EUROPEAN STANDARD FINAL DRAFT

NORME EUROPÉENNE prEN 14891

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2006

ICS 91.100.25

English Version

Liquid applied water impermeable products for use beneath

ceramic tiling bonded with adhesives - Requirements, test
methods, evaluation of conformity, classification and designation

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 67.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14891:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
prEN 14891:2006 (E)

Contents

Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................3
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................4
3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................................................5
4 Requirements .................................................................................................................................................5
5 Evaluation of conformity...............................................................................................................................6
6 Classification and designation.....................................................................................................................9
7 Marking and labelling ..................................................................................................................................10
Annex A (normative) Test methods.........................................................................................................................12
Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................25

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Foreword
This document (prEN 14891:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 67 “Ceramic tiles”, the
secretariat of which is held by UNI.

This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association.

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1 Scope
This European Standard applies to all liquid-applied water impermeable products, based on polymer modified
cementitious mortars, dispersions and reaction resin coatings, used beneath ceramic tiling, for internal and external
tile installations on walls and floors.

This European Standard gives the terminology concerning the products and specifies the test methods and the
values of performance requirements for liquid applied water impermeable products associated with tile adhesives.

This European Standard specifies the evaluation of conformity and the classification and designation of liquid-
applied water impermeable products beneath ceramic tiling.

This European Standard does not contain recommendations for the design and installation of ceramic tiles and
grouts in combination with water impermeable products.

NOTE 1 Liquid-applied water impermeable products may also be used beneath other types of tiles (natural and
agglomerated stones etc.), where they do not adversely affect these materials.

NOTE 2 The user of this European Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This European Standard
does not purport to address all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish
appropriate health and safety practices and to ensure compliance with any European and national regulatory conditions.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.

EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement — Part 1: Determination of strength

EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements

EN 480-1:2006, Admixture for concrete, mortar and grout — Test methods — Part 1: Reference concrete and
mortar for testing

EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete — Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water,
including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete

EN 1067, Adhesives — Examination and preparation of samples for testing

EN 1323, Adhesives for tiles — Concrete slab for test

EN 12004, Adhesives for tiles — Definitions and specifications

EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete — Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests

EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete

EN 14411, Ceramic tiles — Definitions, classification, characteristics and marking (ISO 13006:1998, modified)

EN ISO 15605, Adhesives — Sampling (ISO 15605:2000)

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3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
liquid applied water impermeable product
single- or multicomponent waterproofing material applied in a uniform layer, beneath ceramic tiling. The water
impermeable layer can include a reinforcing cloth or mesh

3.2
polymer modified cementitious liquid applied water impermeable product (CM)
mixture of hydraulic binding agents, aggregates and organic additives that has only to be mixed with water or liquid
admixture just before use

3.3
dispersion liquid applied water impermeable product (DM)
mixture of organic binding agent(s) in the form of an aqueous polymer dispersion, organic additives and mineral
fillers. The mixture is ready for use

3.4
reaction resin liquid applied water impermeable product (RM)
mixture of synthetic resin, mineral fillers and organic additives in which hardening occurs by chemical reaction.
They are available in one or more component forms

3.5
crack bridging ability
ability of the hardened waterproofing material to withstand movement of the cracks without deterioration

3.6
primer
liquid coating applied to the surface, prior to the application of a liquid product, to improve adhesion and durability
of the bond

3.7
fundamental characteristics
characteristics that a liquid-applied water impermeable product absolutely need to have

3.8
optional characteristics
characteristics for specific service conditions where enhanced levels of performance are required or which provide
further information about its general performance

4 Requirements
The liquid-applied water impermeable products shall comply with the characteristics specified in Table 1 a.

Table 1 b gives the additional characteristics that might be required for special service conditions.

The amount of water and/or liquid admixture required for preparing the cementitious liquid applied water
impermeable products shall be the same for all tests.

