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MIND CONTROLLED ELECTRONIC DEVICE. An Undergraduate CAPSTONE Project By

Bala, Pritam_ID: 17-33110-1_Dept: EEE__Islam, MD. Mahbubul_ID: 17-33128-1_Dept:
EEE__Adib, Shahariar Mahmud_ID: 17-33241-1_Dept: EEE __Fayed-Al- Hasan_ID: 17-
33184-1_Dept: EEE__ Under the Supervision of DR. MOHAMMAD NASIR UDDIN Post
Graduate Department Head Spring Semester 2017-2018, August, 2018 Faculty of
Engineering American International University - Bangladesh MIND CONTROLLED
ELECTRONIC DEVICE.

A CAPSTONE Project submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, American International

University - Bangladesh (AIUB) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Science in their mentioned respective programs. Bala, Pritam_ID: 17-
33110-1_Dept: EEE___Islam, MD. Mahbubul_ID: 17-33128-1_Dept: EEE___Adib, Shahariar
Mahmud_ID: 17-33241-1_Dept: EEE___Fayed-Al- Hasan_ID: 17-33184-1_Dept: EEE___
Spring Semester 2017-2018, August, 2018 Faculty of Engineering American International
University - Bangladesh
DECLARATION This is to certify that this project is our original work.

No part of this work has been submitted elsewhere partially or fully for the award of any
other degree or diploma. Any material reproduced in this project has been properly
acknowledged. AIUB reserves the right to reuse/update any proprietary material
designed and developed for this work.

Students’ names & Signatures Bala, Pritam _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Islam, MD.

Mahbubul _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Adib, Shahariar Mahmud _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Fayed-Al-Hasan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ APPROVAL The CAPSTONE
Project titled Title Of Your Project has been submitted to the following respected
members of the Board of Examiners of the Faculty of Engineering in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in the respective programs
mentioned below on August, 2018 by the following students and has been accepted as
satisfactory. Bala, Pritam_ID: 17-33128-1_Dept: EEE___Islam, MD.

Mahbubul_ID: 17-33128-1_Dept: EEE___Adib, Shahriar Mahmud_ID: 17-33241-1_Dept:

EEE___Fayed-Al-Hasan_ID: 17-33184-1_Dept: EEE___
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Supervisor Dr. Mohammad Nasir Uddin Postgraduate
Department Head Faculty of Engineering American International University-Bangladesh
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Prof. Dr.

Md. Abdur Rahman Associate Dean Faculty of Engineering American International

University-Bangladesh _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ External Supervisor Nafiz Ahmed Chisty
Undergraduate Department Head Faculty of Engineering American International
University-Bangladesh _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Prof. Dr.

ABM Siddique Hossain Dean Faculty of Engineering American International University-

Bangladesh
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Dr. Carmen Z. Lamagna Vice Chancellor American
International University-Bangladesh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In this section, express your
gratitude to the people who have helped you throughout the work. Give thanks to
different people for valuable discussions, their suggestions, ideas and encouragements.
This section should not be more than one page.

But if you cannot confine your gratitude in one page, you can use two pages.
Remember, Font will be 12, Times New Roman here. Bala, Pritam _ _Islam, MD.
Mahbubul _ _Adib, Shahriar Mahmud _ _Fayed-Al-Hasan _ _
TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i APPROVAL ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii LIST OF
FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES x ABSTRACT xi CHAPTER 1 XII INTRODUCTION Error!
Bookmark not defined. 1.1. Overture 10 1.2. Significance of the Project / Research Work
10 1.2.1.

Related Research Works 11 1.3. Engineering Problem Statement: 2 1.4. Objective of this
Work 2 1.4.1. Primary objectives 2 1.4.2. Secondary Objectives 2 1.5. Comparison with
Traditional Method 2 1.6. Innovation / Scope of the Project: 2 1.7. Impact of Project on
Society 2 1.8. Organization of Book Chapters 2 CHAPTER 2 26 LITERATURE REVIEW
WITH IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATION 26 2.1. Introduction 26 2.2.

