Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988

SECTION 1. TITLE. The Act shall be known as the  In determining retention limits,
COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM LAW OF 1988. the State shall respect the
rights of small landowners.
 Approved on June 10, 1988.  The State shall provide
 Effectivity: June 15, 1988. incentives for voluntary land-
 Its operation covers all public and private sharing.
agricultural lands, regardless of tenurial o SEC5, ARTXII
arrangement and commodity produced,  The State shall recognize the
including other lands of the public domain right of farmers, farmworkers,
suitable for agriculture. and landowners, as well as
SECTION 2. DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND cooperatives, and other
POLICIES. independent farmers’
organizations to participate in
 PURPOSES: the planning, organization, and
o Promote social justice and management of the program
industrialization  The State shall support
o Provide the mechanism for its agriculture through appropriate
implementation technology and research, and
o Other purposes adequate financial, production,
 PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES marketing, and other support
(WEJASRE-ECO-SUB-SO-IEP-CA) services.
o Welfare of landless farmers o SEC6, ARTXII
o Equitable distribution and ownership of  The State shall apply the
lands principles of agrarian reform,
o Just distribution of agricultural lands or stewardship, whenever
o Appropriate support in technology and applicable xxx
research  The State may resettle landless
o Stewardship whenever applicable farmers and farmworkers in its
o Resettlement of landless farmers own agricultural estates which
o ECOnomic-size family farm shall be distributed to tem in
the manner provided by law.
o SUBsistence fishermen’s rights
o SEC7, ARTXII
o Social responsibility principle
 The State shall protect the
o IEP- Industrializatiion, Employment and
rights of subsistence fishermen
Privatization of public sector
xxx
enterprises
o SEC8, ARTXII
o Capital-extensive farms development
 The State shall provide
 CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS OF CARL (1987 CONST)
incentives to landowners to
o SEC4, ART.XII
invest the proceeds of the
 State shall undertake agrarian
agrarian reform program to
reform program founded on
promote industrialization,
the rights of the farmers and
employment and privatization
regular farmworkers, who are
of public sector enterprises. xxx
landless, to own directly or
collectively the lands they till SECTION 3. DEFINITIONS.
or, in case of other
farmworkers, to receive a just  AGRARIAN REFORM – redistribution of lands,
share of the fruits thereof. regardless of crops or fruits produced , to
 State shall encourage and farmers and regular farmworkers, who are
undertake the just distribution landless, irrespective of tenurial arrangement,
of all agricultural lands, subject to include the totality of factors and support
to such priorities and services designed to lift the economic status of
reasonable retention limits as the beneficiaries and all other arrangements
the Congress may prescribe xxx alternative to the physical redistribution of

