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PLASTICS

Plastics are polymers made from organic compounds called monomers. Thermoplastics soften when heated and set when cooled, while thermosetting plastics cure into a permanent shape. Plastics are made through polymerization reactions and often contain additives. Common plastic products pollute the environment as they are not biodegradable and release toxic chemicals when burned. Reducing plastic use and properly disposing of and recycling plastics can help address this growing problem.

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202 views

PLASTICS

Plastics are polymers made from organic compounds called monomers. Thermoplastics soften when heated and set when cooled, while thermosetting plastics cure into a permanent shape. Plastics are made through polymerization reactions and often contain additives. Common plastic products pollute the environment as they are not biodegradable and release toxic chemicals when burned. Reducing plastic use and properly disposing of and recycling plastics can help address this growing problem.

Uploaded by

AMNA NISAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PLASTICS:-

A plastic material is usually a semi-synthetic solid. Monomer of plastics


are either natural or synthetic organic compounds.
In plastics, the arrangement of the individual units may be linear or cross
linked. Linear or lightly cross-linked polymers from a class of plastics
called Thermoplastics. Heavy cross-linking plastics are called
thermosetting plastics.
Thermoplastics:-
Thermoplastic is a polymer that turns into a liquid when heated and
freezes into a very Glassy state when cooled sufficiently.
Thermo-setting plastics:-
Thermoset materials are usually liquid or malleable prior to curing and
designed to be molded in their final form.
FACTS ABOUT PLASTICS:-
These are:-
 Poor conductor of heat and electricity.
 Insoluble in water.
 Inflammable.
 Donot corrode and rust.

Plastics can be heated or molded into many shapes and size to


make a variety of things.
COMPOSITION OF PLASTICS:-

SYNTHESIS:-
Oxygen,200 C
Ethene Polythene (LDPE)
(CH2=CH2) 2000 atm ([-CH2-CH2-]n )

COMPOSITION:-

Most plastics contain organic polymers. The vast majority of these


polymers are based on chains of carbon alone or with oxygen,
Sulphur , or nitrogen as well.
 Most plastics contain Additives ( 0 to 50%). The average content of
additives is 20% by weight of the polymers.
 Fillers are used to improve performance and to reduce costs.
 Stabilizers like fire retardants are used to lower the flammability of
the material.

Plastics that are made up of polymers having only aliphatic (linear)


C atoms in their backbone chains. Ex- polypropylene.

polypropylene
Plastics that are made up of heterochain polymers contain O,N,S in
their backbone chain, in addition to C. Ex-polycarbonate.

polycarbonate
Plastics behavior of polymers is influenced by their morphology
(arrangements of molecules). They are either amorphous or
crystalline. Most thermosets are amorphous, while thermoplastics
may be amorphous or semi crystalline.

TYPES OF PLASTICS PRODUCTS:-


 Plastic bags
 Coatings
 Furniture
 Sheets
 Fittings.
 Tanks
 Toys
 Buckets
 Sanitary ware
 Stationary

POLLUTANTS FROM PLASTICS:-


 Plastics release pollutants:-
 Poly brominated di-phenyl ethers (PBDE).
 Nonylphenols
 Bisphenols A
 Phthalates.
 Plastics absorb hydrophobics pollutants:-
 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS)
 Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloro ethane (DDT)
 Dichloro Diphenyl Dichloro ethylene (DDE)

PVC when burned result in emissions of the deadly poisons


named dioxins.
Dioxins are highly persistent compounds, with the potential
to become increasingly concentrated in the living tissues as
they move up the food chain. It is often considered to be the
man-made compound most toxic to animals.

WHY IS THERE “SO MUCH” PLASTIC


POLLUTION??
 We currently recover only 5% of the plastics we
produce.
 Pollution exists today due to the society’s lack of
environmental awareness and the ease of simply
littering plastics.

WHO IS AFFECTED?
The species that is affected by plastic pollution is
the marine, aquatic population.
 To a sea turtle, a floating plastic bag looks
like a jellyfish.
 When they eat these plastics, it clogs their
intestines, and they miss out on vital
nutrients, and ultimately starve to death.
 Other types of loose plastics entangled birds,
fish and mammals, making it difficult, if not
impossible to move or eat, which too leads to
their ultimate demise.
HOW DOES PLASTIC WASTE IMPACT OCEANS?
Plastic is accumulating at an alarming rate in our oceans,Wreaking
havoc on wildlife, polluting our beaches and entering our food chain.
Our addiction to use-and-toss items is causing this growing problems.
PLASTIC BAGS pose a serious danger to birds and marine animals that often
mistake them for food.
Thousands of marine animals and more than 1 million birds die each year as a
result of plastic pollution.

WHAT WE CAN DO?


 Say NO to plastic check-out bags while shopping and buy reusable bags or
bring your shopping instead.
 Use glass/ ceramic instead of plastic in Microwave.
 Replace plastic travel mugs with stainless steel for hot bevarages.
 When you can’t avoid plastic, check container bottoms for recycling codes.
Choose those easily recycled.
 Shop at the local farmer’s markets. Buy can instead of the plastic bottle.
LIFE CYCLE STAGES OF PLASTICS;-
Toxic
By-products/wastes incineration

Distribution End of life


MANUFACTURE USE OF Disposal of
OF PLASTICS
Landfills
PLASTICS plastics

Leaching of chemicals and recycling


Enter human food chain
PREVENTION OF PLASTIC POLLUTION

PREVENTION STRATEGIES:

REFUSE:- REDUCE:- RECYCLE:


REUSE:-
Refuse Choose Recycling
plastic carry Re-use is not a
products
bags at the non toxic sustainable
with
grocer’s minimum
containers solution.
shop. Use and
plastic It can be
natural fiber goods.
packaging. last option.
bags.
OUR RESPONSIBILITY:-
 It’s impossible to eliminate most plastic from daily life,but it’s
prudent for our health and environment to curb the use of same.
 Proper management for disposal and public awareness would bring
a great difference in present situation.
 Overall reduction in plastic usage.
 Hand over plastics properly for recycling or diposal.
 Do not let plastic litter the environment.
FUTURE OF PLASTICS:-
 Biodegradable plastic seems to show some light, however, they
too come with certain disadvantages. When degraded,these emit
harmful CO2 and CH4 .
 However, there is a recycled plastic curbstone,which acts as a
substitute to building materials.
 “oxo-biodegradable” plastics are co-friendly as when degraded
they emit no methane.
 Many developing countries like india are banning them, the
plastic bags should be utilized elsewhere.

WHAT CAN WE DO TO SAVE OUR ENVIRONMENT?


The two best changes we can do are:-
 Use less plastics
 To reuse plastics when possible.
 Lead by example
 Ask your friends and family to join you.
 Speak to city council
 Write letters to government officials.
 Get your institute involved.
CONCLUSIONS:-
 Enormous quantities of plastic are produced and used.
 It is convenient (use and throw away).
 Although some plastics are recyclable,not enough is
recycled.
 Plastic waste pose a serious threat to environment.
 Laws, economical measures and education help.

-:GOOD LUCK:-

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