Literature Review Of The Previous Works 27 2.2.1. EEG Based Home Automation System
27 2.2.2. Mind- Controlled wheelchair 28 2.2.3. Brain Control Robotic Arm 29 2.3. Design
and Project Concept Planning 31 2.3.1. Problem Solution 32 2.3.2. Controlling Solution
33 2.3.3. Neurosky Head Band 33 2.3.4. RF Dongle (Radio frequency) 33 2.4. Summary 34
CHAPTER 3 35 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 35 3.1. Introduction 35 3.2. S.W.O.T. Analysis of
the Project 35 3.3.

Schedule Management 37 3.4. Cost Analysis 38 3.5. P.E.S.T. Analysis of the Project 38 3.6.
Political aspects 39 3.7. Multidisciplinary Components Management 39 3.8. Individual
Accountabilities 40 3.9. Project Lifecycle 41 CHAPTER 4 43 METHODOLOGY AND
MODELING 43 4.1. Introduction 43 4.2. Methodology 43 4.3. Design And modeling 43
4.3.1 Block Diagram 44 4.3.2 Working Principle 44 4.4. Table- Commands to Control
Device 48 4.5. Basic Components 48 4.5.1.

Relay Circuit 48 4.5.2. IR Checker 49 4.5.3. Memoery Card 50 4.5.4. Raspberry Pi 51 4.5.5.
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B 51 4.5.6. Power Adapter 52 4.5.7 Ethwenet cable 52 4.5.8.
Neurosky Mindwave 53 4.6. Summary 56 CHAPTER 5 56 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 56
5.1. Introduction 56 5.2. Project Implementation 57 5.2.1. Relay with Arduino 58 5.2.2.
Raspberry pi with bulb 58 5.2.3. Raspberry pi with remote 59 5.2.4. Software Used 60 5.3.

Summary 61 CHAPTER 6 62 RESULTS ANALYSIS & CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW 62 6.1.

Introduction 62 6.2. Testing the sensor and data analysis 62 6.2.1. Playing Game with
Neurosky 62 6.2.2. Ardinuo with remote/bulb controlling result and data analysis 64
6.2.3. Raspberry pi with Bilb Controlling Result 65 6.2.4. Raspberry with remote
controlling result 66 6.2.5. Critical part analisis 67 6.3. Summary 68 CHAPTER 7 69
CONCLUSION 69 7.1. Conclution 69 7.2.
Project Finance 69 7.3. Novelty of Project 71 7.4. Limitiations of the work 71 7.5.
Recommendations of Future Development 71 7.5.1. Project Sustainability and Future
Scope 72 7.6. Ethical concerns 72 7.7. Conclusion 73 REFERENCES 74 APPENDIX A 14
Survey Questionnaire 14 APPENDIX B 15 iThenticate Plagiarism Report 15 APPENDIX C
16 Datasheet of the ICs used 16 APPENDIX Z 17 DETAILED DIRECTIONS ON
FORMATTING 17 9.1. Introduction 17 9.2. From Declaration to Abstract 17 9.3. Entering
the Text 17 9.3.1.

Using Bold, Italic or Underline and use of Bullets 17 9.3.2. Text Justification 17 9.3.3.
Spacing Option 18 9.3.4. How to use Numbering 18 9.3.5. Using Color 18 9.4. Table of
Contents 19 9.4.1. How to Update Table of content Automatically 20 9.4.1.1. Mark your
text according to Table 8.1 20 9.4.1.2. Update the Table 20 2.4.2 How to update Table of
Contents manually 20 9.5. List of Figures 20 9.6. Use of Table 21 9.7. Use of Figures 21
9.8.