JD-C; NEW ERA UNIVERSITY-COLLEGE OF LAWPage 1

 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988

lands, such as production or profit-sharing,  The President, upon the

labor administration, and the distribution of recommendation of the DENR.
shares of stocks, which will allow beneficiaries o SECONDARY CLASSIFICATION OF
to receive a just share of the fruits of the lands AGRICULTURAL LAND (RECOIN)
they work.  REsidential land
o DISTINCTION BETWEEN LAND REFORM  COmmercial land
AND AGRARIAN REFORM  INdustrial land
 LAND REFORM – a program o POWER TO RECLASIFY AGRICULTURAL
which seeks to change landlord- LANDS
tenant relationship with the  The local government - cities
end in view of transferring the and municipalities.
ownership and control of the  AGRARIAN DISPUTE – Any controversy relating
agricultural land to the actual to tenurial arrangements, whether leasehold,
tiller. tenancy, stewardship or otherwise, over lands
 AGRARIAN REFORM – broader devoted to agriculture, including disputes
than land reform. It is a land concerning farmworkers’ associations or
reform, coupled with a package representation of persons in negotiating, fixing,
of support services, price maintaining, changing, or seeking to arrange
contro;, and government terms or conditions of such tenurial
assistance on matters related to arrangements.
legal aid, consultation, It includes any controversy relating to
counseling, building of projecys compensation of lands acquired under this Act
which will contribute to the and other terms and conditions of transfer of
development and success of ownership from landowners to farmworkers,
agrarian reform and such other tenants and other agrarian reform beneficiaries,
support services which the whether the disputants stand in the proximate
government may give from relation of farm operator and beneficiary,
time to time, if necessary. landowner and tenant, or lessor and lessee.
 AGRICULTUURE, AGRICULTURAL ENETRPRISE,  IDLE OR ABANDONED LAND – Any agricultural
OR AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY – the cultivation land not cultivated, tilled or developed to
of the soil, planting of crops, growing of fruits, produce any crop nor devoted to any specific
trees, including the harvesting of such farm economic purpose continuously for a period of
products, an other farm activities and practices 3 years immediately prior to the receipt of
performed by a farmer in conjunction with such notice of acquisition by the government as
farming operations done by persons whether provided under this Act, but does not include
natural or juridical. land that has become permanently or regularly
(CUL-PLA-GROW-HARVEST-OTHER) devoted to non-agricultural purposes. It does
CULtivation of the soil not include lands which has become
PLAnting of crops unproductive by reason of force mejure or any
GROWing of fruits and trees fortuitous event, provided that prior to such
HARVESTing of farm products event, such land was previously used for
OTHER farm activities and practices. agricultural or other economic purpose.
 AGRICULTURAL LAND – land devoted to  FARMER* (as amended by RA9700) – a natural
agricultural activity as defined in this actand not person whose primary livelihood is cultivation
classified as mineral, forest, commercial, or of land or the production of agricultural crops,
residential land (MINFORECOIN). livestock and/or fisheries either by
o PRIMARY CLASSIFICATION OF LAND himself/herself, or primarily with the assistance
(AGFOTIMINA) of his/her immediate farm household, whether
 AGricultural lang the land is owned by him/her, or by another
 FOrest land person under a leasehold or share tenancy
 TImber land agreement or arrangement with the owner
 MIneral land thereof. (i-memorize daw, and distinguish from
 NAtional parks farmworkers, regular farmworkers, seasonal
o POWER TO RECLASSIFY farmworkers)
JD-C; NEW ERA UNIVERSITY-COLLEGE OF LAWPage 2
 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988

 FARMWORKERS* – a natural person who Jesus vs. IAC, GR No 72282, July 24,
tenders service for value as an employee or 1989)
laborer in an agrivultural enterprise of farm o LEASEHOLD TENANCY vs CIVIL LAW
regardless of whether his compensation is paid TENANCY
on daily, weekly, monthly or “pakyaw” basis.
The term includes individual whose work has LEASEHOLD TENANCY CIVIL LAW TENANCY
Agrarian Land Rural or urban
ceased as a consequence of, or in connection
Personal Cultivation of
No need to personally
with, a pending agrarian dispute, and who has
Land cultivate the land
not obtained a substantially equivalent and Devoted to agriculture
Any other lawful
regular farm employment. pursuit
 REGULAR FARMWORKER* - a natural persono Governed by special Governed by the civil
who is employed on a permanent basis by an laws code
agricultural enterprise or farm.
 SEASONAL FARMWORKER* - a natural person
o IMMEDIATE FARM HOUSEHOLD –
who is employed on a recurrent, periodic or
membership of the family of the lessee or
intermittent basis by an agricultural enterprise
lessor and other persons who are
or farm, whether as a permanent or non-
dependent upon him for support and who
permanent laborer, such as “dumaan,”
usually help him in his activities. (De Jesus
“sacada”, and the like.
vs. IAC, GR No 72282, July 24, 1989)
 OTHER FARMWORKER – a farmworker who
does not fall under paragraphs g,h,i SECTION 4. SCOPE.
(farmworker, regular farmworker, or seasonal
farmworker).  LANDS COVERED BY CARL OF 1988
 COOPERATIVES – organizations composed o All public and private agricultural lands
primarily of small agricultural producers, o Other lands of public domain suitable
farmers, farmworkers, or other agrarian reform for agriculture
beneficiaries who voluntarily organize  SPECIFIC LANDS COVERED BY CARP
themselves for the purpose of pooling land, o Alienable and disposable lands of public
human, technological, financial, or other domain suitable for agriculture
economic resources, and operated on the o All lands of public domain in excess of
principle of one member of a cooperative, with the specific limits as determined by
the same rights and duties as a natural person. Congress
 OTHER DEFINITIONS AS ENUNCIATED IN SC’s o All lands owned by the Government
DECISIONS devoted to or suitable for agriculture
o AGRICULTURAL LESSEE – The mere fact o All private lands devoted to or suitable
that the land is agricultural does not for agriculture regardless of the
ipso facto make one an agricultural agricultural products raised or that can
lessee. The law provides conditions or be raised thereof
requisites before one can qualify as
SECTION 5. SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION.
such and the land being agricultural is
only one of them. Among others, the  Distribution of all lands covered by this Act
law requires the tenant and his shall be implemented immediately and
immediate family to work the land. (De completed within 10 years from effectivity
Jesus vs. IAC, GR No 72282, July 24, thereof (or from June 15, 1988).
1989)
o AGRICULTURAL LESSEE vs CIVIL LAW SECTION 6. RETENTION LIMITS.
LESSEE - An AGRICULTURAL LESSEE
 WHAT IS THE RETENTION LIMIT?
whose security of tenure is guaranteed
o Shall not exceed 5 hectares but 3
by the tenancy law should be
hectares may be awarded to each child
distinguished from a CIVIL LAW LESSEE
of land owner subject to the following
whose right to work on the land expires
qualifications:
in accordance with the terms and
 He is at least 15 years old
conditions of the lease agreements. (De