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Table 1 — Product requirements

1a FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS

Characteristic Requirement Test method

2
Initial tensile adhesion strength ≥ 0,5 N/mm A.6.2

Tensile adhesion strength after water contact ≥ 0,5 N/mm2 A.6.3 or A.6.4

2
Tensile adhesion strength after heat ageing ≥ 0,5 N/mm A.6.5

Tensile adhesion strength after freeze-thaw cycles ≥ 0,5 N/mm2 A.6.6

2
Tensile adhesion strength after contact with lime water ≥ 0,5 N/mm A.6.9

Waterproofing No penetration A.7

Crack bridging ability in standard conditions ≥ 0,75 mm A.8.2

1b OPTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

Characteristic Requirement Test method

2
Tensile adhesion strength after contact with chlorinated water ≥ 0,5 N/mm A.6.7 or A.6.8

Crack bridging ability at low temperature ≥ 0,75 mm A.8.3

5 Evaluation of conformity

5.1 Principle

The scheme for the evaluation of conformity includes the following elements:

 initial type tests;

 Factory Production Control (FPC);

 registration and traceability.

Manufacturers having a Quality System complying with EN ISO 9001 and made specific to the requirements of this
European Standard are assumed to meet the requirements related to Factory Production Control.

5.2 Initial type testing

On first evaluation of a product to the requirements of this European Standard, or before the beginning of sale of a
new product, appropriate initial type testing shall be carried out to confirm that the characteristics of the product
meet the requirements of this European Standard. Tests which have previously been performed in accordance with
the provisions of this European Standard (same product, same characteristic, test method, sampling procedure
etc.) may be taken into account for the purpose of demonstrating satisfactory initial type testing.

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Initial tests shall also be carried out on existing products after any change in raw materials or manufacturing
procedures that can modify the declared values of the characteristics or application properties.

In these cases the appropriate initial type testing to be carried out shall be for those characteristics and properties
that can be affected and need confirmation; any new property or properties arising from a change of formulation or
manufacturing procedure shall be tested and the results reported.

The initial type testing shall be performed as listed in Table 2.

The results of initial tests shall be recorded and be available for inspection. They shall be kept for at least 10 years
after the date of last manufacture of the product to which they relate.

5.3 Factory Production Control

5.3.1 General

A Factory Production Control (FPC) plan shall be established and documented in a manual.

Any change in raw materials, manufacturing procedures or control plan that can affect the properties of the product
shall be recorded.

The manual shall include the FPC procedures relevant to the declared properties, as confirmed by the initial tests.

The FPC procedures shall consist of a system for the production quality control to ensure that the product conforms
to this European Standard.

The production control shall consist of the following main phases:

 inspection and testing of raw materials;

 inspection and testing of production equipment and process;

 inspection and testing of finished products.

5.3.2 Production

5.3.2.1 Raw materials

The acceptance criteria and control procedures for incoming materials shall be defined by the manufacturer, to
ensure that these are not used until it has been verified that they conform to the required specifications.

5.3.2.2 Production process

The manufacturer shall identify and define the plant and production processes and ensure that the processes are
carried out under controlled conditions clearly described in documented operating procedures. The processes shall
be verified by means of inspections and testing documented in a plan, as frequency and values or criteria required,
both on equipment and on operations in the process.

The action to be taken when control values or criteria are not obtained shall be given.

5.3.3 Finished products

As appropriate, the factory production control system incorporates a sampling plan and the frequency of testing for
the finished product. The number and size of the samples, the frequency of sampling, the tests performed and the
results obtained, shall be recorded.

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The frequency of sampling and testing can be determined from statistical principles, ensuring that the
corresponding production conforms to the compliance criteria in this European Standard and achieves the required
values for products. The tests can also be performed with the frequency described in Table 2.

These records shall be available for inspection by relevant parties.

