TUGAS NCLEX

Paper Corona Virus

OLEH:

Ni Putu Ayu Dina Febriani

18101110003

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN

STIKES ADVAITA MEDIKA
TABANAN
2020
 FOREWORD

We thank you for the presence of Allah SWT, because with His grace and
grace I am still given the opportunity to complete this paper. where this paper is
one of the NCLEX Subjects Assignments, which is about the corona virus, we
don't forget to thank Master and friends who have provided support in completing
this paper. I realize that in writing this paper there are still many shortcomings,
therefore we are looking forward to constructive criticism and suggestions. And
hopefully with the completion of this paper can be useful for readers and friends.

Tabanan, 21 march 2020

Composer

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page..........................................................................................................i
Foreword...........................................................................................................ii
Table of contents...............................................................................................iii
BAB I PRELIMINARY
1.1 Beckground.................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem formulation...................................................................................2
1.3 Purpose ......................................................................................................2
BAB II Discussion
2.1 Corona virus history...................................................................................3
2.2 Corona Virus Spreads.................................................................................5
2.3 Corona virus prevention.............................................................................6
2.4 How to treat patients with corona virus......................................................7
BAB III CLOSING
3.1 Conclusion...................................................................................................10
3.2 Suggestion...................................................................................................10
REFERENCES

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 BAB I

PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background
The name Corona is taken from the Latin word meaning crown, because the
shape of the corona virus has protruding nails resembling the sun's corona and
corona. The scientists first isolated the corona virus in 1937 which caused
infectious bronchitis in poultry. Then in 1965, two researchers Tyrrell and Bynoe
discovered evidence of the corona virus in humans who had the common cold,
through culture of embryonic tracheal organs obtained from the flu's respiratory
tract.
In the late 1960s, Tyrrell led a group of virologists who examined virus
strains in humans and animals. These include viral bronchitis infections, mouse
hepatitis viruses and transmissible swine gastroenteritis viruses, all of which have
been shown to be morphologically the same as seen through an electron
microscope. The new group of viruses, called the corona virus, were then
officially accepted as a new virus genus.
(CoV) is a large family of viruses that can infect birds and mammals,
including humans. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) this virus
causes diseases ranging from mild flu to more severe respiratory infections such
as MERS-CoV AND SARS-CoV. Corona virus is zoonotic, meaning it is a
disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Rabies, Malaria, is
an example of existing zoonotic diseases. Similarly, MERS is transmitted from
camels to humans. Over the past 70 years, scientists have discovered that the
corona virus can infect mice, rats, dogs, cats, turkeys, horses, pigs, and livestock.
Sometimes, these animals can transmit the corona virus to humans.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a 2019 coronavirus pandemic event (English:
coronavirus disease 2019, abbreviated as COVID-19). This disease is caused by a
new type of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 was first detected in
Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019 after several people
developed pneumonia for no apparent reason and the treatment procedures and
vaccines provided were ineffective. The emergence of the disease is thought to be

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related to the Huanan seafood wholesale market that sells live animals. At least
70% of the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence is the same as SARS-CoV.

1.2 Formulation Of The Problem

1. What is the history of the corona virus ?
2. How is corona virus spread ?
3. How to prevent corona virus ?
4. How to treat patients whit corona virus ?
1.3 Purpose Of The Paper
1. To find out the history of corona virus.
2. To find out how corona the virus spreads.
3. To find out how to prevent corona virus.
4. To find out how to treat patients with the corona virus.