JD-C; NEW ERA UNIVERSITY-COLLEGE OF LAWPage 3

 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988

 He is actually tilling the land or  All government-owned

directly managing the farm agricultural lands – for
 IF THE LANDSS OF A LANDOWNER HAVE immediate acquisition and
ALREADY BEEN COVERED BY PD27M WHAT distribution to be completed
ARE HIS RIGHTS UNDER THE CARL? within 4 years from the
o He shall be allowed to keep the area effectivity of CARL
originally retained by him under PD27, o PHASE 2
provided that the original homestead  All alienable and disposable
grantees or direct compulsory heirs public agricultural lands
who still own the original homestead at  All arab;e public agricultural
the time of the approval or CARL shall lands under agro-forest,
retain the same areas as long as they pasture, and agricultural leases
continue to cultivate said homestead. already cultivated and planted
o He has the right to choose the area to to crops
be retained which shall be compact or  All public agricultural lands to
contagious. be opened for development
 IF THE AREA CHOSEN BY THE LANDOWNER IS and resettlement
TENANTED, WHAT IS THE OPTION OF THE  All private agricultural lands in
TENANT? excess of 50 hectares insofar as
o He can remain in the land, in which the excess is concerned – for
case, he shall be considered a immediate implementation
leaseholder and shall lose his right as a upon the effectivity of the
beneficiary under CARL CARL, also to be completed
o He can choose to be a beneficiary in the within the period of 4 years.
same or another agricultural land with a o PHASE 3
similar or comparable features.  All other private agricultural
 IF THE TENANT CHOOSES TO BE A lands as follows:
BENEFICIARY IN ANOTHER AGRICULTURAL  Above 24 hectares upto
LAND, WHAT IS THE CONSEQUENCE? 50 hectares
o He shall lose his right as a leaseholder  From the retention limit
to the land retained by the landowner upto 24 heactares
 IF THE TENANT CHOOSES TO BE A
SECTION 8. MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS.
BENEFICIARY, WHAT IS THE TIME FRAME
GIVEN TO HIM BY CARL WITHIN WHICH TO  HOW SHALL THE SAID LANDS BE DISTRIBUTED
EXERCISE SUCH OPTION? AFTER THE EXPIRATION OF THE
o 1 year from the time the landowner CORRESPONDING LEASES OR AGREEMENTS?
manifests his choice of the area to be o Lands leased, held, or possess by
retained by him. multinational corporations shall be
subject to immediate compulsory
SECTION 7. PRIORITIES.
acquisition and distribution upon
 WHAT ARE THE PRIORITIES IN THE expiration of the lease or other
ACQUISITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF contracts in effect as of August 29,
AGRICULTURAL LANDS? 1987, or upon their valid termination,
o PHASE 1 whichever comes sooner, but not later
 Rice and corn lands under PD than 10 years after effectivity of the
27 CARL.
 All idle or abandoned lands o These lands shall be distributed directly
 All private lands voluntarily to individual worker-beneficiaries, or if
offered for redistribution dividing the land is not economically
 All lands foreclosed by feasible, a lease or growers contract or
government financial institutins any other legitimate agreement may be
 PCGG acquired lands entered into by previous employer with
a cooperative or association composed