Table 2 — Initial type testing and production control frequency

Production
Test Initial type
Characteristic control
method test
frequency
Initial tensile adhesion strength A.6.2 y A
Tensile adhesion strength after water contact A.6.3 y A
Tensile adhesion strength after heat ageing A.6.4 y A
Tensile adhesion strength after freeze-thaw cycles A.6.5 y A
Tensile adhesion strength after contact with lime water A.6.7 y A
Waterproofing A.7 y A
Crack bridging ability A.8.2 y A
Tensile adhesion strength after contact with chlorinated water A.6.6 (y) (A)
Crack-bridging ability at low temperature A.8.3 (y) (A)
NOTE y means « yes » ; (y) means « yes, if relevant for the product ».
A means «at six month interval»; (A) means «at six month interval if relevant for the product».

For the purpose of the Factory Production Control alternative tests to those given in Table 2 may be used, provided
that a correlation of the results between both tests, for the product in question, is established. The use of
alternative tests shall be recorded, maintained and be made available on request from a relevant party.

5.3.4 Equipment

All the measuring instruments used for production or testing shall be identified, calibrated and kept in good order, in
accordance with documented procedures and instructions.

The manufacturer shall establish an appropriate plan detailing the procedures and frequency of these checks and
shall maintain the registrations. Test equipment shall be calibrated to traceable standards.

5.3.5 Statistical techniques

Where and when possible and applicable, the results of inspections and testing shall be interpreted by means of
statistical techniques, by attributes or by variables, to verify the product characteristics and to determine if the
production conforms with the compliance criteria and the product conforms to the declared values.

5.4 Registration, traceability and nonconforming materials

5.4.1 Registration

The records of inspections and testing shall be collected, stored and retained in a way to prevent damage,
deterioration or loss.

These records shall be maintained for 5 years and shall be made available on request from a relevant party.

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5.4.2 Identification and traceability

Where appropriate, the manufacturer shall establish and maintain in the FPC manual suitable procedures for the
identification and traceability of materials from receipt of raw materials and during all stages of production and
delivery.

5.4.3 Non-conforming materials and corrective actions

The manufacturer shall ensure by means of procedures, documented in the FPC manual, that the materials (raw
materials, packaging, finished products) that do not conform to the specified requirements are clearly identified
and/or segregated to prevent their use or despatch.

The non-conforming material may be reworked to meet the specifications, reclassified or rejected and discarded,
with a corrective action described and recorded in a non-conformity report.

5.4.4 Management and personnel

The management activities to ensure that all of the above requirements operate shall be described in the manual.

The manufacturer shall ensure that all personnel involved in the process receive the appropriate training to perform
their duties.

Where appropriate, all educational and training activities shall be recorded to prove the personnel qualification.

The job description and the responsibilities of the operatives shall be given in the FPC manual.

6 Classification and designation

The liquid-applied water impermeable products are classified into one of the three types, according to the
definitions given in Clause 3:

CM cementitious liquid-applied water impermeable products;

DM dispersion liquid-applied water impermeable products;

RM reaction resin liquid-applied water impermeable products.

For each type it is possible to have different classes, related to the different optional characteristics given in
Table 1b. These classes are designated by the following abbreviations:

O with crack bridging ability at low temperature;

P resistant to contact with chlorinated water (i.e. for use in swimming pools).

The product is designated with the symbol for the type (CM, DM or RM), followed by the abbreviation of the class or
classes it belongs to. Table 3 describes the designation of the products types and classes.

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Table 3 — Examples of classification and designation

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

TYPE CLASS

CM Normal cementitious liquid-applied water impermeable product

DM Normal dispersion liquid-applied water impermeable product

RM Normal reaction resin liquid-applied water impermeable product

Cementitious liquid-applied water impermeable product with crack bridging ability at low
CM O
temperature

Reaction resin liquid-applied water impermeable product with crack bridging ability at
RM O
low temperature

Cementitious liquid-applied water impermeable product resistant to contact with

CM P
chlorinated water

Dispersion liquid-applied water impermeable product resistant to contact with

DM P
chlorinated water

Reaction resin liquid-applied water impermeable product resistant to contact with