Writing Equations 22 9.9. Using Symbols 23 9.10. Appendices 23 9.11. References 23

9.12. Error Correction 24 9.13. Summary 24
 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1 Pie Diagram of Survey Finding 1. 18 FIGURE 1.2 Pie
Diagram of survey finding 2. 19 FIGURE 1.3 Pie Diagram of survey finding 3. 20 FIGURE
1.4 Pie Diagram of survey finding 4. 20 FIGURE 1.5 Pie Diagram of survey finding 5. 21
FIGURE 1.6 Pie Diagram of survey finding 6. 21 FIGURE 1.7

Pie Diagram of survey finding 7. 22 FIGURE 1.8 Pie Diagram of survey finding 8. 23
FIGURE 1.9 Bar- graph on benefit to society. 24 FIGURE 2.1 EEG Based Home
Automation System [1]. 27 FIGURE 2.2 Block diagram of wheelchair controlling [2]. 29
FIGURE 2.3 Brain Control Robotic Arm [3]. 30 FIGURE 2.4 Block Diagram of Proposed
System. 31 FIGURE 3.1 Schedule Management project work 37 FIGURE 4.1 System block
diagram of mobility aid 44 FIGURE 4.2

Transmission Section of proposed system. 45 FIGURE 4.3 Transmission Section of

proposed system.. 46 FIGURE 4.4 Algorithm of controlling section. 47 FIGURE 4.5
Channel Relay Module. 49 FIGURE 4.6 IR Checker. 50 FIGURE 4.7 Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
[17]. 51 FIGURE 4.8 Power Adapter. 52 FIGURE 4.9 Ethernet cable. 53 FIGURE 4.10
Neurosky Mindwave. 54 FIGURE 5.1 Synchronizing circuit. 56 FIGURE 5.2 Remote PCB
Layout. 57 FIGURE 5.3 Relay with Arduino. 58 FIGURE 5.4 Raspberry P iwith Bulb.

59 FIGURE 5.5 Wire connect between raspberry pi & Relay. 60 FIGURE 6.1 Playing Game.
63 FIGURE 6.2 Playing speed math game. 64 FIGURE 6.3 Ardiuno with bulb controlling
result. 65 FIGURE 6.4 Raspberry pi with Bulb Controlling Result. 66 FIGURE 6.5 Raspberry
pi with Bulb Controlling Result. 67
 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1.1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 27 TABLE 3.1 COST ANALYSIS 40
TABLE 4.1 MAXIMUM VALUE 50 TABLE 4.2 MINIMUM VALUE 50 TABLE 4.3

EEG BRAIN SIGNAL RANGE & BRAIN STATUS 57 TABLE 7.1 COMPONENT COST FOR THE
PROJECT 71
 ABSTRACT Free mobility is a necessity to live everyday life for human beings. This
project represents brain controlled EEG system for home automation that is designed to
help physical disable and paralysis people. A physically disabled people cannot move
freely. Especially for this people, Brain Computer Interface (BCI) provides a permanent
solution.

Using Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for controlling an electronic device that will
be help the physically disabled people. The system structures of a neurosky mindwave
brain sensor that is communicate with the Bluetooth dongle, which manifested to grant
the permission for controlling home appliances. The system allows the user to
individually turn on/off relay by controlling attention level.

The EEG signal is captured to analyze the brain state status during excrement. The
human brain wave signal contains the millions of neuron pattern. This neuron pattern
creates generating a thought motion which combined of different type of electrical
waves. Neurosky headset consists a sensor to detect concentration level. Which means it
can sense the activity of human brain.

This signal turned into raw data packet and transfer to the raspberry pi through the
Bluetooth Dongle medium. The raspberry pi evaluate the received signal and controlled
the relay circuit of the device to make ON and OFF automatically. Modeling and design
of a system finished properly.

The implementation can easily be modified and developed in home automation and
wireless neuroscience as well as wireless biomedical applications. Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION Overture In this recent time many people are suffered for many
numbers of real time problems. One of the problems is physically disabled and older
people are struggling to on or off the electrical appliances in the home.