JD-C; NEW ERA UNIVERSITY-COLLEGE OF LAWPage 4

 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988

of worker-beneficiaries. Such  Penal farms worked by inmates

agreements must not in any way reduce  Government research and
the status, benefits, or rights already quarantine centers
enjoyed by the worker beneficiaries at o All lands with 18% slope and over
the time CARL becomes effective. EXCEPT those already developed.
 WHEN SHALL LANDS DEVOTED TO AGRI-
BUSINESS AND OPERATED BY SECTION 11. COMMERCIAL FFARMING.
MULTINATIONALAS BE DISTRIBUTED?  Private agricultural lands devoted to
o Immediately upon effectivity of CARL to agriculture, fruit farms, vegetable and cut-
be completed within 3 years. flower farms, and cacao, coffee, and rubber
SECTION 9. ANCESTRAL LANDS. plantations shall be subject to government
acquisition and redistribution only after 10
 ANCESTRAL LANDS – Ancestral land of each years from the effectivity of CARL. For new
indigenous cultural community shall include, farms, the 10-year period shall begin from the
but not limited to, lands in the actual, 1st year of commercial production and
continuous and open possession and operation
occupation of the community and its members,
SECTION 12. DETERMINATION OF LEASE RENTALS.
provided that the torrens system shall be
respected  To protect and improve the tenurial and
 WHAT IS THE PROTECTION GIVEN BY CARL TO economic status of the farmers, the DAR is
EACH INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITY? mandated to determine and fix immediately the
o The rights of these communities shall lease rentals in accordance wit sec.34 of RA
be protected to ensure their economic, 3844.
social, and cultural well-being.  DAR shall immediately and periodically review
o In line with the principles of sel- and adjust rental structures for different crops,
determination and autonomy, the including rice and corn of different regions in
systems of land ownership, land use, order to improve progressively the conditions of
and the modes of settling land disputes the farmer, tenant, or lessee.
of all these communities must be
recognized and respected SECTION 13. PRODUCTION SHARING PLAN.

SECTION 10. EXEMPTIONS AND INCLUSIONS  ENTERPRISES OPERATIONG UNDER A

PRODUCTION VENTURE, LEASE MANAGEMENT
 WHAT ARE THE LANDS EXEMPTED FROM THE CONTRACT OR OTHER SIMILAR
COVERAGE OF CARP? ARRANGEMENT AND ANY FARM COVERED BY
o Those actually, directly, and exclusively SECTIONS 8 AND 4 OF CARL
used and necessary for: o They are mandated to execute within
 Parks 90 days from effectivity of CARL, a
 Wildlife production plan, under guidelines
 Forest reserves presented by the appropriate
 Reforestation government agency.
 Fish sanctuaries and breeding  BENEFITS ALREADY GRANTED TO EMPLOYEE
grounds BENEFICIARIES SHALL NOT BE DIMINISHED
 Watersheds and mangroves
 National defense SECTION 14. REGISTRATION OF LANDOWNERS.
 School sites and campuses
 WITHIN 180DAYS from the effectivity of CARL,
including school-operated
All natural and juridical persons are required to
experimental farm stations
register their landhohldings witth the assesor’s
 Seeds and seedling research
office in the municipality where their properties
and pilot production centers
are located.
 Churchsites and convents
 Mosque sites and Islamic SECTION 15. REGISTRATION OF BENEFICIARIES.
centers
 Cemeteries

