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    Black Body Radiation

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    byun baek
    Black body radiation is thermal electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object based on its temperature. All objects emit some level of black body radiation. The amount of radiation emitted increases with the object's temperature and surface area and can be calculated using Stefan-Boltzmann's law. Real objects are not perfect blackbodies and emit less radiation, described by their emissivity. Radiation between two surfaces also depends on their relative configuration and temperatures, which is accounted for using configuration factors. Two examples calculate the heat loss from a heated plate and power radiated from a lightbulb filament using these principles.

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    Black Body Radiation

    Uploaded by

    byun baek
    185 views3 pages
    Black body radiation is thermal electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object based on its temperature. All objects emit some level of black body radiation. The amount of radiation emitted increases with the object's temperature and surface area and can be calculated using Stefan-Boltzmann's law. Real objects are not perfect blackbodies and emit less radiation, described by their emissivity. Radiation between two surfaces also depends on their relative configuration and temperatures, which is accounted for using configuration factors. Two examples calculate the heat loss from a heated plate and power radiated from a lightbulb filament using these principles.

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    Black body radiation

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    Black body radiation is thermal electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object based on its temperature. All objects emit some level of black body radiation. The amount of radiation emitted increases with the object's temperature and surface area and can be calculated using Stefan-Boltzmann's law. Real objects are not perfect blackbodies and emit less radiation, described by their emissivity. Radiation between two surfaces also depends on their relative configuration and temperatures, which is accounted for using configuration factors. Two examples calculate the heat loss from a heated plate and power radiated from a lightbulb filament using these principles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    185 views3 pages

    Black Body Radiation

    Uploaded by

    byun baek
    Black body radiation is thermal electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object based on its temperature. All objects emit some level of black body radiation. The amount of radiation emitted increases with the object's temperature and surface area and can be calculated using Stefan-Boltzmann's law. Real objects are not perfect blackbodies and emit less radiation, described by their emissivity. Radiation between two surfaces also depends on their relative configuration and temperatures, which is accounted for using configuration factors. Two examples calculate the heat loss from a heated plate and power radiated from a lightbulb filament using these principles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Black body radiation

    Black body radiation is a thermal electromagnetic radiation within or surrounding that emits


    the maximum amount of heat for its absolute temperature. If two black bodies that radiate
    toward each other, they will have a net heat flux between them.

    The amount of radiation emitted in a given frequency range should be proportional to the
    number of modes in that range. The best of classical physics suggested that all modes had
    an equal chance of being produced, and that the number of modes went up proportional to
    the square of the frequency.

    Q=σA T 4

    Q = heat transfer rate (Btu/hr)


    σ = Stefan-Boltzman constant
    A = surface area (ft2)
    T = temperature (°R)

    Emissivity
    Emissivity is the measure of an object's ability to emit infrared energy. Emitted energy
    indicates the temperature of the object. Emissivity can have a value from 0 (shiny mirror) to
    1.0 (blackbody). Most organic, painted, or oxidized surfaces have emissivity values close to
    0.95. Real objects do not radiate as much heat as a perfect black body. They radiate less
    heat than a black body and are called gray bodies.
    Q=εσA T 4
    ε = emissivity of the gray body (dimensionless)

    Radiation configuration factor


    Configuration factor (f) is a dimensionless factor which takes into account the emissivity of
    both bodies and their relative geometry. The heat flow between two gray bodies can now
    be determined by:
    Q=fσA (T 41−T 42 )

    Radiative heat transfer rate between two gray bodies can be calculated by:
    Q=fa fe σA(T 41 −T 4 2)

    where:
    fa = is the shape factor that depends on the spatial arrangement of the two objects
    fe = is the emissivity factor that depends on the emissivity of both objects

    problem 1
    A heated plate of D = 0.2 m diameter has one of its surface insulated, and the other is
    maintained at Tw=550 K. If the hot surface has an emissivity ε = 0.9 and is exposed to a
    surrounding area at Ts=300 K with atmospheric air being the intervening medium, calculate
    the heat loss by radiation from the hot plate to the surroundings.

    known:
    D = 0.2 m
    ε = 0.9
    σ −8 2 4
    = 5.669 x 10 W /m K

    Tw = 550 K
    Ts = 300K

    Answer:
    1 2 1 2
    A = π D = x 3,14 x 0.2 =0.0314
    4 4
    Q=ε σ A ( T 4w −T 4 s )

    ¿ 0.9 x ( 5.669 x 10−8 ) x 0.0314 ( 550 4−300 4 )

    = 133,62 btu/hr

    Problem 2
    The filament in a light bulb has a diameter of 0.5 millimeters and a length of 50 millimeters.
    The surface area of the filament is 4 × 10−8 m2. If the temperature is 3000 K, how much
    power does the filament radiate?

    Known:
    Length = 50mm
    Diameter = 0.5 mm
    Area = is 4 × 10−8 m 2
    T = 3000K
    σ −8 2 4
    = 5.669 x 10 W /m K

    Answer:
    P=σA T 4
    P = (5.669 x 10−8 ¿ x (4 × 10−8 m2 ¿ x 30004
    P = 0,1836 watt

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