Some time, these people can be fall into accident or injured by trying to on or off the
electrical appliances by wrong way. A solution to overcome these issues is by using an
electronic device or remote to operate electrical appliances but this remote or device
does not need any physical movement to operate it can be controlled by brain wave
signal. The BCI interface gives productive solution for the hurdles faced by the people.

In this direction, this paper presents an electronic device which is connected the human
brain wave signal and external devices. To control the device by sensing human
attention level. EEG band is connected to the Raspberry pi through the RF dongle. This
Raspberry pi sends the signal which turns off and turn on the relay circuits. By using this
relay many electronic device can be controlled.

The user can be controlled many electrical appliance and device by their brain signal.
The main operation is switching on or off electrical device without any physical
movement. Significance of the Study: The EEG headset is a device that can read the
human emotion, attention meditation and blinks level.

EEG headset helps paralyzed and physically unable people to easier their life. A person
who is quadriplegics and paraplegics in both arms and both legs this project is best
solution for them to control electrical devices without help of others. This project is
mainly depends upon EEG wave forms, that’s why any physically unable person easily
control the appliances such as Tv, Remote, Light, Fan, Wheelchair etc. The project also
involved in neuroscience and computer technology for improvement.

By using Neurosky they can also enjoying music, games, monitoring their health etc.
The achievement of this project will benefit the following person/ institutions:
Moderately or absolutely physical unable person motor-wise; Control any devices
without help of physical touch.

Medical companies or institutions use EEG headset for observe the stress, attention,
meditation, anger and monitoring health issues of the patients. EEG based devices and
project will be used in the field to collect data and overcome physical problem.
Neuroscience and Computer Technology can make easier life for paralyzed people.
1.2.1.

Scope and Limitation: Although this project is a aimed towards quadriplegics and
paraplegics in general, it does have some restriction, particularly in who can or cannot
use the benefit of this project and hardware respecting ones. The fore-mentioned
restrictions are following: Blink focus levels movement are not 100% accurate. This
devices is suitable for all person except blink and frenzy disorders, prone to seizures. The
EEG headset cannot recognize human beings specific feelings.

The EEG sensor can just use concentration and flicker strength levels to control the
device. A person who is quadriplegics and paraplegics in both arms and both legs,
support is unmoving mandatory in the function of this project, mainly in the turning on
and off of the devices. As future work, eye blink, attention cognitive can be used to
control car acceleration or braking.

Sleep and disorders can be control analysis human brain state. Create data analysis
procedure for determining attention from alpha and gamma waveforms.[] 1.2.2.
Definition of Terms : The terms discussed below are some of the more critical terms that
the common people may not know: Brain-Computer Interface (BCI): A brain – computer
interface is a directly communication system that can communicate with the human
mind and an external electronic appliances.

BCI permits user to control devices without any physical touch, only using mind signals.
Neurosky Mindwave is an instance of a BCI. Electroencephalography
Electroencephalography or EEG is a recording method of electrical fluctuation. EEG
analysis signals from the scalp and EEG is completed by placing electrodes on forehead.

The EEG is a meathod that can measure the human emotion, attention, and meditation
and blinks level. EEG used in medical institutions are limited, it can be increased if the
development of inexpensive, more consumer-favorable. Electrooculography
Electrooculography is a method that can sense eye movement.

EEG recording the standing corneal-retinal potential arising from hyperpolarization and
depolarization existing between the Corneal-retinal ; this is commonly known as EOG
[4]. Raspberry Pi: Raspberry Pi is the name of a series of single-board computers made
by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, a UK charity that aims ti educate people in computing
and create easier access to computing education.

The Raspberry Pi is a very cheap computer that runs Linux, but it also provides a set of
GPIO ( general purpose input/output)pins that allow you to control electronic
components for physical components and explore the Internet Of Things (IoT).[open]IT’s
capable of doing everything you’d expect a desktop computer to do , from browsing the
internet and playing high- defination video to making spreadsheets, word-processing
and playing games. Neurosky Mindwave .