RM P
chlorinated water

Cementitious liquid-applied water impermeable product with crack bridging ability at low
CM OP
temperature and resistant to contact with chlorinated water

Reaction resin liquid-applied water impermeable product with crack bridging ability at
RM OP
low temperature and resistant to contact with chlorinated water

7 Marking and labelling

Products complying with the requirements of this European Standard shall be clearly marked with the following
information:

a) name of the product;

b) manufacturer’s mark and place of origin;

c) date or code of production, shelf life and conditions of storage;

d) number of this European Standard, i.e. EN 14891 and date of issue;

e) type of product according to Clause 6 (using symbols given in Clause 6);

f) instructions for use:

- mix proportions (where applicable);

- maturing time (where applicable);

- pot life;

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- mode of application (including recommended primer and/or mesh);

- minimum quantity or thickness of the product;

- delay for installing ceramic tiles;

- recommended adhesive;

- field of application (internal, external, wall, floor etc.)

NOTE 1 In the designation of a liquid-applied water impermeable product, information about special properties may be
included when the product is intended for use in specific applications.

This information shall be marked on the packaging and/or on the product’s technical data sheet.

NOTE 2 This does not remove the requirement that all manufacturers claiming compliance with this European
Standard should state declared values for the properties of their products, when required.

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Annex A
(normative)

Test methods

A.1 Sampling
Take a sample of at least 2 kg of the product to be tested in accordance with EN ISO 15605 and EN 1067.

A.2 Test conditions

Standard conditions shall be (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % Relative Humidity and a circulation of air in the working
area less than 0,2 m/s.

When the test specimens have to be conditioned according to the test method, the tolerances in the time of
conditioning for all test specimens shall be as follows:

Conditioning Tolerance

24 h ± 0,5 h

7 days ± 3 h

14 days ± 6 h

21 days ± 9 h

28 days ± 12 h

A.3 Test materials

Condition all test materials for at least 24 h under standard conditions. The materials to be tested shall be within
their shelf life.

A.3.1 Ceramic tiles

The tiles shall be clean and dry.

The tiles used for this method shall be of:

type V1: fully vitrified tile complying with EN 14411, with a water absorption ≤ 0,2 % by mass, unglazed and with a
plain adhering surface, with facial dimensions of (50 ± 1) mm × (50 ± 1) mm.

A.3.2 Test substrate

A.3.2.1 Concrete slab

The concrete slab shall comply with EN 1323.

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A.3.2.2 Other substrates (optional)

Other substrates may be used upon agreement if the substrate is recommended for the ceramic tile application by
the manufacturer. To demonstrate compatibility with other optional substrates, the product shall be applied to the
selected substrate in accordance with the initial adhesion test method (A 4.6.2). When a result of more or equal to
0,5 N/mm2 is achieved or cohesive failure occurs in the substrate, the requirement is considered satisfied.

A.3.3 Ceramic tile adhesive

The ceramic tile adhesive shall comply with EN 12004.

A.3.4 Sodium hypochlorite

Technically pure sodium hypochlorite.

A.4 Apparatus

A.4.1 Weight

A weight of less than 50 mm × 50 mm cross sectional area, capable of exerting a force of (20 ± 0,05) N.

A.4.2 Pull head plates

Square metallic plates, with dimensions of 50 mm × 50) mm and a minimum thickness of 10 mm with a suitable
fitting for connection to the test machine.

A.4.3 Machine for pull testing

A test machine for direct pull tensile force test and with suitable capacity and sensitivity for the test. The machine
shall be capable of applying the load to the pull-head plate at the rate of (250 ± 50) N/s through a suitable fitting
that does not exert any bending force.

A.4.4 Air-circulating oven

An air-circulating oven capable of controlling the temperature to within ± 3 °C.

