Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 83 views

    3.1 - Introduction (Pressure, Reference Levels) PDF

    Uploaded by

    Jojimar Julian
    This document discusses fluid mechanics and pressure measurements. It defines pressure as the perpendicular force exerted by a fluid per unit area. It also defines different types of pressures, including absolute pressure, atmospheric pressure, gauge pressure, and vacuum pressure. Absolute pressure is measured with reference to a vacuum, while gauge pressure is measured using atmospheric pressure as a datum of zero pressure. Under normal conditions at sea level, atmospheric pressure is approximately 2166 lb/ft2, 14.7 psi, 29.9 inches of mercury, 760 mm Hg, or 101.325 kPa.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    3.1 - Introduction (Pressure, Reference Levels) PDF

    Uploaded by

    Jojimar Julian
    83 views8 pages
    This document discusses fluid mechanics and pressure measurements. It defines pressure as the perpendicular force exerted by a fluid per unit area. It also defines different types of pressures, including absolute pressure, atmospheric pressure, gauge pressure, and vacuum pressure. Absolute pressure is measured with reference to a vacuum, while gauge pressure is measured using atmospheric pressure as a datum of zero pressure. Under normal conditions at sea level, atmospheric pressure is approximately 2166 lb/ft2, 14.7 psi, 29.9 inches of mercury, 760 mm Hg, or 101.325 kPa.

    Original Title

    3.1_Introduction (Pressure, Reference Levels).pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses fluid mechanics and pressure measurements. It defines pressure as the perpendicular force exerted by a fluid per unit area. It also defines different types of pressures, including absolute pressure, atmospheric pressure, gauge pressure, and vacuum pressure. Absolute pressure is measured with reference to a vacuum, while gauge pressure is measured using atmospheric pressure as a datum of zero pressure. Under normal conditions at sea level, atmospheric pressure is approximately 2166 lb/ft2, 14.7 psi, 29.9 inches of mercury, 760 mm Hg, or 101.325 kPa.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    83 views8 pages

    3.1 - Introduction (Pressure, Reference Levels) PDF

    Uploaded by

    Jojimar Julian
    This document discusses fluid mechanics and pressure measurements. It defines pressure as the perpendicular force exerted by a fluid per unit area. It also defines different types of pressures, including absolute pressure, atmospheric pressure, gauge pressure, and vacuum pressure. Absolute pressure is measured with reference to a vacuum, while gauge pressure is measured using atmospheric pressure as a datum of zero pressure. Under normal conditions at sea level, atmospheric pressure is approximately 2166 lb/ft2, 14.7 psi, 29.9 inches of mercury, 760 mm Hg, or 101.325 kPa.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 8

    Fluid Mechanics

    HYDRO
    STATICS
    Fluid Mechanics

    INTRODUCTION
    Introduction
    Pressure
    In fluids we use the term pressure to mean:

    The perpendicular force exerted by a fluid per unit area.


    This is equivalent to stress in solids, but we shall keep the term
    pressure. Mathematically, because pressure may vary from place to
    place, we have:

    As we saw, force per unit area is measured in N/m2 which is the same
    as a Pascal (Pa). The units used in practice vary:

    ME33 : Fluid Flow 3 Chapter 11: Flow over bodies; lift and drag
    Introduction
    Pressure

    For reference to pressures encountered on the street which are often


    imperial:

    ME33 : Fluid Flow 4 Chapter 11: Flow over bodies; lift and drag
    Introduction
    Pressure Reference Levels
    The pressure that exists anywhere in the universe is called absolute
    pressure, Pabs. This then is the amount of pressure greater than a pure
    vacuum. The atmosphere on earth exerts atmospheric pressure, Patm,
    on everything in it. Often when measuring pressures we will calibrate
    the instrument to read zero in the open air. Any measured pressure,
    Pmeas, is then a positive or negative deviation from atmospheric pressure.
    We call such deviations a gauge pressure, Pgauge. Sometimes when a
    gauge pressure is negative it is termed a vacuum pressure, Pvac.

    ME33 : Fluid Flow 5 Chapter 11: Flow over bodies; lift and drag
    Introduction
    Pressure Reference Levels

    (a)The case when the measured pressure is below atmospheric


    pressure and so is a negative gauge pressure or a vacuum pressure.
    (b)The more usual case when the measured pressure is greater than
    atmospheric pressure by the gauge pressure.

    ME33 : Fluid Flow 6 Chapter 11: Flow over bodies; lift and drag
    Introduction
    Pressure Reference Levels
    (a) Absolute pressure is defined as the pressure which is measured with
    reference to absolute vacuum pressure.
    (b) Gauge pressure is defined as the pressure which is measured with
    the help of a pressure measuring instrument, in which the atmospheric
    pressure is taken as datum. The atmospheric pressure on the scale is
    marked as zero.
    (c) Vacuum pressure is defined as the pressure below the atmospheric
    pressure.

    ME33 : Fluid Flow 7 Chapter 11: Flow over bodies; lift and drag
    Introduction
    Pressure Reference Levels
    Under normal conditions at sea level:
    Patm = 2166 lb/ft2
    = 14.7 psi
    = 29.9 inches of mercury (Hg)
    = 760 mm Hg
    = 101.325 kPa

    Mathematically:

    Absolute Pressure, Pabs = Patm + Pgauge


    Vacuum Pressure, Pvac = Patm - Pabs
    ME33 : Fluid Flow 8 Chapter 11: Flow over bodies; lift and drag

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy