‫‪Q‬‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ﷺ‬

‫‪W‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫ؤ‬

‫‪E‬‬ ‫ؑع‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ڑ‬

‫‪T‬‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ڑ‬

‫‪Y‬‬ ‫ے‬ ‫ۓ‬

‫‪U‬‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ء‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫ٰی‬

‫‪O‬‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ۃ‬

‫‪P‬‬ ‫ُپ‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬

‫‪S‬‬ ‫س‬ ‫ص‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫ڈ‬

‫‪F‬‬ ‫ٖف‬

‫‪G‬‬ ‫گ‬ ‫غ‬

‫‪H‬‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ح‬

‫‪J‬‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ض‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫ک‬ ‫خ‬

‫‪L‬‬ ‫ؒل‬

‫‪Z‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬

‫‪X‬‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ژ‬

‫‪C‬‬ ‫چ‬ ‫ث‬

‫‪V‬‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ظ‬

‫‪B‬‬ ‫﷽ب‬
‫‪N‬‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ں‬

‫‪M‬‬ ‫ؐم‬

‫[‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٗ‬

‫]‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ّ‬

‫;‬ ‫‪:‬؛‬

‫"‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫َ۔‬

‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫؟‬

‫ﷺ ق ‪Q‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫ؤ‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫ؑع‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ڑ‬
‫ت ‪T‬‬ ‫ڑ‬
‫ے ‪Y‬‬ ‫ۓ‬
‫ئ ‪U‬‬ ‫ء‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫ٰی‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ۃ‬
‫ُپ ‪P‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬
‫ص س ‪S‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫ڈ‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫ٖف‬
‫‪G‬‬ ‫گ‬ ‫غ‬
‫‪H‬‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ح‬
‫‪J‬‬ ‫ض ج‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫ک‬ ‫خ‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫ؒل‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬
‫‪X‬‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ژ‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫ث چ‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ظ‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫﷽ب‬
‫‪N‬‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ں‬
‫‪M‬‬ ‫ؐم‬
‫[‬ ‫ٗ ٌ‬
‫]‬ ‫ّ ْ‬
‫;‬ ‫‪:‬؛‬
‫"‬
‫ِ ‪, ،‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫َ۔‬
‫‪/ /‬‬ ‫؟‬
﷽
Alphabet Name Phonetic pronuncBorrowed f Keyboard
‫ا‬ Aliph əlɪf Arabic J
‫آ‬ Aliph Madda əlɪf Arabic J
‫ب‬ Bay beɪ Arabic I
‫پ‬ Pay peɪ Persian Y
‫ت‬ Tay; with soft ‘t’ θeɪ Arabic U
‫ٹ‬ Tay; with hard ‘T’ teɪ Sanskrit Shift + U
‫ث‬ Thay; colloquially ‘say’ s·eɪ Arabic Shift + T
‫ج‬ Jeem dʒ·iːm Arabic O
‫چ‬ Chay tʃ·eɪ Persian Shift + O
‫ح‬ Hay heɪ Arabic P
‫خ‬ Khay xeɪ Arabic Shift + P
‫د‬ Daal; with soft ‘d’ ðɑːl Arabic R
‫ڈ‬ Daal; with hard ‘D’ dɑːl Sanskrit Shift + R
‫ذ‬ Dhaal; colloquially ‘zaal’ zɑːl Arabic Shift + E
‫ر‬ Ray reɪ Arabic D
‫ڑ‬ aRay; with very guttural ‘r’ areɪ Sanskrit Shift + D
‫ز‬ Zay zeɪ Arabic Shift + S
‫ژ‬ Djay; much like ‘j’ in ‘bonjour’ ʒeɪ Persian Shift + A
‫س‬ Seen siːn Arabic V
‫ش‬ Sheen sh·iːn Arabic B
‫ص‬ Suaad sʊ̈ ·ɑːð Arabic W
‫ض‬ Dhuaad; colloquially ‘zuaad’ zʊ̈ ·ɑːð Arabic Shift + W
‫ط‬ Toay'n θɔɪŋ Arabic Q
‫ة‬ Toay'n θɔɪŋ Arabic Q
‫ظ‬ Zoay'n zɔɪŋ Arabic Shift + Q
‫ع‬ Ain; guttural ‘a’ æn Arabic M
‫غ‬ Ghain; hoarse guttural ‘g’ followed by a hollow ‘h’ ghæn Arabic N
‫ف‬ Fay feɪ Arabic X
 ‫ق‬ Quaaf; ‘Qu’ is pronounced only as ‘k’ gɑːf Arabic Q
‫ک‬ Kaaf kɑːf Arabic K
‫گ‬ Gaaf gɑːf Persian Shift + K
‫ل‬ Laam lɑːm Arabic G
‫م‬ Meem miːm Arabic A
‫ن‬ Noon nuːn Arabic F
‫ں‬ Noon ghuna; nasal equivalent of ‘noon’ nuːn ghʊ̈ nɑː Arabic Shift + F
‫و‬ Vao; as you'd say “wow” vaʊ Arabic S
‫ه‬ gol Hay/choti hey heɪ Arabic H
‫ھ‬ do caśmī he/dō chashmī hē heɪ Arabic H
‫ء‬ Hamza hʌmzɑː Arabic Shift + H
‫ی‬/ ‫ي‬ Chhoti yeh; literally meaning ‘small yeh’ yeɪ Arabic L
‫ے‬ Bari yeh; literally meaning ‘big yeh’ yeɪ Arabic C
Voice Name of leTranscription IPA HINDI

Vowel ʾalif ā, ', – a, i, u,ə/ɑ/ɑː, ʔ/, ∅ अ

Vowel ʾalif ā, ', – ə/ɑ/ɑː, ʔ/, ∅ आ
Labial be b /b/ ब
Labial pe p /p/ प
Dental te t /t̪/ त
Retroflex ṭe ṭ /ʈ/ ट
Dental se s /s/ स
Palatal jīm j /dʒ/ ज
Palatal ce/che c /tʃ/ च
Aspirated baṛī he h /h, ɦ/ ह
Velar xe/khe x/kh /x/ ख़
Dental dāl d /d̪ / द
Retroflex ḍāl ḍ /ɖ/ ड
Aspirated zāl z /z/ ज़
Semi-vowel re r /r/ र
Hard retroflex ṛe ṛ /ɽ/ ड
Aspirated ze z /z/ ज़
Aspirated že ž /ʒ/ ज़
Dental aspirated sīn s /s/ स
Dental aspirated śīn ś /ʃ/ श/ष
Velar aspirated su'ād s /s/ स
Velar aspirated zu'ād z /z/ ज़
Dental velar to'e t /t/ त
Dental velar to'e t /t/ त
Velar aspirated zo'e z /z/ ज़
Velar vowel ʿain ā, o, e, ', /ɑː, oː, eː, ʔ, ʕ/, Ø -
Strong velar aspirated ġain ġ /ɣ/ ग़
Aspirated fe f /f/ फ़
Velar qāf q /q/ क़
Velar kāf k /k/ क
Velar gāf g /ɡ/ ग
Dental lām l /l/ ल
Labial mīm m /m/ म
Palatal nūn n /n/, /ɲ/, /ɳ/ or /ŋ/ न/ङ/ण
Palatal nasal nūn ghunnṉ ŋ/◌̃/[1] ◌ं
Vowel/semi-vowel va'u/va'o v,w, u, o, au, ūV/ʋ, ʊ, oː, ɔː, uː/ व
Aspirated chōṭī hē h /h, ɦ/ ह
Aspirated do caśmī hh /ʰ/ or /ʱ/ ह
Palatal nasal hamzā ', – /ʔ/, Ø

Vowel choṭī ye y, ī j/i/e/ɛ य

Vowel baṛī ye ai, e iː/ɛː/ eː/ य

a /ə/

ā /aː/
i /ɪ/
ī /iː/
u /ʊ/
ū /uː/
e /eː/
ai /ɛː/
o /oː/
au /ɔː/
No. Letter Name of leTranscriptiIPA
1 ‫ آ‬،‫ ا‬ʾalif ā, ', – /ɑː, ʔ/, ∅
2 ‫ ب‬be b /b/
3 ‫ پ‬pe p /p/
4 ‫ ت‬te t /t̪/
5 ‫ ٹ‬ṭe ṭ /ʈ/
6 ‫ ث‬se s /s/
7 ‫ ج‬jīm j /d͡ʒ/
8 ‫ چ‬ce c /t͡ʃ/
9 ‫ ح‬baṛī he h /h, ɦ/
10 ‫ خ‬xe x /x/
11 ‫ د‬dāl d /d̪ /
12 ‫ ڈ‬ḍāl ḍ /ɖ/
13 ‫ ذ‬zāl z /z/
14 ‫ ر‬re r /r/
15 ‫ ڑ‬ṛe ṛ /ɽ/
16 ‫ ز‬zz z /z/
17 ‫ ژ‬že ž /ʒ/
18 ‫ س‬sīn s /s/
19 ‫ ش‬śīn ś /ʃ/
20 ‫ ص‬su'ād s /s/
21 ‫ ض‬zu'ād z /z/
22 ‫ ط‬to'e t /t/
23 ‫ ظ‬zo'e z /z/
24 ‫ ع‬ʿain ā, o, e, ', /ɑː, oː, eː, ʔ, ʕ/, Ø
25 ‫ غ‬ġain ġ /ɣ/
26 ‫ ف‬fe f /f/
27 ‫ ق‬qāf q /q/
28 ‫ ک‬kāf k /k/
29 ‫ گ‬gāf g /ɡ/
30 ‫ ل‬lām l /l/
31 ‫ م‬mīm m /m/
32 ‫ ن‬nūn n /n, ɲ, ɳ, ŋ/
33 ‫ ں‬nūn ghunnṉ /◌̃/[1]
34 ‫ و‬va'o v, u, o, au, /ʋ, ʊ, oː, ɔː, uː/
35 ‫ ہ‬،‫ ه‬chōṭī hē h /h, ɦ/
36 ‫ ھ‬do caśmī he /ʰ/ or /ʱ/
37 ‫ ء‬hamzā ', – /ʔ/, Ø
38 ‫ ی‬choṭī ye y, ī /j, iː/
39 ‫ ے‬baṛī ye ai, e /ɛː, eː/
 ‫ـ‬

