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Lecture 3 - Analysis of Determinate Beams and Frames

The document discusses analysis of determinate beams and frames, including identifying different types of supports like pinned, roller, and fixed supports that influence structural analysis. It also covers concepts like stability, static determinacy, calculating reaction forces by applying equations of equilibrium, and using the method of sections to analyze statically indeterminate frames. Several sample problems are provided to demonstrate calculating support reactions and internal forces.

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Troy Pascual
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61 views

Lecture 3 - Analysis of Determinate Beams and Frames

The document discusses analysis of determinate beams and frames, including identifying different types of supports like pinned, roller, and fixed supports that influence structural analysis. It also covers concepts like stability, static determinacy, calculating reaction forces by applying equations of equilibrium, and using the method of sections to analyze statically indeterminate frames. Several sample problems are provided to demonstrate calculating support reactions and internal forces.

Uploaded by

Troy Pascual
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CETHEORY 1 - STRUCTURAL THEORY 1

Lecture 3: Analysis of Determinate Beams and Frames

Annthony Pantaleon, CE
FEU – Institute of Technology
Boundary Conditions
• Supports attach the structure to the ground and are the main
components that keep the structure in equilibrium
• Therefore, identifying different types of supports are
critical to performing structural analysis

Pinned Supports
− Restricts motion in the “x”
and “y” direction
− Allows rotation
Support Types
Roller Support
− Only restricts
motion in the
direction of the
roller

Fixed Supports
− Restricts
motion and
rotation
Support Types

Internal Hinges
− Can relieve
forces in a given
area
Stability and Static Determinacy
• Recall the equations of equilibrium for a 3D system

• Simplifying to a 2D system

• When all forces in structure can be determined from the


equations of equilibrium, then the structure is considered
as statically determinate
– If there are more unknowns than equations, then the
structure is statically indeterminate
– If there are less unknowns than equations, the
structure is unstable
Stability and Static Determinacy
• Mathematically, this is expressed as follows:

• = degree of indeterminacy (external)


• If < 0 , the structure is unstable
• If = 0 , the structure “should be” statically determinate
• If > 0 , the structure “should be” statically indeterminate

• = total number of unknown support reactions

• = number of internal hinges


Stability and Static Determinacy
Stability and Static Determinacy
• A non-negative value of doesn’t guarantee that a structure
is stable!

– For a structure to be stable, three conditions must be met


• must be non-negative (as discussed previously)
• All the support reactions must not be concurrent
• All the support reactions must not be parallel
Calculating Reaction Forces
Sketch a beam diagram.
Calculating Reaction Forces

Sketch a free body diagram.


Calculating Reaction Forces

Use the equilibrium equations to find the magnitude of the reaction


forces.
• Horizontal Forces +
• Assume to the right is positive

F x 0
Calculating Reaction Forces

• Vertical Forces
• Assume up is positive+

F y 0 Equivalent
Concentrated Load

Equivalent
Concentrated Load
Calculating Reaction Forces
• Moments
• Assume counter clockwise rotation is positive

+
( FyB  20 ft )  ( 4000 lb  6 ft )  ( 13, 000 lb 10 ft )  ( FyA  0 )  0

( 20 ft )FyB  24 ,000 ft  lb  130 , 000 ft  lb  0  0

( 20 ft )FyB  154,000 ft  lb
A B
154 ,000 ft  lb
FyB  0=
20 ft = 7700 lb

FyB  7 , 700 lb
Calculating Reaction Forces

• Now that we know , we can use the previous


equation to find .

0 =
9300 lb = = 7700 lb
Calculating Reaction Forces
• MATH CONNECTION
• Notice that we just solved a system of two linear
equations

( 20 ft )FyB  154 ,000 ft  lb

0 =
9300 lb = = 7700 lb
Sample Problem
The compound beam is pin
supported at C and supported by
a roller at A and B.There is a
hinge (pin) at D. Determine the
reactions at the supports. Neglect
the thickness of the beam.
Sample Problem

Calculate the moment at B


Sample Problem
The beam is subjected to
the two concentrated loads
as shown. Assuming that
the foundation exerts a
linearly varying load
distribution on its bottom,
determine the load
intensities and for
equilibrium if P=500 lbs
and L=12 ft.
Stability and Static Determinacy

Unlike the beams and pin-connected


structures of the previous examples,
frame structures consist of members
that are connected together by rigid
joints.
In order to classify these structures, it is
necessary to use the method of sections
and “cut” the loop apart. The free-body
diagrams of the sectioned parts are
drawn and the frame can then be
classified. Notice that only one section
through the loop is required, since once
the unknowns at the section are
determined, the internal forces at any
point in the members can then be found
using the method of sections and the
equations of equilibrium.
Stability and Static Determinacy
Sample Problem
Sample Problem
Sample Problem

The beam is subjected to the two concentrated


loads as shown. Assume that the foundation exerts
a linearly varying load distribution on its bottom,
determine the load intensities and for equilibrium if
P=500 lbs and L=12 ft.
Sample Problem

Calculate the magnitudes of


the pin reactions at A, B,
and C for the frame shown.
Neglect the weights of the
members.
Sample Problem

Calculate the magnitudes of


the fixed reactions A and B.
Sample Problem
The side of the building is
subjected to a wind loading
that creates a uniform
normal pressure of 15 kPa
on the windward side and a
suction pressure of 5 kPa on
the leeward side. Determine
the horizontal and vertical
components of reaction at
the pin connections A, B,
and C of the supporting
gable arch

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