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Gregor1 Statistiek / Statistics
THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF STATISTICS
Ten percent of all car thieves are left-handed
All polar bears are left-handed
If your car is stolen, there's a 10 percent chance it was nicked by a Polar bear
39 percent of unemployed men wear spectacles
80 percent of employed men wear spectacles
Work stuffs up your eyesight
All dogs are animals
All cats are animals
Therefore, all dogs are cats
A total of 4000 cans are opened around the world every second
Ten babies are conceived around the world every second
Each time you open a can, you stand a 1 in 400 chance of falling pregnant
Data
Bousteen vir enige statistiese analise.
Building block for any statistical analysis.
Voorbeelde:
Examples:
SMS
Selfoon / Cell Phone
E-Pos / E-Mail
Internet
Kredietkaarte / Credit Cards
Daaglikse verkope / Daily sales
Steekproef en Populasie
Sample and Population
Alle parte vervaardig
All parts
Kwal. Kontrole
Quality Control
1
Beskrywende Statistiek en Statistiese
Inferensie
Descriptive Statistics and Statistical
Inference
Beskrywend Statistiek
Descriptive Statistics
Beskryf ‘n steekproef
Describe a sample
Statistiese Inferensie
Statistical Inference
Gebruik die steekproef en sê iets oor die
populasie.
Use the sample to say something about the
population.
Alle produkte
Kwaliteit Kontrole
All products
Quality Control
Statistiek en Parameter
Statistic and Parameter
‘n Statistiek is ‘n waarde wat ons uitwerk
met steekproef data.
A statistic is a value we calculate using
sample data.
‘n Parameter is ‘n waarde vir ‘n hele
populasie.
A parameter is a value for a whole
population.
2
Steekproef Populasie
Sample Population
(Latyn / Latin) (Grieks / Greek)
X μ (mu)
s σ (sigma)
p π (pi)
r ρ (rho)
Variasie
Variation
Verskil tussen wiskunde en statistiek
Difference between mathematics and
statistics.
Veranderlikes X, Y, Z,
Variables
Waargenome waarde x, y, z,
Observed values
Om van die populasie se onbekende parameters te beweeg
tot by die beraamde (geskatte) waardes, word die
volgende roete gevolg:
In order to move from the unknown parameters of the
population to the estimated values the following route is
used:
Waarskynlikhede word in die algemeen – ook buite die
konteks van inferensie bespreek, aangesien daar veel
meer gedoen kan word met waarskynlikhede as net
statistiese inferensie. (H 1)
Probabilities are discussed in general – also out of context,
as one can do much more with probabilities than
statistical inference only. (H 1)
3
“Taal” en agtergrond. (H 2)
“Language” and background. (H 2)
Verskeie diskrete sowel as kontinue veranderlikes in hulle
onderskeie waarskynlikheidsverdelings word behandel.
(H 3 en 4)
Several discrete as well as continuous variables are
discussed in their various contexts. (H 3 and 4)
Gesamentlike waarskynlikheidsverdelings word aangeraak.
(H 5)
Joint probability distributions are discussed briefly. (H 5)
Ewekansige steekproefneming en databeskrywings word
behandel. (H 6.1-6.4, 6.6 gedeeltelik)
Random sampling and data descriptions are discussed
briefly, (H 6.1-6.4, 6.6 in part)
Die verdelings van steekproefstatistieke –
Steekproefverdelings en puntberaming. (H 7)
The distributions of sampling statistics – Sampling
distributions and point estimation. (H 7)
BOGENOEMDE ONDERWERPE WORD NOU SAAMGEVOEG.
THE ABOVE SUBJECTS NOW ARE PUT TOGETHER.
Inferensie: Intervalberaming kan nou gedoen word. (H 8)
Inference: Interval estimation can now be done. (H 8)
Inferensie: Hipotesetoetsing. (H 9)
Inference: Hypothesis testing. (H 9)
Inferensie: Intervalberaming en hipotesetoetsing vir
vergelyking van twee parameters uit twee populasies,
elk met sy eie steekproef. (H 10)
Inference: Interval estimation and hypothesis testing for
comparison of two parameters from two populations,
each with its own sample. (H 10)
4
Eenvoudige lineêre regressie en korrelasie. (H 11)
(Verwysing na logistiese regressie en nie-lineere
regressie)
Simple linear regression and correlation. (H 11)
(Reference to logistic regression and non-linear
regression.)
Meervoudige lineêre regressie en korrelasie. (H 12 slegs
kortliks as uitbreiding van eenvoudige lineêre regressie,
tesame met interpretasie van bepalingskoëffisiënt en
regressiekoëffisiënte.)
Multiple linear regression and correlation, together with
interpretation of coefficient of determination and
regression coefficients.)