LETTER Alphabet URDU Name HINDI NAME Phonetic pronunc

‫ا‬ Aliph əlɪf

‫آ‬ Aliph Madda əlɪf

MOON ‫ب‬ Bay बे beɪ

SUN ‫ت‬ Tay; with soft ‘t’ ते θeɪ

‫ث‬ Thay; colloquially ‘say’ से s·eɪ

‫پ‬ Pay पे peɪ
‫ٹ‬ Tay; with hard ‘T’ टे teɪ
‫ج‬ Jeem dʒ·iːm
‫چ‬ Chay tʃ·eɪ
‫ح‬ Hay heɪ
‫خ‬ Khay xeɪ
‫د‬ Daal; with soft ‘d’ ðɑːl
‫ڈ‬ Daal; with hard ‘D’ dɑːl
‫ذ‬ Dhaal; colloquially ‘zaal’ zɑːl
‫ر‬ Ray reɪ
‫ڑ‬ aRay; with very guttural ‘r’ areɪ
‫ز‬ Zay zeɪ
‫ژ‬ Djay; much like ‘j’ in ‘bonjour’ ʒeɪ
‫س‬ Seen siːn
‫ش‬ Sheen sh·iːn
‫ص‬ Suaad sʊ̈ ·ɑːð
‫ض‬ Dhuaad; colloquially ‘zuaad’ zʊ̈ ·ɑːð
‫ط‬ Toay'n θɔɪŋ
‫ة‬ Toay'n θɔɪŋ
‫ظ‬ Zoay'n zɔɪŋ
‫ع‬ Ain; guttural ‘a’ æn
‫غ‬ Ghain; hoarse guttural ‘g’ followed by a hollow ‘h’ ghæn
‫ف‬ Fay feɪ
‫ق‬ Quaaf; ‘Qu’ is pronounced only as ‘k’ gɑːf
‫ک‬ Kaaf kɑːf
‫گ‬ Gaaf gɑːf
‫ل‬ Laam lɑːm
‫م‬ Meem miːm
‫ن‬ Noon nuːn
‫ں‬ Noon ghuna; nasal equivalent of ‘noon’ nuːn ghʊ̈ nɑː
‫و‬ Vao; as you'd say “wow” vaʊ
‫ه‬ gol Hay/choti hey heɪ
‫ھ‬ do caśmī he/dō chashmī hē heɪ
‫ء‬ Hamza hʌmzɑː
‫ی‬ Chhoti yeh; literally meaning ‘small yeh’ yeɪ
‫ي‬ Chhoti yeh; literally meaning ‘small yeh’ yeɪ
‫ے‬ Bari yeh; literally meaning ‘big yeh’ yeɪ
Borrowed f Keyboard Voice Name of leTranscription IPA HINDI

Arabic A Vowel ʾalif ā, ', – a, i, u,ə/ɑ/ɑː, ʔ/, ∅ अ

Arabic SHIFT+= Vowel ʾalif ā, ', – a, i, u,ə/ɑ/ɑː, ʔ/, ∅ आ
Arabic B Labial be b /b/ ब
Arabic T Dental te t /t̪/ त
Arabic SHIFT+C Dental se s /s/ स
Persian P Labial pe p /p/ प
Sanskrit SHIFT+T Retroflex ṭe ṭ /ʈ/ ट
Arabic J Palatal jīm j /dʒ/ ज
Persian C Palatal ce/che c /tʃ/ च
Arabic SHIFT+H Aspirated baṛī he h /h, ɦ/ ह
Arabic SHIFT+K Velar xe/khe x/kh /x/ ख़
Arabic D Dental dāl d /d̪ / द
Sanskrit SHIFT+D Retroflex ḍāl ḍ /ɖ/ ड
Arabic SHIFT+Z Aspirated zāl z /z/ ज़
Arabic R Semi-vowel re r /r/ र
Sanskrit SHIFT+R Hard retroflex ṛe ṛ /ɽ/ ड
Arabic Z Aspirated ze z /z/ ज़
Persian SHIFT+X Aspirated že ž /ʒ/ ज़
Arabic S Dental aspirated sīn s /s/ स
Arabic X Dental aspirated śīn ś /ʃ/ श/ष
Arabic SHIFT+S Velar aspirated su'ād s /s/ स
Arabic SHIFT+J Velar aspirated zu'ād z /z/ ज़
Arabic V Dental velar to'e t /t/ त
Arabic SHIFT+O Dental velar to'e t /t/ त
Arabic SHIFT+V Velar aspirated zo'e z /z/ ज़
Arabic E Velar vowel ʿain ā, o, e, ', /ɑː, oː, eː, ʔ, ʕ/, Ø -
Arabic SHIFT+G Strong velar aspirated ġain ġ /ɣ/ ग़
Arabic F Aspirated fe f /f/ फ़
Arabic Q Velar qāf q /q/ क़
Arabic K Velar kāf k /k/ क
Persian G Velar gāf g /ɡ/ ग
Arabic L Dental lām l /l/ ल
Arabic M Labial mīm m /m/ म
Arabic N Palatal nūn n /n/, /ɲ/, /ɳ/ or /ŋ/ न/ङ/ण
Arabic SHIFT+N Palatal nasal nūn ghunnah ṉ ŋ/◌̃/[1] ◌ं
Arabic W Vowel/semi-vowel v,w,
va'u/va'o
u, o, au, ū,/ʋ/, /ʊ/, /oː/, /ɔː/
V/ʋ,orʊ,/uː/
oː, ɔː, uː/ व
Arabic O Aspirated chōṭī hē h /h, ɦ/ ह
Arabic H Aspirated do caśmī he h /ʰ/ or /ʱ/ ह
Arabic SHIFT+7/4 Palatal nasal hamzā ', – /ʔ/, Ø

Arabic I/SHIFT+5 Vowel choṭī ye y, ī j/i/e/æ य

Arabic I/SHIFT+5 Vowel choṭī ye y, ī j/i/e/æ य
Arabic Y Vowel baṛī ye ai, e iː/æː/ eː/ य
a /ə/
ā /aː/
i /ɪ/
ī /iː/
u /ʊ/
ū /uː/
e /eː/
ai /æː/
o /oː/
au /ɔː/
 ‫ء‪+‬ا‬ ‫ء‪+‬ا‬

‫‪CONST‬‬ ‫‪CONST‬‬ ‫ْٔا‪/‬ا ْٔا‪/‬ا‪/‬ی‪/‬ـی‬

‫‪ABOVE‬‬ ‫‪DOWN‬‬ ‫‪VOWEL‬‬ ‫‪VOWEL‬‬
‫‪SHAPE POSITION OF WORD‬‬ ‫‪WORD‬‬ ‫‪WORD‬‬ ‫)ء (‪SOUND OF WORD HAMZA‬‬

‫‪FINAL‬‬ ‫‪MEDIAL‬‬ ‫‪INITIAL‬‬ ‫ء‬

‫) (‪HAMZA( ) HAMZA‬‬ ‫ء‬ ‫‪FINAL‬‬ ‫‪MEDIAL‬‬

‫ـا‪/‬ا ا‪/‬ـا‪/‬ی‪/‬ـی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ٔا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫‪ɑ/ा‬‬ ‫ै ‪ɑ/ा/æ/‬‬

‫ـب‬ ‫آ‬
‫ـت‬ ‫ـبـ‬ ‫بـ‬ ‫ب‬
‫ٔ‬ ‫‪b/ब‬‬ ‫)‪b(ə)/ब(अ‬‬

‫ـت‬ ‫ـتـ‬ ‫تـ‬ ‫‪t/त‬‬ ‫)‪t(ə)/त(अ‬‬

‫ـث‬ ‫ـثـ‬ ‫ثـ‬ ‫‪th/थ‬‬ ‫‪tha(a)/tɑ/ता‬‬

‫ـپ‬ ‫ـپـ‬ ‫پـ‬
‫ـٹ‬ ‫ـٹـ‬ ‫ٹـ‬
‫ـج‬ ‫ـجـ‬ ‫جـ‬
‫ـچ‬ ‫ـچـ‬ ‫چـ‬
‫ـح‬ ‫ـحـ‬ ‫حـ‬
‫ـخ‬ ‫ـخـ‬ ‫خـ‬
‫ـد‬ ‫ـد‬ ‫د‬
‫ـڈ‬ ‫ـڈ‬ ‫ڈ‬
‫ـذ‬ ‫ـذ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ـر‬ ‫ـر‬ ‫ر‬
‫ـڑ‬ ‫ـڑ‬ ‫ڑ‬
‫ـز‬ ‫ـز‬ ‫ز‬
‫ـژ‬ ‫ـژ‬ ‫ژ‬
‫ـس‬ ‫ـسـ‬ ‫سـ‬
‫ـش‬ ‫ـشـ‬ ‫شـ‬
‫ـص‬ ‫ـصـ‬ ‫صـ‬
‫ـض‬ ‫ـضـ‬ ‫ضـ‬
‫ـط‬ ‫ـطـ‬ ‫طـ‬
‫ـة‬ ‫ـة‬ ‫ة‬
‫ـظ‬ ‫ـظـ‬ ‫ظـ‬
‫ـع‬ ‫ـعـ‬ ‫عـ‬
‫ـغ‬ ‫ـغـ‬ ‫غـ‬
‫ـف‬ ‫ـفـ‬ ‫فـ‬
‫ـق‬ ‫ـقـ‬ ‫قـ‬
‫ـک‬ ‫ـکـ‬ ‫کـ‬
‫ـگ‬ ‫ـگـ‬ ‫گـ‬
‫ـل‬ ‫ـلـ‬ ‫لـ‬
‫ـم‬ ‫ـمـ‬ ‫مـ‬
‫ـن‬ ‫ـنـ‬ ‫نـ‬
‫ـں‬ ‫ـںـ‬ ‫ںـ‬
‫ـو‬ ‫ـو‬ ‫و‬
‫ـه‬ ‫ـهـ‬ ‫هـ‬
‫ـھ‬ ‫ـھـ‬ ‫ھـ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ء‬
‫ـی‬ ‫ـیـ‬ ‫یـ‬
‫ـي‬ ‫ـيـ‬ ‫يـ‬
‫ـے‬ ‫ـے‬ ‫ے‬
 ‫ ا‬+ ‫َء‬ ‫ ا‬+ ‫ِء‬ ‫ ا‬+ ‫ُء‬ ‫ ا‬+ ‫ْء‬ ‫ـی‬/‫ی‬