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 BAB II

DISCUSSION

2.1 Corona Virus History

Corona virus (CoV) is a large family of viruses that can infect birds and
mammals, including humans. According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), this virus causes diseases ranging from mild flu to more severe
respiratory infections such as MERS-CoV AND SARS-CoV. Corona virus is
zoonotic, meaning it is a disease that can be transmitted between animals and
humans. Rabies, Malaria, is an example of existing zoonotic diseases.
Similarly, MERS is transmitted from camels to humans. Over the past 70
years, scientists have discovered that the corona virus can infect mice, rats,
dogs, cats, turkeys, horses, pigs, and livestock. Sometimes, these animals can
transmit the corona virus to humans.
The corona virus is responsible for several worldwide outbreaks, including
the 2002-2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) pandemic and the
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea in 2015.
Recently, a new corona virus emerged and known as COVID-19 triggered an
outbreak in China in December 2019, and spread in various countries so that
WHO declared it a global pandemic.
The name Corona is taken from the Latin word meaning crown, because
the shape of the corona virus has protruding nails resembling the sun's corona
and corona. The scientists first isolated the corona virus in 1937 which caused
infectious bronchitis in poultry. Then in 1965, two researchers Tyrrell and
Bynoe found evidence of the corona virus in humans who had the common
cold, through culture of embryonic tracheal organs obtained from the flu's
respiratory tract. In the late 1960s, Tyrrell led a group of virologists who
examined virus strains in humans and animals. These include viral bronchitis
infections, mouse hepatitis viruses and transmissible swine gastroenteritis
viruses, all of which have been shown to be morphologically the same as seen
through an electron microscope. The new group of viruses, called the corona
virus, were then officially accepted as a new virus genus.
 The corona virus that first appeared and spread to humans came from the
city of Wuhan, China at the end of December 2019. After being traced, it
turned out that several infected people had the same history, namely visiting
the local wet seafood and animal markets in Wuhan. Reporting from The New
York Times, the market was then closed and disinfected, making it almost
impossible to investigate which animal might be the right origin. Bats are
considered a possible source, because they have evolved to coexist with many
viruses, and they are found as a starting point for SARS. It's also possible that
bats transmit the virus to transitional animals, such as pangolins, which are
consumed as lezardi food in some parts of China, and may then transmit the
virus to humans. A study states that this virus has a sequence of genetic
sequences that is similar to 88% with the corona virus from bats. It was a
temporary guess from where the corona virus emerged.
Wuhan is the seventh largest city in China, with a population of more than
11 million people. The city is the main transportation center in central China,
which is located about 700 miles (1100 km) south of Beijing, 500 miles (800
km) west of Shanghai, and 600 miles (970 km) north of Hong Kong. Wuhan
airport has direct flights to major cities in Europe: six weekly flights to Paris,
three times to London, and five times to Rome.
In December 2019, a group of cases of "pneumonia (pneumonia) with no
known cause" were associated with the Huanan seafood wholesale market.
This market has thousands of stalls selling various animals, such as fish,
chickens, pheasants, bats, guinea pigs, poisonous snakes, deer spots, and other
wild animals. After the corona virus is known as the cause of this disease,
suspicion also arises that the new corona virus is sourced from animals. Most
corona viruses circulate among animals, but six species have evolved and are
capable of infecting humans, as seen in severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), and four other corona
viruses that cause mild respiratory symptoms like a cold. The six can be
transmitted from human to human.

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 2.2 Corona Virus Spreads

As already stated, coronavirus is a zoonotic virus. That is, this virus is

transmitted from animals to humans. Transmission between humans can also
occur even though it has not been specifically studied. Along with its
development, this virus can be transmitted through several ways. The MERS-CoV
virus that causes MERS disease can be transmitted in two ways. First, from
animals to humans. In this case, the camel is believed to be the main source of the
virus. SARS disease is known to originate from bats and weasels. Transmission
occurs from human to human through fluids coming out of the respiratory system
(droplets) or through close contact. As reported by the United States disease
prevention and control agency, CDC, it is also possible that the corona virus that
causes SARS is transmitted through the air. Similar to SARS, Covid-19 was
originally known to be sourced from snake animals. Those who initially
contracted the virus are known to have eaten wild animals in the Huanan Market.
Even so, as it develops, experts believe that Covid-19 is transmitted from person
to person through droplets. That is why, this virus is also referred to as SARS type
2 virus (SARS-CoV-2).
In general, coronavirus transmission includes:
• Through the air (viruses come out of those who cough and sneeze without
closing their mouths)
• Touch or handshake of an infected person
• Touching the surface of objects contained by the virus then touching the face
(nose, eyes and mouth) without washing hands.
The World Health Organization (WHO) revealed how to spread the corona
virus from one person to another. According to WHO, when a person suffering
from COVID-19 coughs or breathes, they release like drops of liquid which also
contains the corona virus. Most of the drops or liquids that fall on the surface and
objects nearby, such as tables, tables, or telephones. People can be exposed to or
infected with COVID-19 by touching a contaminated surface or object - and then
touching the eyes, nose, or mouth. If you stand 1 or 2 meters away from someone
with COVID-19, you can be raised through coughing, including when they
exhale. In other words, COVID-19 spreads in a similar way to the flu. Most