The Neurosky’s Mindwave headset is a device that can read the human emotion,
attention meditation and blinks level and transmits brainwave data through the RF
dongle. The Neurosky Mind wave is an instance of a BCI and most reasonable Brain-
Computer Interfaces. Neuroexperimenter : Neuroexperimenter is a software that can
collect brain signals and analysis them give the performance result based on brain
waves.

A value based on the user’s beta brainwaves that are calculated by Neurosky’s
proprietary algorithm. Attention is associated with the focusing of a single thought by
the user. Attention eSense Meter: Attention eSense Meter is a software that can only
collect beta brain signals and analysis them give the attention level result based on
brain waves.

Meditation eSense Meter: Meditation eSense Meter is a software that can only collect
alpha brain signals and analysis them give the attention level result based on brain
waves. Meditation indicates the level of psychological coolness and relaxation. 1.2.3.
Related -work Physically disabled people can easily these type of device. There is lot of
research paper found based on brain controlled interface. 1.

These paper indicated the The brain signal which is created by the neuron of the brain
are used for different applications. There are many research and paper are published
which are related to brain controlled interface (BCI). 2. This paper deals with Brain
computer interfaces (BCI) based on electromagnetic signal and EEG signal was proposed
in [13]. 3.

These paper deals with the alert system for driver where the brain waves are used to
detect the driver felling sleep when he is driving.
The brainwave sensor unit calculates the eye blinking level when the driver starts driving 
the
car and also compares the current attention value of the driver with the minimum attent
ion value recorded. When the set point is crossed by the eye blinking value, the driver re
ceives an alert. 4. These paper briefly discuss about how the brain activity measurement
and it mental disorder can diagnosis by it. It sense the mood of the patient .There is a
bulb which turn green when the mood is good and turn red when the mood is bad. But
some times it is impossible to measure mental disorder by this . 5.

These paper proposed how a paralyzed can control a wheel chair through their brain
signal .they can command wheel chair with the help of brain controlled interface and
these interface pass their signal to the microcontroller circuit which controlled the wheel
chair to move forward or back ward or left or right. 6.These paper describes In the
implementation of the mind controlled car a car can be controlled by the help of the
generated signal from brain .There is a headset which connected to the head of the
driver and it scan the alpha beta gama signal .and control the wheel of the car. 7.

These paper describes the home automation system .User can control the home
appliance by their eye blinking values .user can control light ,fan ,television etc. there are
lots of technique for controlling these devices. These system can be implemented
various type of home automation system use of home automation by voice control.

It is a operating system like goggle assistance or apples siri. It is a virtual assistance

which can sense the user voice and It measures the frequency of user and it generated
the command by their voice. User can command electronic device by their voice but it is
not useable for mute people . 8. These paper describes the mind controlled universal
remote .

the main objective of this paper is to command the tv or pc by brain signal .It uses a
brain signal and the EEG band use to convert the signal to the command to the tv. and
the EEG band use the command to input in the interface of the tv system .The amplitude
of the brain signal is measured and EEG band sense this data and pass through these
data by wireless Bluetooth module to remote . 1.2.4.
Background study: Radio frequency control system are use for controlling the system
wirelessly it is first invented in England 18964.Physicist oliver demonstrated this by the
electromagnetic wave. Further Gugleilmo Marconi and William updated this
demonstration .They Briefly demonstrated the system in townhall ,london. They created
a box where is a ring and they made the ring bell.

But it is a matter of surprise that there is no internal connection between the box and
the pushing button .It is first invented properly by the british engineer Ernest Wilson. He
made a torpedo which is controlled by radio frequency ,which open the research path
for scientist to wok in this radio frequency.

In recent time Radio frequency is very commonly used. It is used in so many things to
controlled the device wirelessly. In this technology there is a radio frequency transmitter
and receiver. And mainly the operated frequency for RF is 434 MHZ .Radio frequency is
the first things which can controlled the electronic device wirelessly.

IOT(Internet of things)based controlled system means controlling some devices via

internet it is the most updated technology in recent time. There is so many research is
going on the IOT based controlling system. There is server system and by this user can
control their device from very long distance. The main operation this things are ,The
device which the user want to control is connect to the webserver by using coding and
web address ,and there is some micro controlling circuit .There is a deigned app which is
given to user mobile or his pc. User can easily control the device by using this app.

This app is especially designed for The device. There is HCI serial Bluetooth which is
connected to the electronic device and for this device the command signal is transferred
mobile to the electrical appliance. It is the updated version of radio frequency based
controller .It operating frequency is much less than RF controller .There is a built in 20
Mhz adapter is used in HCI serial blue tooth. Wireless controlling system is rapidly
increase day by day.

Wireless system makes life easier for people .From cellular mobile to rocket everywhere
used wireless system .Using wireless system in home appliance is help full for physically
disabled people .They can easily used the electronic device by wireless controlling
system. At this point it is very important to remember that wireless system is one of the
important inventions of new era.

Advantage over tradition method: There are many advantages in this designed device
over tradition method. 1. Bluetooth dongle: This device does not build in Bluetooth but
this device work through RF dongle. So it is easy to use. 2. Cost efficient: this device is
much cost efficient than other device it takes 200-300 dollar to make this device .But in
the market other brain controlled electric device is very expensive .They cost
approximately 1000-2000 dollar or higher. 3.

Accuracy: accuracy in this device is really great. Some other brain controlled device
cannot control the electronic device perfectly. Because sometimes they cannot get brain
signal properly .But accuracy of this designed system is 90 percent. 4. Simple operating
system: the operating system is very easy in this device. This device operate with BCI
interface which is very to use. It can also used with a Smartphone.

5. Easy maintenance: the maintenance cost is lower in this device than other device
because the fault detection in this device is very easy. 6. Multiple applications: this
designed device can be used in multiple device .and it can also operate home appliance
like tv fan light etc. also it can control wheelchair for physically disabled people 1.4.

Objective of this Project: The EEG headset is a device that can read the human emotion,
attention meditation and blinks level. EEG headset helps paralyzed and physically unable
people to easier their life. Main aim of this project is to support paralyzed and physically
unabled people to control the electronic devices using Neurosky EEG band signal.

So they can control their movement and control electrical devices without help of
others. This project is mainly depends upon EEG wave forms, that’s why any physically
unable person easily control the home appliances such as Tv, Remote, Light, Fan,
Wheelchair etc. The project also involved in neuroscience and computer technology for
improvement.

By using Neurosky they can also enjoying music, games, monitoring their health etc. 1.5.
Introduction Of This Project : The mind is combined of neurons, glialcells, and blood
vessels. There are nearly 100 billion of neurons and complementary one another via
trillions of synapses.

Neurons co-operate applying electrical signals and chemical considered neurocarries

that either simulate or ban the operation of a responding neuron.
Electroencephalography can record electrical waves. The relation between a person
brain and a computer thinkable for significance progress in the neurosciences and
computer technology.
BCI is a computer interfacing system that has extend received the human visualization
and modern progress in neuroscience and engineering are building this concept verity.
The Brain- computer interface proficiency is considered as a communication method
that accommodates the human to operate the electronics devices by applying his or her
own brain. The data flows from brain to outside machinery or from outside machinery to
the brain [8].

Every imagination or feeling, thus have their own identical sample. Further these
samples can also be involved by muscle shrinking of eye blink and can be tracked by
brain wave sensor. RF dongle transmits brain sensor data and analysis the brain signal.

The brain wave sensors will analysis brain signals and modify the data into packets and
process them. Python code is used for this process. By adopting BCI the system can be
improved, which can aid to monitoring different electric devices. 1.6. Impact of Project
on Society: We made a survey form for our project and analysis the repose of
consumer’s expectation, idea, and argument, recommendation for this project. These
will be helpful us to develop the project and users friendly for people. / / Fig 1.1: Pie
Diagram of Survey Findings 1.