‫آ‬/‫ٔا‬ CONST CONST CONST VOWEL VOWEL

CONST ABOVE DOWN ABOVE ABOVE FINAL CHAR

OUND OF WORD HAMZA( ‫)ء‬ WORD WORD WORD WORD ALIF

INITIAL ISOLATED FATHA َ KASRA ِ DAMMA ُ SUKUN ْ MAQSOURA

ə/अ,ɪ/इ,u/उ ə/अ
‫َٔا‬ ‫ِإ‬ ‫ُٔا‬ ‫ْٔا‬ a:/ा

ɑ/आ ɑ/आ

bɪ/बि b(ə)/ब(अ) ‫ب‬

َ ‫ِب‬ ‫ب‬
ُ ‫ب‬
ْ
tɑ/ता,tU/तू t(ə)/त(अ) ‫ت‬ َ ‫ت‬ ِ ‫ت‬ ُ ‫ت‬ ْ
s(ə)/स(अ) s(ə)/स(अ) ‫ث‬
َ ‫ث‬
َ ‫ث‬
ُ ‫ث‬
ْ
 FATHA َ FATHA َ KASRA ِ KASRA ِ DAMMA ُ DAMMA ُ
SOUND SOUND SOUND SOUND SOUND SOUND

MEDIAL INITIAL MEDIAL INITIAL MEDIAL INITIAL

ə/अ,æ/ऐ ɪ/इ O/ओ

b(ə)/ब(अ),bæ,बै b(ə)/ब(अ),bɑ/बा,be/बे,bæ/बै bi:/बी be/बे O/ओ bu/बु

t(ə)/त(अ),tɑ/ता t(ə)/त(अ),tɑ/ता tɪ/ति ti:/ती,te/ते t(ə)/त(अ),tU/तू tɑ/ता,tu/तु

th(ə)/थ(अ),thæ/थै
SUKUN ْ SUKUN ْ
SOUND SOUND

FINAL MEDIAL

a:/ा ɑ/ा,æ/ ै

b/ब b/ब

t/त t/त
 ‫‪ SHIFT‬ب‬

‫`‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ب‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ب‬‫بٍ ً‬
‫‪1۱‬‬ ‫!‬ ‫ب‪۱‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‪! ۱‬ب‬
‫‪2۲‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫ب‪۲‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‪, ۲‬ب‬
‫‪3۳‬‬ ‫؍‬ ‫ب‪۳‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‪۳‬ب؍‬
‫‪4۴‬‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ب‪۴‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‪۴‬بء‬
‫‪5۵‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‪۵‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‪۵‬بي‬
‫‪6۶‬‬
‫ؐ‬ ‫ب‪۶‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‪ ۶‬بؐ‬
‫‪7۷‬‬
‫ٔ‬ ‫ب‪۷‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‪ٔ ۷‬‬
‫‪8۸‬‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ب‪۸‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‪ٌ ۸‬‬
‫‪9۹‬‬
‫)‬ ‫ب‪۹‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‪) ۹‬ب‬
‫‪0۰‬‬
‫(‬ ‫ب‪۰‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‪( ۰‬ب‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ّأ‬ ‫بأ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫أب‬
‫=‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫بؤ‬ ‫ؤب بآ‬
‫ؔ ؎ \‬ ‫ب؎‬ ‫ب؎ بؔ‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫ْق‬ ‫ب بق‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫قب‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫ﷺ و‬ ‫وب بﷺ بو‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫ؑع‬ ‫عب بؑ بع‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ڑ‬ ‫بر‬ ‫رب بڑ‬
‫‪T‬‬ ‫ٹ ت‬ ‫تب بٹ بت‬
‫‪Y‬‬ ‫؁ے‬ ‫ب؁ بے‬
‫ےب ب‬
‫‪U‬‬ ‫ٗئ‬ ‫ٗب بئ‬ ‫ئب‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫ٰی‬ ‫ب بی‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫یب‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ۃ‬ ‫بہ‬ ‫ہب بۃ‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫ُپ‬ ‫ب بپ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫پب‬
‫[‬ ‫‘ ]‬ ‫ب] ‘ب ]ب‬
‫]‬ ‫’ [‬ ‫ب[ ’ب [ب‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫ٓا‬ ‫اب بٓ با‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫ص س‬ ‫سب بص بس‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫ڈ‬ ‫بد‬ ‫بڈ‬ ‫دب‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫ٖف‬ ‫بف‬ ‫ب‬
‫ٖ‬ ‫فب‬
‫‪G‬‬ ‫گ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫بگ‬ ‫بغ‬ ‫گب‬
‫‪H‬‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫بھ‬ ‫بح‬ ‫ھب‬
‫‪J‬‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ض‬ ‫بج‬ ‫بض‬ ‫جب‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫ک‬ ‫خ‬ ‫بک‬ ‫بخ‬ ‫کب‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫ؒل‬ ‫بل‬ ‫بؒ‬ ‫لب‬
‫;‬ ‫‪:‬؛‬ ‫ب؛‬ ‫‪:‬ب‬ ‫؛ب‬
‫"‬ ‫۔‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ب۔‬ ‫بـ‬ ‫۔ب‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫بز‬ ‫بذ‬ ‫زب‬
‫‪X‬‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ژ‬ ‫بش‬ ‫بژ‬ ‫شب‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫چ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫بچ‬ ‫بث‬ ‫چب‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫بط‬ ‫بظ‬ ‫طب‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫ؓب‬ ‫بب‬ ‫بؓ‬ ‫بب‬
‫ں ن ‪N‬‬ ‫بن‬ ‫نب بں‬
‫م ‪M‬‬ ‫إ‬ ‫بم‬ ‫مب بإ‬
‫ِ ‪, ،‬‬ ‫ب‪،‬‬ ‫ب‬‫ب‪ِ ،‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫َ۔‬ ‫ب۔‬ ‫ب‬ ‫َ‬ ‫۔ب‬
‫ْ ?‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ب‬‫ْ‬ ‫بْب؟‬
‫بً‬
‫ب!‬ ‫ـبـ‬
‫ب‪,‬‬
‫؍ب‬
‫ءب‬
‫يب‬
‫بؐ‬
‫بٔ‬
‫بٌ‬
‫ب)‬
‫ب(‬
‫بّ‬
‫آب‬
‫بؔ‬
‫بْ‬
‫ب‬
‫بؑ‬
‫ڑب‬
‫ٹب‬
‫؁ب‬
‫بٗ‬
‫بٰ‬
‫ۃب‬
‫بُ‬
‫ب‘‬
‫ب’‬
‫بٓ‬
‫صب‬
 ‫ڈب‬
‫بٖ‬
‫غب‬
‫حب‬
‫ضب‬
‫خب‬
‫بؒ‬
‫ب‪:‬‬
‫ـب‬
‫ذب‬
‫ژب‬
‫ثب‬
‫ظب‬
‫بؓ‬
 ‫ںب‬
‫إب‬
‫بِ‬
‫بَ‬
‫؟ب‬
 ‫ـ‬

LETTER Alphabet URDU Name HINDI NAME Phonetic pronun

‫ا‬ Aliph əlɪf

‫آ‬ Aliph Madda əlɪf

MOON ‫ب‬ Bay बे beɪ

SUN ‫ت‬ Tay; with soft ‘t’ ते θeɪ

‫ث‬ Thay; colloquially ‘say’ से s·eɪ

‫پ‬ Pay पे peɪ
‫ٹ‬ Tay; with hard ‘T’ टे teɪ
‫ج‬ Jeem dʒ·iːm
‫چ‬ Chay tʃ·eɪ
‫ح‬ Hay heɪ
‫خ‬ Khay xeɪ
‫د‬ Daal; with soft ‘d’ ðɑːl
‫ڈ‬ Daal; with hard ‘D’ dɑːl
‫ذ‬ Dhaal; colloquially ‘zaal’ zɑːl
‫ر‬ Ray reɪ
‫ڑ‬ aRay; with very guttural ‘r’ areɪ
‫ز‬ Zay zeɪ
‫ژ‬ Djay; much like ‘j’ in ‘bonjour’ ʒeɪ
‫س‬ Seen siːn
‫ش‬ Sheen sh·iːn
‫ص‬ Suaad sʊ̈·ɑːð
‫ض‬ Dhuaad; colloquially ‘zuaad’ zʊ̈·ɑːð
‫ط‬ Toay'n θɔɪŋ
‫ة‬ Toay'n θɔɪŋ
‫ظ‬ Zoay'n zɔɪŋ
‫ع‬ Ain; guttural ‘a’ æn
‫غ‬ Ghain; hoarse guttural ‘g’ followed by a hollow ‘h’ ghæn
‫ف‬ Fay feɪ
‫ق‬ Quaaf; ‘Qu’ is pronounced only as ‘k’ gɑːf
‫ک‬ Kaaf kɑːf
‫گ‬ Gaaf gɑːf
‫ل‬ Laam lɑːm
‫م‬ Meem miːm
‫ن‬ Noon nuːn
‫ں‬ Noon ghuna; nasal equivalent of ‘noon’ nuːn ghʊ̈nɑː
‫و‬ Vao; as you'd say “wow” vaʊ
‫ه‬ gol Hay/choti hey heɪ
‫ھ‬ do caśmī he/dō chashmī hē heɪ
‫ء‬ Hamza hʌmzɑː
‫ی‬ Chhoti yeh; literally meaning ‘small yeh’ yeɪ
‫ي‬ Chhoti yeh; literally meaning ‘small yeh’ yeɪ
‫ے‬ Bari yeh; literally meaning ‘big yeh’ yeɪ
 ‫ـه‬