A.4.5 Mould

The mould shall consist of six horizontal compartments so that six prismatic specimens
(12 ± 0,1) mm × (40 ± 1) mm × (160 ± 1) mm, with a square hole, with (4 ± 0,1) mm side in the middle of the
narrowest face, can be prepared simultaneously. In order to avoid the sliding of the sample in the dynamometer,
the ends of the specimen shall be greater than the middle (see Figure A.1) and a clamp as the one reported in
Figure A.2 shall be used.

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Dimensions in millimetres

Figure A.1 — Mould

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Dimensions in millimetres

Figure A.2 — Clamp

A.4.6 Jig

Any jig capable of cracking the specimen in a position corresponding to the hole, without damaging the applied
water impermeable product (see Figure A.3).

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Dimensions in millimetres

Figure A.3 — Jig

A.4.7 Equipment for permeability test

Any equipment which permits the specified specimen (A.7) to be placed in such a way that the water pressure acts
from above the specimen. The machine shall permit the unexposed faces to be observed to detect any possible
sign of water permeation (see Figure A.4). The internal diameter of the sealing ring shall be (100 ± 1) mm.

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Key

1 water pressure

2 sealing ring

3 water impermeable product

4 concrete slab

Figure A.4 — Typical arrangement for determining the waterproofing

A.4.8 Machine for tensile testing

A machine for tensile testing, capable of measuring the elongation with a precision of 0,01 mm and the load with a
precision of 1 N.

A.5 Mixing of liquid-applied water impermeable products

To prepare the cementitious, dispersion or reaction resin liquid water impermeable materials follow the
manufacturer’s instructions.

The amount of water and/or liquid admixture required for preparing the cementitious water impermeable product
shall be as stated by the manufacturer in parts by weight, i.e. liquid to dry powder (if a range of values is given, the
average shall be used).

The amount of water and/or liquid admixture required for preparing the product shall be the same for all tests.

A.6 Adhesion tests

A.6.1 Preparation of test pieces

Apply the liquid water impermeable product to the surface of the substrate (A.3.2) in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions, including a primer if required. Where recommended, the water impermeable material
should be applied in two or more layers, inserting if requested a reinforcing cloth or mesh. With some products, a
sprinkling of silica sand into the top layer is required to improve adhesion to the surface.
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Before applying the adhesive, allow the coated concrete slabs to dry in standard conditions for at least 24 h, unless
the manufacturer gives different instructions.

Apply a thin layer of the adhesive to the water impermeable product with a straight edge trowel. Then apply a
thicker layer and comb with a notched trowel having 6 mm × 6 mm notches at 12 mm centres.

After 5 min place nine type V1 tiles on the adhesive at a distance apart of 50 mm and load each tile with
(20 ± 0,05) N for 30 s.

The trowel shall be held at an angle of approximately 60° to the substrate at a right angle to one edge of the slab
and drawn across the slab parallel to that edge, in a straight line. The adhesive between the tiles must not be
removed.

A.6.2 Initial adhesion

Prepare the test pieces in accordance with A.6.1.

After 27 days bond the pull head plates to the tiles with a suitable high strength adhesive (e.g. epoxide).

After a total of 28 days storage under standard conditions determine the tensile adhesion strength by applying a
force at a constant rate of (250 ± 50) N/s.

Before the bond strength is determined, the sample surface shall be cut through to the surface of the concrete slab,
around the perimeter of each tile.

Report the results in N.

A.6.3 Adhesion strength after water contact

Prepare the test pieces in accordance with A.6.1. Then, form an upstand, approximately 10 mm high, around the
perimeter of the upper surface of the coated slab by applying, for example, a bead of silicone sealant. Condition the
test pieces in standard conditions for 7 days.

Fill the reservoir formed by the sealant upstand to about 6 mm depth of water at the standard temperature. After
20 days, during which time the water level should be maintained at about 6 mm, pour away the water and wipe the
surface of the test piece tiles dry with a cloth, before bonding the pull head plates to the tiles. After a further 7 h, fill
the reservoir with a 6 mm depth of water at the standard temperature once again.

