and Ederlina Nocon
3. http://mathworld.wolfram.com
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4. https://www.mathsisfun.com
5. mathematicalenquiries.blogspot.com/2016/05/
how-prime-numbers-create-online-banking.html
6. https://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-chart-
reader-who-called-this-stock-market-selloff-says-its-
not-over-yet-2018-02-07
7. http://www.earthtimes.org/climate/use-
biodiversity-combat-climate-change/2748/
8. http://www.google.com
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“Good mathematics must be both beautiful and
serious. Its beauty is derived from its precision,
elegance of its results and proofs, and patterns −
which, like the painter’s or the poet’s − is capable of
stirring emotions...
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There is no place in the world for ugly
mathematics.”
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There is no place in the world for ugly
mathematics.”
- G. H. Hardy
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MARAMING SALAMAT!
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MARAMING SALAMAT!
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Nature of Mathematics:

Mathematics in our World

Jacky Boy E. Atienza

Part I. What is Mathematics?

Part I. What is Mathematics?

Part II. Patterns and numbers in Nature

Part I. What is Mathematics?

Part II. Patterns and numbers in Nature

Part III. Mathematics and the Real World

The study of numbers?

The study of numbers?

A body of formulas and rules for solving equations?

The study of numbers?

A body of formulas and rules for solving equations?

A useless obstacle course in school?

We live in a world of mathematical patterns.

But mathematics resides in the abstract.

Two of the same

Two of the same

Two of the same

Two of the same

Two of the same

At the physical/perceptual level, the categories

At the physical/perceptual level, the categories

At a more abstract level, the categories change.

But it also gives us the facility (and the power!) to

He lived between 1170

He lived between 1170

“Fibonacci” was his

(also known as divine proportion, golden mean, or

If 2 newborn rabbits are put in a pen, how many

If 2 newborn rabbits are put in a pen, how many

If 2 newborn rabbits are put in a pen, how many

1. Identify and discuss other patterns in nature

1. Identify and discuss other patterns in nature

1. Identify and discuss other patterns in nature

1. Identify and discuss other patterns in nature

Mathematical models of the heart help in the design

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