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people infected with COVID-19 experience mild symptoms and recover.
However, some cases of the corona virus continue to experience more serious
illness and may require hospitalization. The risk of disease or infection with the
corona virus increases for you by the end of 50 and above. This age is called more
vulnerable than those under 50. People with weakened immune systems and
people with conditions such as diabetes, heart and lung disease are also more
susceptible to the corona virus. In January 2020, WHO announced a new
coronavirus that had become epidemic in Hubei Province, China.
WHO states there is a high risk of COVID-19 disease spreading to other
countries around the world. Until today, Friday (2/28/2020) at 14.03 WIB, corona
virus cases reached 83,389 globally with the most cases of 78,824 in China. While
the total death due to the corona virus reached 2,858 with the number of deaths
occurring in the Hubei region of China totaling 2,682 people. However,
Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by Johns Hopkins CSSE records 36,576
people recovering from this deadly virus infection. Patients who were confirmed
positive for corona virus or COVID-19 reported flu symptoms, fever, coughing,
feeling tired and shortness of breath. Some patients infected with the corona virus
also complain of headaches, sputum, and diarrhea. There are also those who feel
sore throat, severe respiratory infections or pneumonia and shortness of breath.
Symptoms of the corona virus will appear within 2 to 14 days after the patient is
exposed to the corona virus. This conclusion is based on the incubation period of
the MERS virus.

2.3 Corona Virus Prevention

To prevent infection with this virus, you can apply clean and healthy living
behaviors (PHBS). You can eat nutritious foods to maintain your immune system.
Because the disease caused by a virus can generally be prevented by good
endurance. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, here's how to discuss
a new type of corona virus:
- Wash your hands often with soap
- Use a mask if you cough or runny nose
- Consumption of balanced nutrition, multiply vegetables and fruit

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- Be careful of contact with animals
- Diligent exercise and enough rest
- Don't eat uncooked meat
- If coughing, colds, and shortness of breath immediately go to a health facility
- Wear a mask when it hurts
For those of you who have experienced pain, cough, or flu, then use a mask.
This is to prevent the virus that you have infected is not transmitted to others
when you cough or sneeze, even though it is not necessarily a corona virus.
Corona virus will more easily infect the weak and sick body. So everyone should
look after each other.
Minister of Health Terawan Agus Putranto repeatedly explained that masks
only need to be worn by people who are sick. Healthy people don't need to wear
masks. A healthy person is better off avoiding people who are already sick so they
are not infected. "Still the decision of the sick WHO who wears a mask. The
healthy do not need," said Terawan in the Presidential Palace Complex, Central
Jakarta, Monday (2/3/2020).
2.4 How to treat patients with corona virus
Actually the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed quick advice to
meet the needs regarding the care of patients suspected of being infected with
COVID-19 at home. However, it should be noted, not just any patient who can be
treated at home. Then, how to treat patients with mild symptoms of corona at
home?
Experts at WHO say, home care is only intended for patients who experience
mild symptoms. The WHO published recommendations are titled: Home care for
patients with suspected coronavirus novel (COVID-19) infection presenting with
mild symptoms, and management of their contacts.
Treatment of patients suspected of being infected with the corona virus is
aimed at those who experience mild symptoms. For example, people in
monitoring (ODP) or those at high risk of exposure to the virus. In carrying out
this treatment, the condition of the environment or house must be conducive. The
goal is to meet the physical, mental, and medical needs that the person needs. Not
only that that must be considered. Patient care related to the corona virus at home

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must also be evaluated by a doctor, official or public health official. During this
monitoring process, patients must also always proactively communicate with
health workers.
So, what are the recommendations for treating patients at home? The following
are guidelines published by WHO and the Indonesian Ministry of Health -
Directorate General of Disease Prevention and Control.
1. Place the patient / person in a separate room that is well ventilated (has an open
window or an open door).
2. Limit movement and minimize sharing the same room. Ensure that shared
rooms (such as kitchens and bathrooms) are well ventilated.
3. Other family members should sleep in different rooms, and if not possible, then
keep a minimum distance of 1 meter from the patient (sleeping in a different bed).
4. Limit the number of people treating the patient. Ideally one person who is
completely healthy without having other health problems or immune disorders.
Visitors / visitors are not permitted until the patient is completely healthy and
asymptomatic.
5. Perform hand hygiene as soon as there is contact with the patient or the patient's
environment. Wash your hands before and after preparing food, before eating,
after the bathroom, and whenever hands look dirty. If hands do not look dirty, you
can use a hand sanitizer, while hands that look dirty use water and soap.
6. If washing your hands using soap and water, a disposable paper towel is
recommended. If not available, can use clean towels and replace immediately if it
is wet.
7. To prevent transmission through droplets, surgical masks (flat masks) are given
to patients to be used as often as possible.
8. People who provide care should use surgical masks, especially if in the same
room with the patient. Masks should not be held during use. If the mask is dirty or
wet, replace it immediately with a new one. Dispose of the mask in the right way
(do not touch the front, but start from the back). Discard immediately and wash
hands immediately.
9. Avoid direct contact with body fluids, especially oral or respiratory fluids
(phlegm, snot, etc.) and stool. Use gloves and a mask if you have to give oral or

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airway care and when handling feces, urine and other impurities. Wash hands
before and after disposing of gloves and masks.
10. Do not use masks or gloves that have been used.
11. Provide patient bed sheets and cutlery (wash with soap and water after use and
can be reused).
12. Clean surfaces around the patient including the toilet and bathroom regularly.
Household detergent or soap can be used, then 0.5% NaOCl solution (equivalent
to 1 part bleach solution and 9 parts water).
13. Clean the patient's clothes, bed linen, towels, etc. using household washing
soap and water or washing machine with a water temperature of 60-90 degrees
Celsius with detergent and dry. Place it in a special bag and do not shake it, then
avoid direct contact of skin and clothing with contaminated materials.
14. Plastic gloves and aprons should be used when cleaning the patient's surface,
clothes, or other materials that are exposed to the patient's body fluids. Gloves
(which are not disposable) can be reused after washing with soap and water and
decontaminated with 0.5% NaOCl solution. Wash hands before and after using
gloves.
15. Gloves, masks, and other waste materials during treatment must be disposed
of in the trash in the patient's room which is then tightly closed before being
disposed of as infectious dung.
16. Avoid contact with other contaminated items, such as toothbrushes, eating
utensils, towels, clothing, and bed linen)
17. When health workers provide home health services, always pay attention to
PPE and follow recommendations for prevention of disease transmission through
droplets.
In other COVID-19 cases, doctors and nurses will use the antiviral drug
oseltamivir or Tamiflu to treat corona virus positive patients. In some cases, the
drug is believed to be able to suppress viral reproduction.

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 BAB III
CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
Coronavirus is a collection of viruses that can infect the respiratory system. In
many cases, this virus only causes mild respiratory infections, such as flu.
However, this virus can also cause severe respiratory infections, such as lung
infections (pneumonia), Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). This virus infection is called COVID-19
and was first discovered in the city of Wuhan, China, at the end of December
2019. This virus spread quickly and has spread to other regions in China and to
several countries, including Indonesia. This virus can spread through the air
(viruses come out of people who cough and sneeze without covering their
mouths), touch or shake the hand of an infected person and touch the surface of
objects contained by the virus then touch the face (nose, eyes and mouth) without
washing hands. By applying the following things we can prevent corona virus
infection, such as frequent hand washing with soap, Use a mask when coughing or
runny nose, Consumption of balanced nutrition, multiply vegetables and fruit, Be
careful of contact with animals, Be diligent in sports and get enough rest, Don't
eat undercooked meat. If you cough, runny nose and shortness of breath, go to a
health facility immediately. Wear a mask when you are sick.
3.2 Suggestion
we can jointly fight the corona virus pandemic by implementing healthy
behaviors. if you have symptoms of corona virus infection, do a checkup at the
nearest hospital or health service. If you have ever contacted a covid 19 patient
but are still healthy, it is very important that you do quarantine independently at
home for 14 days, after that you check yourself back at home sick.

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 REFERENCES

https://www.industry.co.id/read/61631/catat-ini-cara-mencegah-virus-corona-
menurut-para-ahli-kesehatan

https://m.merdeka.com/jateng/sebelum-covid-19-inilah-sejarah-virus-corona-
yang-menginfeksi-manusia-kln.html

https://www.halodoc.com/who-gejala-ringan-corona-bisa-dirawat-di-rumah

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