The following day pour away the water and immediately carry out the tensile adhesion test in accordance with A.6.2.

Report the results in N.

A.6.4 Alternative method for adhesion strength after water contact

Prepare the surface of the test pieces in accordance with A.6.1.

All remaining faces of the slab, including the underside, shall then be sealed with an impervious, waterproof coating
material, such as an epoxide or polyester based product, ensuring complete integrity of the coating on all the edges
and at the junction with the liquid applied water impermeable product on the upper face.

Condition the test pieces in standard conditions for 7 days and immerse them in water at the standard temperature.

After 20 days remove the test pieces from the water, wipe with a cloth and bond the pull head plates to the tiles.
After a further 7 h immerse the test pieces in water at the standard temperature.

The following day remove the test pieces from water and immediately carry out the tensile adhesion test in
accordance with A.6.2.

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A.6.5 Adhesion strength after heat ageing

Prepare the test pieces in accordance with A.6.1.

Condition the test pieces in standard conditions for 14 days and then place them in an air-circulating oven at
(70 ± 3) °C for a further 14 days. Remove from the oven and bond the pull head plates to the tiles with a suitable
high strength adhesive (e.g. epoxide).

Condition the test pieces for a further 24 h in standard conditions.

Determine the tensile adhesion strength in accordance with A.6.2.

Report the results in N.

A.6.6 Adhesion after freeze-thaw cycle

Prepare the surface of the test pieces in accordance with A.6.1. In addition, a layer of the adhesive approximately
1 mm thick, shall be applied with a straight edge trowel to the back face of the type V1 tile before placing.

All remaining faces of the slab, including the underside, shall then be sealed with an impervious, waterproof coating
material, such as an epoxide or polyester based product, ensuring complete integrity of the coating on all the edges
and at the junction with the liquid applied water impermeable product on the upper face.

Condition the test pieces for 7 days in standard conditions, followed by immersing in water for 21 days before
carrying out 25 freeze-thaw cycles.

For each freeze-thaw cycle:

1 - remove the test pieces from the water and lower the temperature to ( -15 ± 3) °C within 2 hours ± 20 min;

2 - maintain the test pieces at ( -15 ± 3) °C for 2 h ± 20 min;

3 - immerse in water at (20 ± 3) °C and raise the temperature to (15 ± 3) °C and maintain this temperature for
2 h ± 20 min.

Repeat the cycle 25 times. After the last cycle wipe the surface of the tiles with a cloth and bond the pull head
plates to the tiles. Allow the test pieces to reach standard conditions for at least 7 h and then determine the tensile
strength in accordance with A.6.2.

Report the results in N.

A.6.7 Adhesion after contact with chlorinated water

Prepare the test pieces in accordance with A.6.1 and form the reservoir in accordance with A.6.3.

Condition for 28 days before pouring an approximate 6 mm depth of chlorinated water into the reservoir. After
7 days pour away the chlorine water, rinse with clean tap water, wipe with a cloth and bond the pull head plates to
the tiles. After a further 24 h in standard conditions, carry out the tensile adhesion test in accordance with A.6.2.

Report the results in N.

A.6.8 Alternative method for adhesion after contact with chlorinated water

Prepare the surface of the test pieces in accordance with A.6.1.

All remaining faces of the slab, including the underside, shall then be sealed with an impervious, waterproof coating
material, such as an epoxide or polyester based product, ensuring complete integrity of the coating on all the edges
and at the junction with the liquid applied water impermeable product on the upper face.

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Condition the test pieces in standard conditions for 28 days, and immerse them in chlorinated water at the standard
temperature.

After 7 days remove the test pieces from the chlorinated water, wipe with a cloth and bond the pull head plates to
the tiles.

After a further 24 h in standard conditions, carry out the tensile adhesion test in accordance with A.6.2.

The testing solution, with a chloride and sulfate content of 200 mg/l each, shall be prepared with the addition of
sodium chloride and sodium sulfate to fresh water.