JD-C; NEW ERA UNIVERSITY-COLLEGE OF LAWPage 5

 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988

 The potential beneficiaries, with the assistance  NOTICES REQUIRED IN IMPLEMENTING CARP
of the BARC and the DAR shall provide the o Notice of coverage and letter of
following data: invitation to a preliminary conference
o Names and members of the immediate sent to the landowner, the
farm household representative of the BARC, LBP, farmer
o Owners or administrators pf the lands beneficiaries and other interested
they work on and the length of tenurial parties
relationship o NOTICE OF ACQUISITION sent to the
o Location and area of the land they work landowner
o Crops planted
SECTION 17. DETERMINATION OF JUST
o Their share in the harvest or amount of
COMPENSATION
rental paid or wages received
 The registry or list of all potential CARP  WHAT IS JUST COMPENSATION?
beneficiaries in the barangay shall be posted in o Just and complete equivalent of the loss
the barangay hall, school or other public which the owner of the thing
buildings in the barangay where it shall be open expropriated has to suffer by reason of
to inspection by the public at all reasonable the expropriation
hours. o The full and fair equivalent of the
property taken from its owner by the
SECTION 16. PROCEDURE AND ACQUISITION OF
expropriator.
PRIVATE LANDS
 FACTORS CONSIDERED IN DETERMINING JUST
1. Before proceeding with the procedures COMPENSATION
mentioned in section 16, it is necessary that the o Cost of acquisition of land
lands covered by CARP is already identified o Current value of the like properties
2. After the identification, the DAR shall send its o Nature of the land
notice to acquire the lands to the owners o Actual use and income
thereof o Sworn valuation by the landowner
3. If DAR’s offer is accepted by the landowner, the o Tax declarations
LBP shall pay the landowner the purchase price o Assessments made by the government
of the land within 30days after he executes and assessors
delivers a deed of transfer in favor of the o Social and economic benefits
Government and surrenders the Certificate of contributed by the farmers and
Title and other muniments of title farmworkers and by the government
4. If there is rejection or failure to reply, the DAR o Non payment of taxes or loans secured
shall conduct summary administrative from any government financing
proceeding to determine the compensation for institution on the said land
the land by requiring the landowner, the LBP
 WHO MAKES THE PRELIMINARY
and othe interested parties to submit evidence
DETERMINATION OF JUST COMPENSATION
as to the just compensation for the land, within
CASES?
15days from the receipt of the notice.
Thereafter, the matter is deemed submitted for PROVINCIAL REGIONAL DEPARTMENT
decision AGRARIAN AGRARIAN OF AGRARIAN
5. In case of receipt of payment or in the case of REFORM REFORM REFORM
rejection or non-reply from the landowner, the ADJUDICATO ADJUDICATO ADJUDICATIO
R R N BOARD
DAR shall take immediate possession of the
If the If the If the offer is
lands and shall request the proper Registry of compensatio government’s more than
Deeds to issue a Tansfer of Certificate Title in n offered offer is more 5million pesos
the name of the Republic of the Philippines, does not than 2million
upon the deposit of the compensation in cash exceed pesos but
or LBP bonds 2million does not
6. If there is an agreement with a decision, any pesos exceed
5million
issue as to the matter of just compensation will
pesos
be decided by the appropriate court

JD-C; NEW ERA UNIVERSITY-COLLEGE OF LAWPage 6

 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988

 DARAB TAKES COGNIZANXE OF VALUATION negotiable at anytime

CASES INVOLVING PD27 LANDS For lands 24 hectares
 FINAL DETERMINATION OF JUST and below-35% cash,
the balance to be paid
COMPENSATION IS VESTED IN THE COURTS
in government
 WHAT IS THE DELINEATION OF financial instruments
AUTHORITYBETWEEN DARAB AND THE rtc AS negotiable at anytime
REGARDS TO VALUATION CASES?  ATTRACTIVE FEATURES OF LBP BONDS
o Market interest rates are aligned with
DARAB RTC
91-day treasury bill lrates
Determine the initial Has the right to review
valuation of lands. with finality the said o Transferability and negotiability
Valuation is only determination in the  Acquisition of land or other real
preliminary, unless exercise of what is properties of the government
accepted by all parties admittedly a judicial  Acquisition of shares of stock of
concerned. function. government owned and
controlled corporations
DAR has PRIMARY Determination of just
JURISDICTION as an compensation by DAR  Substitution for surety or bail
administrative agency is by no means final bonds
to determine in and conclusive upon  Security for loans with any
preliminary manner the landowner or any government financial institution
the reasonable other party.  Payment for various taxes and
compensation to be fees to government
paid for the lands Basis: Sec16(f) “Any
 Payment for tuition fees
taken under the CARP, party who disagrees
but such with the decision may  Payment for fees of the
determination is bring the matter to the immediate family of the original
subject to challenge in court of proper bondholder
courts jurisdiction for final  Such other uses
determination of just
compensation” SECTION 19. INCENTIVES FOR VOLUNTARY OFFERS FOR
SALES.

