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Friction

The document discusses friction between different materials under various conditions. It provides tables listing the coefficient of friction for various polymer plastics, elastomers, solid lubricants, metals, alloys, and ceramics. It also discusses the concepts of static and dynamic friction, and how the coefficient of friction can vary depending on factors like applied load, presence of lubrication, and whether surfaces are sliding or rolling against each other. Typical coefficient of friction values provided range from around 0.05 for well-lubricated systems up to 0.8 or higher for dry metal surfaces.

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Manvendra Yadav
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57 views14 pages

Friction

The document discusses friction between different materials under various conditions. It provides tables listing the coefficient of friction for various polymer plastics, elastomers, solid lubricants, metals, alloys, and ceramics. It also discusses the concepts of static and dynamic friction, and how the coefficient of friction can vary depending on factors like applied load, presence of lubrication, and whether surfaces are sliding or rolling against each other. Typical coefficient of friction values provided range from around 0.05 for well-lubricated systems up to 0.8 or higher for dry metal surfaces.

Uploaded by

Manvendra Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Friction: Laws and mechanism

Sliding vs. Rolling friction

Sliding friction Rolling friction


Bhushan, Principles and applications of Tribology, John Wiley & Sons. New York (1999)
Material Coefficient of Friction
Polymer-plastics
Acetal 0.2-0.3
Polyamide(Nylon) 0.15-0.3
High-density Polyethylene(HDPE) 0.15-0.3
PTFE (Teflon) 0.05-0.10

Polymers-elastomers
0.3-0.6
Natural and synthetic rubber
0.2-0.6
Silicone rubber

Solid lubricants
-
Layer-lattice solids
0.05-0.10
MoS2
0.05-0.15
Graphite
-
Nonlayer-lattice solids
0.05-0.10
Fullerens (C60)
Material Coefficient of Friction
Self-mated On mild steel
PRECIOUS METALS: Au, Pt, Ag 1-1.5 0.3-0.5
SOFTY METALS: In, Pb, Sn 0.8-2 0.5-0.8
METALS
Al 0.8-1.2 0.5-0.6
Co 0.5-0.6 0.4-0.5
Cu 0.8-1.2 0.6-0.7
Fe 0.8-1.5 0.8-1.5
Mo 0.5-0.6 0.4-0.6
Ni 0.7-0.9 0.6-0.9
Ti 0.5-0.6 0.4-0.6
W 0.7-0.9 -
Alloys
Leaded brass (Cu,Zn,Pb) - 0.2-0.4
Gray cast iron 0.8-1 0.3-0.5
Mild steel 0.7-0.9 -
Intermetallic alloys
Co-based alloy 0.3-0.5 -
Ni-based alloys 0.6-0.9 -
Coefficient of kinetic friction of unlubricated (Self-mated)
Material Coefficient of Friction

Al2O3 0.3-0.6

BN 0.25

Cr2O3 0.25

Si3N4 0.25

TiC 0.3

WC 0.3

TiN 0.25

Diamond 0.1
Concept of static and dynamic friction

Bhushan, Principles and applications of Tribology, John Wiley & Sons. New York (1999)
A typical friction plot

Bhushan, Principles and applications of Tribology, John Wiley & Sons. New York (1999)
Variation in frictional behavior

Bhushan, Principles and applications of Tribology, John Wiley & Sons. New York (1999)
Representative COF values

Dry sliding - 0.05 for PTFE under high loads to as high as 5.0 for
metals like gold sliding in vacuum.
Typical values for engineering steels are between 0.5 and 0.8.

Lubricated sliding friction coefficients vary from about 0.03 under


hydrodynamic conditions (complete separation of sliding surfaces) to
around 0.15 under boundary conditions (when contact through the
lubricant film).

Rolling friction coefficients (with hard steel balls and raceways) vary
from about 0.002 when fully lubricated to about 0.05 when running
dry.
COF under different tribological conditions
Friction leads to energy loss, and therefore force sensors measure
friction component of the force applied!

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