The water shall be chlorinated by addition of technically pure sodium hypochlorite (A.3.4).

The chlorine water concentration shall be kept constant within the range 0,3 mg/l to 0,6 mg/l checking the active
chlorine content in water by titration.

The pH value shall be determined daily and shall be kept in the range 6,5 to 7,8; any correction required should be
carried out by increasing pH with the addition of sodium hydroxide, or by decreasing it with the addition of
hydrochloric acid, daily.

The immersion time of the test pieces shall be extended for the time the active chlorine content was below the limit
value of 0,3 mg/l (for example on Sundays and holidays).

A.6.9 Adhesion after contact with lime water

Prepare the test pieces in accordance with A.6.1. All remaining faces of the slab, including the underside, shall then
be sealed with an impervious, waterproof coating material, such as an epoxide or polyester based product,
ensuring complete integrity of the coating on all the edges and at the junction with the liquid applied water
impermeable product on the upper face.

Condition the test unit in standard conditions for 28 days and then immerse them in saturated lime water (pH ≥ 12)
at 40 °C.

After 7 days remove the test pieces from the lime water, rinse with clean water, wipe with a cloth and bond the pull
head plates to the tiles. After a further 24 h in standard conditions, carry out the tensile adhesion test in accordance
with A.6.2.

Report the results in N.

A.6.10 Evaluation and expression of the results

2
The individual tensile adhesion strength is determined to an accuracy of ± 0,1 N/ mm using the following equation:

S=L/A

where
2
S is the individual tensile adhesion strength in N/ mm mg/l

L is the total load in N;

A is the bonding area in mm2 (2 500 mm2).

The tensile adhesion strength for each set of conditions is determined as follows:

 determine the mean of the ten values;

 discard the values falling out of the range of ± 20 % from the mean value;

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 if five or more than five values remain, determine the new mean value;

 if less than five values remain, repeat the test;

 determine the mode of failure of the test pieces.

A.7 Water impermeability

The test sample is a slab with minimum dimension 150 mm × 150 mm × 100 mm prepared using a water
permeable concrete and with a plane surface (Figure A..4). In order to have a permeable concrete it is necessary to
use a water/cement ratio ≥ 1. The concrete shall be manufactured according to the following mix-design:

 CEM 32,5 R or 42,5 R type I, II, III and IV according to EN 197-1 250 kg/m3;

 aggregate with particle size range 0-16mm according to EN 12620 1 750 kg/m3;

 mixing water according to EN 1008 250 kg/m3.

NOTE In case of bleeding, the addition of WRA (water retention admixture, according to EN 934-2) can be used.
The particle size distribution of the aggregate is in compliance with the continuous grading curve in Figure A.5.

Key

X nominal aperture size (mm)

Y passing, as a percentage by mass

Figure A.5 — Particle size distribution of the aggregate

The concrete shall be prepared according to EN 480-1:2006, 6.2. The concrete specimens shall be manufactured
according EN 12390-2 and cured at 23 ± 2°C, 50 % R. H., for at least 28 days.

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Before applying the liquid water-impermeable product, one face of the concrete specimen shall be abraded and
cleaned, in order to remove all the traces of release agent.

The liquid water impermeable product shall be applied to the surface of one face of the concrete slab in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions, using a primer if required. When recommended the waterproofing material
shall be applied in two or more layers, inserting if requested a reinforcing cloth or mesh.

Prepare three pieces for the test.

Condition the coated concrete slab in standard conditions for 28 days.

At the end of the conditioning the specimens shall be placed in the equipment described in A.4.7 and subjected to
a water pressure of 1,5 bar for 7 days. The pressure shall be kept constant throughout the test.

If water penetrates through to the underside of the specimen or if the unexposed faces show signs of water
penetration, the test may be terminated.

Immediately after the pressure has been released, the specimen shall be removed and broken, in the middle, in the
direction of the water penetration using a compressive test machine, in order to evaluate if any water penetration
has occurred.

