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P2-Motion & Force PDF

1) The document discusses different types of motion including translational, linear, oscillatory, periodic, random, circular, and rotational motion. 2) It also discusses different types of forces including muscular, mechanical, gravitational, magnetic, static electric, nuclear, elastic, centrifugal, and frictional forces. 3) Friction is further explained as sliding friction, rolling friction, and fluid friction. The advantages and disadvantages of friction are provided. Ways to reduce and increase friction are also mentioned.

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510 views

P2-Motion & Force PDF

1) The document discusses different types of motion including translational, linear, oscillatory, periodic, random, circular, and rotational motion. 2) It also discusses different types of forces including muscular, mechanical, gravitational, magnetic, static electric, nuclear, elastic, centrifugal, and frictional forces. 3) Friction is further explained as sliding friction, rolling friction, and fluid friction. The advantages and disadvantages of friction are provided. Ways to reduce and increase friction are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

HarshaWakodkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dr.

Homi Bhabha Competition Test Series

Topics : Physics P2 : Motion & Force

Motion : Is the change of position of body with time ,with respect to a stationary body.

Type of Motion

Translatory motion : Translational motion results in a change of location.


If body moves in a straight line it is called rectilinear
If body moves in a curved line, the motion is called curvilinear

Linear Motion : Motion in only one direction


Eg. athlete running 100m along a straight track.
Motion of ants

(1.1) Uniform linear : Motion in which a specific distance is being covered in a particular period .
The motion of a body with a constant velocity is called uniform motion. This kind of motion is
always linear.

(1.2) Non uniform linear : Motion in which a specific distance is being covered without time period
The motion of a body in a straight line but with changing velocity is called non uniform linear
motion.

(2) Oscillatory motion is repetitive and fluctuates between two locations.

(3) Periodic Motion: When a moving object passed through certain point at regular interval
of time , the motion is called Periodic Motion

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Difference between Oscillatory and Periodic motion

While oscillatory motion will almost certainly be periodic, not all periodic motion will be oscillatory.
A common example is the orbit of the earth around the sun. A complete orbit takes roughly 365 days and therefore
this is a periodic motion. However, cannot be said to be oscillatory.
Movement of pendulum in watch is oscillatory & periodic.

(4) Random Motion: If body moving in any direction. Movement of fish in below picture

(5) Circular Motion: If a motion of a body moving in a circular path around a fixed axis .e.g. revolution of Earth
in a circular motion direction keeps on changing.

(6) Compound Motion: More than one motion takes place simultaneously
e.g. Rolling ball, Earth’s rotation, revolution

(7) Rotational motion occurs when an object spins.: Rotation of earth

Speed  Is the distance travelled in a unit of time.


Speed = Distance Travelled / Time taken to travel a distance
M.K.S Unit = m/sec
C.G.S = cm /s

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Force

Definition of force : It is a push or pull acting on an object.


S.I unit is Newton C.G.S unit is Dyne

Type of Force

1. Muscular : The force applied using parts of the body like arms or legs.

2. Mechanical : The force applied by using machines

3. Gravitational: The force applied by the earth: The gravitational force is the weight of an object

4. Magnetic: The force come from the magnetism of bars

5. Static electric force: The force which is produced due to friction.

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6. Nuclear Force: Force of attraction between the particles in the nucleus of atom.
It is the strongest force

7. Elastic force: When objects are stretched bend or twisted.

8. Centrifugal force: If body is moving in circular path then the force acting on it
directed away from center.
ex. churning of butter from curd.

9. Frictional Force: Act between a moving object and the surface along which it moves. It always act in a
direction opposite to the motion of the body.

Friction can be a useful force because it prevents our shoes slipping on the pavement when we walk and
stops car tyres skidding on the road.

When you walk, friction is caused between the tread on shoes and the ground. This friction acts to grip the
ground and prevent sliding.

1) Sliding friction : Friction force offered when sliding of an object. example:falling on the
pavement

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2) Rolling friction: occurs when an object rolls over another (something with wheels or that is
circular like a ball) example: riding a motorcycle
Rolling friction < Sliding friction (area with contact with surface is lesser compare to sliding an
object)

3) Fluid friction or Drag: Force exerted by fluid (liquid or gas ).Occurs when a object moves
through a fluid, meaning either a liquid or gas examples: skydiving, swimming

To reduce fluid friction shape of bird , fish , boat and plane has stream line shape

Advantages of friction:



Walking: You could not walk without the friction between your shoes and the ground.
Writing: Writing with a pencil requires friction. You could not hold a pencil in your hand without


friction.
Driving Car: Your car would not start moving or stop the car if it wasn't for the friction of the tires
against the street. With no friction, the tires would just spin

Disadvantages of friction

Makes movement difficult:Any time you want to move an object, friction can make the job more difficult.
Excess friction can make it difficult to slide a box across the floor, ride a bicycle or walk through deep
snow.

Wastes energy: In any type of vehicle—such as a car, boat or airplane—excess friction means that extra
fuel must be used to power the vehicle. In other words, fuel or energy is being wasted because of the
friction.

Heats Parts:The friction of parts rubbing together creates heat.

Reducing friction

Consider the situation where you wanted to slide a heavy box across the floor. You would want to reduce
the friction between the box and the floor, so that it would be easy to move. Lubrication is often a way to
reduce friction. There are also sliders or rollers that can be used to reduce the friction.

Need for friction

But you would also want to increase the friction of your shoes on the floor, so that you would be able to get
good traction and be able to push effectively. Soles made of rubber material that include treads can reduce
slipping when walking, running or pushing a heavy object.

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