SECTION18. VALUATION MODE.  LANDOWNERS, other than banks and other

financial institutions, WHO VOLUNTARILY
 The LBP shall compensate the landowner in
OFFER THEIR LANDS FOR SALE SHALL BE
such amounts as may be agreed upon by the
ENTITLED TO AN ADDITIONAL 5% CASH
landowner and the DAR and the LBP, xxx or as
PAYMENT
may be finally determined by the court, as just
compensation for the land. SECTION 20. VOLUNTARY LAND TRANSFER.
 MODE OF COMPENSATION
 As compared to Section 19, Section 20 does not
IN CASH IN KIND state a specific incentive to a landowner who
For lands above 50 Shares of stocks in voluntarily transfer his lands to qualified
hectares insofar as government-owned or beneficiaries.
the excess hectare is controlled
 Section 20 merely states that “the terms and
concerned – 25% corporations, LBP
cash, the balance to preferred shares, conditions, of such transfer shall not be less
be paid in government physical assets or than favorable to the transferee thann those of
financial instruments other qualified the government’s standing offer to purchase
negotiable at anytime investments in from the landowner and to resell to the
accordance with beneficiaries.
guidelines set by the
PARC SECTION 21. PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION BY
For lands above 24 Tax credits which can BENEFICIARIES UNDNER VOLUNTARY LAND TRANSFER
hectares and upto 50 be used against any
hectares- 30%cash, tax liability  MODES OF PAYMENT BY A FARMER
the balance to be paid BENEFICIARY TO THE LANDOWNER
in government
o In cash
financial instruments
o In kind
JD-C; NEW ERA UNIVERSITY-COLLEGE OF LAWPage 7
 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988

o Other details of arrangement must be one or several of the items susceptible of cultivation
registered and approved by the DAR. of production, the tenant by a single person
cultivating the land together with members of
SECTION 22. QUALIFIED BENEFICIARIES personally with aid of his immediate farm
labor available from household, belonging to or
 BENEFICIARIES: members of his immediate legally possessed by
o Landless residents of the same farm household, and the another in consideration
barangay, or if there is none, to produce thereof to be of a fixed amount in
divided between the money or in produce or in
o Landless residents of the same
landholder and the tenant both.
municipalilty, following the order of
 ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL TENANCY
priority:
o Parties
 Agricultural lessees and share
o Agricultural land
tenants
o Consent
 Regulr farmworkers
o Agricultural production as purpose
 Seasonal farmworkers
o Personal cultivation
 Other farmworkers
o Compensation
 Actual tillers or occupants of
public lands SECTION 23. DISTRIBUTION LIMIT
 Collective or cooperatives of
the above beneficiaries  No qualified beneficiary may own more than 3
 Others directly working on the hectares of land
land
SECTION 24. AWARD TO BENEFICIARIES
o PROVISO: 2 PREFERENCES
 Children of landowners who are  The rights and responsibilities of the beneficiary
qualified shall be given shall commence from the time the DAR makes
preference in the distribution of an award of the land to him, which award shall
the land of their parents be completed within 180days from the time
 Actual tenant-tillers in the DAR takes actual possession of the land.
landholding shall not be  Ownership by the beneficiary shall be
objected or removed evidenced by a Certificate of Land Ownership
therefrom. Award (CLOA), which shall contain the
o BASIC QUALIFICATIONS OF restrictions and conditions provided for in the
BENEFICIARIES Act, and shall be recorded in the Register of
 Willingness Deeds concerned and annotated on the
 Aptitude Certificate of Title.
 Ability to cultivate and make
the lands as productive as SECTION 25. AWARD CEILINGS FOR BENEFICIARIES
possible.
 Beneficiaries shall not be awarded an
o GROUNDS FOR DISQUALIFICATIONS OF
agricultural land exceeding 3 hectares.
BENEFICIARIES
 Landless beneficiary – one who owns less than
 Guilty of negligence, misuse of
3 hectares of land
the land
 OPTION FOR COLLECTIVE OWNERSHIP –
 Beneficiaries under PD27 who
organization into one group through
have culpably sold, disposed of,
o Co-ownership
or abandoned their land
o Farmers’ cooperative
 KINDS OF AGRICULTURAL TENANCY*
 RESTRICTION: The total area to
SHARE TENANCY LEASEHOLD TENANCY be awarded shall not exceed
Exists when two persons Exists when a person who, the total number of co-owners
agree on a joint either personally or with or members of the cooperative
undertaking for the aid of labor available or collective organization
agricultural production from members of his
multiplied by the award limit
wherein one party immediate farm
furnishes the land and the household undertakes to EXCEPT in meritorious cases as
other his labor, with either cultivate a piece of determined by the PARC.
or both contributing any agricultural land
JD-C; NEW ERA UNIVERSITY-COLLEGE OF LAWPage 8