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Sensation Sensation Sensation Sensation and and and and Attention Attention Attention Attention

Sensation and attention are the two processes by which we acquire knowledge about the external world. [1] Sensation is the process by which our sense organs receive external stimuli and transmit neural signals to the brain. [2] Attention is the cognitive process that selects some sensations for further processing while ignoring others. [3] There are both involuntary and voluntary types of attention, and factors like intensity, size, movement and novelty can influence what captures our attention.

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245 views

Sensation Sensation Sensation Sensation and and and and Attention Attention Attention Attention

Sensation and attention are the two processes by which we acquire knowledge about the external world. [1] Sensation is the process by which our sense organs receive external stimuli and transmit neural signals to the brain. [2] Attention is the cognitive process that selects some sensations for further processing while ignoring others. [3] There are both involuntary and voluntary types of attention, and factors like intensity, size, movement and novelty can influence what captures our attention.

Uploaded by

Bhargav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sensation

And
Attention
NIKHIL.J.RATHWA
F.Y.B.P.T
SENSATION
 Sense organs are the gateways by which
we acquire knowledge of the world around
us.
 The stimulation from the object stimulates
or activates receptors of the concerned
sense organs.
 These receptors release the neural
impulses, which are transmitted to the
concerned area of the brain where they
are interpreted. These are called
effectors.
 Receptors to brain and brain to
effectors.
 This gives the knowledge of object
stimulating.
 These sensations vary in number,
intensity or quality.
Basic sensations are:-
1. Eye:- Vision (Light, colour, shape
etc.)
2. Ear:- Audition (Different sounds)
3. Tongue:- Taste (Sweet, sour, bitter,
etc.)
4. Nose:- Olfaction (Fragrant, pungent)
5. Skin:- Cutaneous sensation (Heat,
cold, pain, pressure)
Eye:- Vision (Light, colour, shape etc.)
Ear:- Audition (Different sounds)
Tongue:- Taste (Sweet, sour, bitter, etc.)
Nose:- Olfaction (Fragrant, pungent)
Skin:- Cutaneous sensation (Heat, cold, pain,
pressure)
 Other sensations like:-
1. Muscles:- Kinesthetic sensation ( Sense
of pull, push & strain, etc.)
2. Organs:- Organic sensation ( Hungry,
thirst, Nausea, etc.)
3. Vestibular apparatus:- Static or posture
sensation (Sense of equilibrium,
dizziness, reclining, etc.)
ATTENTION
 Attention is the perception process that selects
certain input for inclusion in our conscious
experience or awareness at any given time.
 Focusing our mind on an object or idea at a
particular time, to the exclusion of other objects
or ideas.
 It is possible for us to attempt to only one
object or experience at a time.
 But we can attend to two objects at a time when
one is mechanical & other needs attention.
Dumyille:-”Attention is the concentration of
consciousness upon one object rather than upon
another.”
Morgan & Gilliland:-”Attention is being keenly alive
to some specific factor in our environment. It is a
preparatory adjustment for response.”
TYPES OF ATTENTION
 Involuntary attention:- It does not require any
conscious effort to attend to an object.
Ex.:- Attention to loud sounds, bright lights &
strong penetrating odors.
 Voluntary attention:- Effort is must.
Ex.:- Uninteresting lectures, different
assignments.
 Habitual attention:- There is a conscious
effort or sensation so striking to attract our
involuntary attention. We attend to them
because of our attitude habits or interests.
Ex.:- Attention to patients.
SPAN OF ATTENTION

 The maximum amount of material that can be


attended to in one period of attention is called
‘span of attention.’
FACTORS DETERMINING ATTENTION
 Following are factors, which determine
attention:-
 Objective factors
 Subjective factors
 Objective Factors:-
Intensity:- Our attention is attracted more by
intense stimuli such as loud sound, bright colours,
intense odors & sharp pain. Here, the selection
of stimuli depends upon nature of sense receptor
& the amount of energy stimulated.
Size:- Large size of an object or bigger patch
of color draws our attention more easily than
small object or small patch of colour.
Repetition:- Though the stimulus is weak in
intensity, it draws our attention if repeated
several times. Ex:- 1. A repeated cry,2.
Repeated ringing of a call bell.
Movement:- Anything that moves if that is
small & is able to attract our attention more
than one, which is stationary. Ex.:- Moving toys
attract children.
Change:- A sudden change in intensity or in size
or sudden cessation (disappearing) of the
continuous stimulus catches our attention. Ex.:-
Loud noise, bright color, continuous sound when
they stop.
Systematic form:- A systematic form or
rhythm attracts our attention more than the
stimulus which is not systemic & non-rhythmic.
Ex.:- 1. A melodious music, 2. A beautiful
picture, 3. A symmetrical building.
Novelty:- Anything that is unusual or new or
strange will draw our attention. Ex.:- A new
fashion dress.
Location:- The object or the picture, which is
directly in front of our eyes or picture at the
centre, attracts our attention more than the one
in the corner.
Nature of stimulus:- In an advertisement the
picture attracts more than the words.
 Subjective Factors:-
Interest:- If a person is interested in a
particular object, it attracts attention much
earlier than others. Ex.:- A student who is
interested in a particular book is attracted by it
earlier than the other books.
Habits:- Habits help in sensation of stimulus.
All of us are habituated to react to the sound of
a coin. In a busy street also this sound catches
our attention.
Motives:- A sleeping mother may not be
disturbed even by a loud noise outside but a
faint cry her child may attract her attention.
Ex.:- A hungry person will be attracted more by
an eatable.
Emotions:- If a person is angry with another
person, in a group that person will catch his
attention. Ex.:- Under stressful conditions we fail to
perceive our surrounding fully.
Attitudes & Prejudices:- Whenever attitude is
unfavorable towards a group or a person, even a
small mistake committed by him will attract our
attention. In the same way prejudices also influences
our attention.
THE
END

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