Borrowed f Keyboard Voice Name of leTranscription IPA HINDI

Arabic A Vowel ʾalif ā, ', – a, i, u,ə/ɑ/ɑː, ʔ/, ∅ अ

Arabic SHIFT+= Vowel ʾalif ā, ', – a, i, u,ə/ɑ/ɑː, ʔ/, ∅ आ
Arabic B Labial be b /b/ ब
Arabic T Dental te t /t̪ / त
Arabic SHIFT+C Dental se s /s/ स
Persian P Labial pe p /p/ प
Sanskrit SHIFT+T Retroflex ṭe ṭ /ʈ/ ट
Arabic J Palatal jīm j /dʒ/ ज
Persian C Palatal ce/che c /tʃ/ च
Arabic SHIFT+H Aspirated baṛī he h /h, ɦ/ ह
Arabic SHIFT+K Velar xe/khe x/kh /x/ ख़
Arabic D Dental dāl d /d̪/ द
Sanskrit SHIFT+D Retroflex ḍāl ḍ /ɖ/ ड
Arabic SHIFT+Z Aspirated zāl z /z/ ज़
Arabic R Semi-vowel re r /r/ र
Sanskrit SHIFT+R Hard retroflex ṛe ṛ /ɽ/ ड
Arabic Z Aspirated ze z /z/ ज़
Persian SHIFT+X Aspirated že ž /ʒ/ ज़
Arabic S Dental aspirated sīn s /s/ स
Arabic X Dental aspirated śīn ś /ʃ/ श/ष
Arabic SHIFT+S Velar aspirated su'ād s /s/ स
Arabic SHIFT+J Velar aspirated zu'ād z /z/ ज़
Arabic V Dental velar to'e t /t/ त
Arabic SHIFT+O Dental velar to'e t /t/ त
Arabic SHIFT+V Velar aspirated zo'e z /z/ ज़
Arabic E Velar vowel ʿain ā, o, e, ', /ɑː, oː, eː, ʔ, ʕ/, Ø -
Arabic SHIFT+G Strong velar aspirated ġain ġ /ɣ/ ग़
Arabic F Aspirated fe f /f/ फ़
Arabic Q Velar qāf q /q/ क़
Arabic K Velar kāf k /k/ क
Persian G Velar gāf g /ɡ/ ग
Arabic L Dental lām l /l/ ल
Arabic M Labial mīm m /m/ म
Arabic N Palatal nūn n /n/, /ɲ/, /ɳ/ or /ŋ/ न/ङ/ण
Arabic SHIFT+N Palatal nasal nūn ghunnah ṉ ŋ/◌̃/[1] ◌ं
Arabic W Vowel/semi-vowel v,w,
va'u/va'o
u, o, au, ū,/ʋ/, /ʊ/, /oː/, /ɔː/
V/ʋ,or ʊ,
/uː/oː, ɔː, uː/ व
Arabic O Aspirated chōṭī hē h /h, ɦ/ ह
Arabic H Aspirated do caśmī he h /ʰ/ or /ʱ/ ह
Arabic SHIFT+7/4 Palatal nasal hamzā ', – /ʔ/, Ø

Arabic I/SHIFT+5 Vowel choṭī ye y, ī j/i/e/æ य

Arabic I/SHIFT+5 Vowel choṭī ye y, ī j/i/e/æ य
Arabic Y Vowel baṛī ye ai, e iː/æː/ eː/ य
a /ə/
ā /aː/
i /ɪ/
ī /iː/
u /ʊ/
ū /uː/
e /eː/
ai /æː/
o /oː/
au /ɔː/
 ‫ء‪+‬ا‬ ‫ء‪+‬ا‬

‫‪CONST‬‬ ‫‪CONST‬‬ ‫ْٔا‪/‬ا‪/‬ی‪/‬ـی‬ ‫ْٔا‪/‬ا‬

‫‪ABOVE‬‬ ‫‪DOWN‬‬ ‫‪VOWEL‬‬ ‫‪VOWEL‬‬
‫‪SHAPE POSITION OF WORD‬‬ ‫‪WORD‬‬ ‫‪WORD‬‬ ‫)ء (‪SOUND OF WORD HAMZA‬‬

‫‪FINAL‬‬ ‫(‪MEDIAL INITIAL HAMZA‬‬ ‫)ء (‪)HAMZA‬ء‬ ‫‪FINAL‬‬ ‫‪MEDIAL‬‬

‫ا‪/‬ـا‪/‬ی‪/‬ـی‬ ‫ـا‪/‬ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ٔا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫‪ɑ/ा‬‬ ‫ै ‪ɑ/ा/æ/‬‬