A.8 Crack bridging ability

A.8.1 General

The test pieces are mortar prisms, with dimensions (160 ± 1) mm × (40 ± 1) mm × (12 ± 0,1) mm, with a square
hole, with (4 ± 0,1) mm side, in the middle of the narrow face as per Figure A.6.

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure A.6 — Crack-bridging ability test sample

The specimens shall be manufactured using the following mortar:

 CEM I 52,5 R according to EN 197-1 675 g;

 silica sand according to EN 196-1 1 350 g;

 HRWR (high-range water-reduction) 0,5 % to 1,5 % on the cement weight (added to the mixing
water);

 mixing water (according to EN 196-1) 303 g.

The dosage of the superplasticizer should be adjusted to get a mortar with high fluidity, without segregation. A
fluidity in the range 270 mm to 300 mm according to EN 1015-3 is advisable.

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The surface of the mould (A.4.5) shall be treated with a thin layer of an emulsion-based release agent which can be
easily removed.

The mortar shall be mixed and conditioned according to EN 196-1. After being prepared, the mortar is poured into
the mould and compacted manually, if it’s necessary.

After de-moulding the specimens shall be abraded (in the zone where the product shall be applied) to remove all
traces of the release agent and then are cured for at least 28 days in water at 20 °C.

Remove the test pieces from the water and condition for a further 24 h in standard conditions.

By means of a suitable template with 60 mm × 30 mm internal dimensions apply the waterproofing material to the
opposing faces of the specimen (A.6) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, using a primer if required.
When recommended, the waterproofing material should be applied in two or more layers, inserting if requested a
reinforcing cloth or mesh.

Prepare three pieces for the test.

The applied product is cured in standard conditions for 28 days.

At the end of conditioning the prism is cracked, using a suitable jig (A.4), without damaging the water-impermeable
product. Put the specimen in the jig, as reported in Figure A.4, and slowly turn the screw on, until a crack appears
near the square hole. Remove the specimen, in order to test according to A.8.2 or A.8.3.

A.8.2 Crack bridging ability in standard conditions

The crack-bridging at the first failure of the product is evaluated by using a dynamometer (A.4.8) at a speed of
0,15 mm/min.

The specimen prepared according to A.8 is held by a suitable clamp (see Figure A.2). A 20 N pre-tensile load shall
be applied, the elongation is set to zero, then the test can be started at 0,15 mm/min rate, without any torsion or
flexion of the test specimen.

A.8.3 Crack bridging ability at low temperature

The test described in A.8.2 shall be carried out with a device to maintain the temperature at (- 20 ± 2) °C.

The specimen prepared according to A.8 is held by a suitable clamp (see Figure A.2) and is kept at - 20 °C for 2 h
at least. A 20 N pre-tensile load shall be applied, the elongation is set to zero, then the test can be started at
0,15 mm/min rate, without any torsion or flexion of the test specimen.

The test ends when the first failure on the surface of the product is visible.

Report the result in mm to the nearest 0,01 mm.

A.9 Test report

The test report shall include the following information:

a) the number and date of this European Standard, i.e. EN 14891:2006;

b) the place, date and time of sampling;

c) type of liquid applied waterproofing material, commercial designation and manufacturer;

d) identification of the test sample;

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e) handling and storage of samples before testing;

f) date of testing;

g) test conditions;

h) amount of water and/or liquid admixture required for preparing the cementitious water impermeable product;

i) description of the primer and of the reinforcing cloth or mesh used;

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j) coverage of primer and product (g/m );

k) type and commercial designation of the adhesive used;

l) tests results (adhesion, water impermeability, crack bridging ability);

m) any other factor that could have influenced the result.

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Bibliography

[1] EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 2: Concrete admixtures — Definitions,
requirements, conformity, making and labelling

[2] EN 1015-3, Methods of test for mortar for masonry — Part 3: Determination of consistence of fresh mortar
(by flow table)

[3] EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001:2000)

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