‫ـآ‬ ‫آ‬
‫ـب‬ ‫ـبـ‬ ‫بـ‬ ‫ٔب‬ ‫‪b/ब‬‬ ‫)‪b(ə)/ब(अ‬‬

‫ـت‬ ‫ـتـ‬ ‫تـ‬ ‫‪t/त‬‬ ‫)‪t(ə)/त(अ‬‬

‫ـث‬ ‫ـثـ‬ ‫ثـ‬ ‫‪th/थ‬‬ ‫‪tha(a)/tɑ/ता‬‬

‫ـپ‬ ‫ـپـ‬ ‫پـ‬
‫ـٹ‬ ‫ـٹـ‬ ‫ٹـ‬
‫ـج‬ ‫ـجـ‬ ‫جـ‬
‫ـچ‬ ‫ـچـ‬ ‫چـ‬
‫ـح‬ ‫ـحـ‬ ‫حـ‬
‫ـخ‬ ‫ـخـ‬ ‫خـ‬
‫ـد‬ ‫ـد‬ ‫د‬
‫ـڈ‬ ‫ـڈ‬ ‫ڈ‬
‫ـذ‬ ‫ـذ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ـر‬ ‫ـر‬ ‫ر‬
‫ـڑ‬ ‫ـڑ‬ ‫ڑ‬
‫ـز‬ ‫ـز‬ ‫ز‬
‫ـژ‬ ‫ـژ‬ ‫ژ‬
‫ـس‬ ‫ـسـ‬ ‫سـ‬
‫ـش‬ ‫ـشـ‬ ‫شـ‬
‫ـص‬ ‫ـصـ‬ ‫صـ‬
‫ـض‬ ‫ـضـ‬ ‫ضـ‬
‫ـط‬ ‫ـطـ‬ ‫طـ‬
‫ـة‬ ‫ـة‬ ‫ة‬
‫ـظ‬ ‫ـظـ‬ ‫ظـ‬
‫ـع‬ ‫ـعـ‬ ‫عـ‬
‫ـغ‬ ‫ـغـ‬ ‫غـ‬
‫ـف‬ ‫ـفـ‬ ‫فـ‬
‫ـق‬ ‫ـقـ‬ ‫قـ‬
‫ـک‬ ‫ـکـ‬ ‫کـ‬
‫ـگ‬ ‫ـگـ‬ ‫گـ‬
‫ـل‬ ‫ـلـ‬ ‫لـ‬
‫ـم‬ ‫ـمـ‬ ‫مـ‬
‫ـن‬ ‫ـنـ‬ ‫نـ‬
‫ـں‬ ‫ـںـ‬ ‫ںـ‬
‫ـو‬ ‫ـو‬ ‫و‬
‫ـه‬ ‫ـهـ‬ ‫هـ‬
‫ـھ‬ ‫ـھـ‬ ‫ھـ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ء‬
‫ـی‬ ‫ـیـ‬ ‫یـ‬
‫ـي‬ ‫ـيـ‬ ‫يـ‬
‫ـے‬ ‫ـے‬ ‫ے‬
 ‫ ا‬+ ‫َء‬ ‫ ا‬+ ‫ِء‬ ‫ ا‬+ ‫ُء‬ ‫ ا‬+ ‫ْء‬ ‫ـی‬/‫ی‬

‫آ‬/‫ٔا‬ CONST CONST CONST VOWEL VOWEL

CONST ABOVE DOWN ABOVE ABOVE FINAL CHAR

UND OF WORD HAMZA( ‫)ء‬ WORD WORD WORD WORD ALIF

INITIAL ISOLATED FATHA َ KASRA ِ DAMMA ُ SUKUN ْ MAQSOURA

ə/अ,ɪ/इ,u/उ ə/अ
‫َٔا‬ ِ‫إ‬ ‫ُٔا‬ ‫ْٔا‬ a:/ा

ɑ/आ ɑ/आ

bɪ/बि b(ə)/ब(अ) ‫ب‬

َ ‫ب‬
ِ ‫ب‬
ُ ‫ْب‬
tɑ/ता,tU/तू t(ə)/त(अ) َ‫ت‬ ‫ت‬ ِ ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ت‬
s(ə)/स(अ) s(ə)/स(अ) َ
‫ث‬ ‫ث‬ َ ُ
‫ث‬ ‫ْث‬
 FATHA َ FATHA َ KASRA ِ KASRA ِ DAMMA ُ DAMMA ُ
SOUND SOUND SOUND SOUND SOUND SOUND

MEDIAL INITIAL MEDIAL INITIAL MEDIAL INITIAL

ə/अ,æ/ऐ ɪ/इ O/ओ

b(ə)/ब(अ),bæ,बै b(ə)/ब(अ),bɑ/बा,be/बे,bæ/बै bi:/बी be/बे O/ओ bu/बु

t(ə)/त(अ),tɑ/ता t(ə)/त(अ),tɑ/ता tɪ/ति ti:/ती,te/ते t(ə)/त(अ),tU/तू tɑ/ता,tu/तु

th(ə)/थ(अ),thæ/थै
SUKUN ْ SUKUN ْ
SOUND SOUND

FINAL MEDIAL

a:/ा ɑ/ा,æ/ ै

b/ब b/ब

t/त t/त
` 1 2 3 4 5 6
ٍ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦
~ ! @ # $ % ^
ً ! , ‫؍‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ي‬ ؐ
q w e r t y u
‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ے‬ ‫ئ‬
Q W E R T Y U
ْ ‫ﷺ‬ ؑ ‫ڑ‬ ‫؁ ٹ‬ ٗ
a s d f g h j
‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ف‬ ‫گ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ج‬
A S D F G H J
ٓ ‫ص‬ ‫ڈ‬ ٖ ‫غ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ض‬
z x c v b n m
‫ز‬ ‫ش‬ ‫چ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬
Z X C V B N M
‫ذ‬ ‫ژ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ظ‬ ؓ ‫ں‬ ‫إ‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫\‬
‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫؎‬
‫&‬ ‫*‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫_‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫|‬
‫ٔ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ؔ‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬
‫ی‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫پ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫{‬ ‫}‬
‫ٰ‬ ‫ۃ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‘‬ ‫’‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫;‬
‫ک‬ ‫ل‬ ‫؛‬ ‫۔‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫"‬
‫خ‬ ‫ؒ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ـ‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫۔‬ ‫ْ‬
‫<‬ ‫>‬ ‫?‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫؟‬