The survey was carried out online and the maximum number of responses were received
agree about our project. Here we can see 95.5% of people went with agree which is a
positive sign for our project. / / Fig 1.2: Pie Diagram of Survey Findings 2. The maximum
number of this survey went through with “Agree” which is 92%. And 7.6% of people
went through with “No”.

However, the greatest number of responses were obtained those thought about the
positive quality of this project. / / Fig 1.3: Pie Diagram of Survey Findings 3. Around
everyone of this survey thinks this project is an innovative idea which percentage is
92.4% which means it can make a positive vibe on new invention. / / Fig 1.4: Pie
Diagram of Survey Findings 4. A huge number of people went through agree. They want
us to add some more features so we will definitely work in it.

But some people still satisfy with the present condition. / / Fig 1.5: Pie Diagram of
Survey Findings 5. We did put a question about its side effect so 65.2% of people did
agree with that and 34.8% did disagree with that. So, we will try to fix both of their
compliment. / / Fig 1.6: Pie Diagram of Survey Findings 6. A maximum number of
responses came with “Agree”. 84.6% of people are satisfied about our explanation but
still 15.4% of people came with “Disagree”. / / Fig 1.7: Pie Diagram of Survey Findings 7.
The maximum number of people expect that this system should cost between 10000 tk.
After 10000 tk.

they expect it should cost not more that 25000 tk. Then they expect it should cost
between 20000-25000 tk. So, they did stuck between 20000 -25000 tk. / / Fig 1.8: Pie
Diagram of Survey Findings 8. The maximum number of responses came through
“Agree” and some of responses came with “Disagree”. They maximum number of people
think it can help physically disable people.

As the bar-graph below interpret, the project idea has been regarded highly favorable
to society as each time the authentic answered have over passed the other option. / Fig
1.9: Bar-graph on benefits to society. 1.7. Organization of Book Chapters: A short
overview of the book chapters has been given in this portion. This book has been parted
into seven chapter .The book chapters name and the each topic is described shortly
below: Chapter1: This is the introduction part of this project, where historical
background, recent research, advantages, disadvantages, traditional method & scope of
the project has been provided. Chapter2: In this chapter literature review will be discuss.

This review will give us the basic idea to build proposed system structure. Chapter3: This
chapter will be discussed about management system like SWOT analysis, PEST analysis.
Which will help us to overcame the weakness and make it user favorable.

Chapter4: In this chapter different method and design of a proposed system will be
discussed . Chapter 5: This chapter will be discussed how the project will be
implemented and choose the suitable equipments for this project. Chapter6: This
chapter is very important of this project because the output of the project and critical
problem analysis described in this chapter.

Chapter7: In this chapter entire project conclusion will be discussed. Also future work
and limitations of this project will be discussed in details. 1.8. Project Management:
Tasks _Milestones _ _Project topic selection _Project submission _ _Progress report,
Chapter 1&2 _Pre defense _ _Survey _Project book competitions _ _Hardware & Software
Development _Physical Implementation & simulation _ _Modeling & Designing _Final
defense _ _Testing and Results Analysis _Verify the result and Further development _
_Completion of thesis book writing & Book submission to external _Final book & poster
Submission _ _Finishing The project model, Book &project _Final Defense _ _ Tabale1.1:
Project Management Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW WITH DEPTH INVESTIGATION 2.1.
INTRODUCTION: Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) are the systems that can be used in
home automation area and electronic devices can be controlled easily by our brain.BCI
are System that can provide a direct communication pathway and control between
human brain and Physical devices. EEG is an efficient device which helps to collect and
sensing brain signals from the scalp surface area.

In 1924, a German psychiatrist Hans Berger invented the first recording of human brain’s
electric field and gave the recording name electroencephalograph (EEG). The brain
signal can be classified into delta,theta,alpha,beta and gamma waves[7]. 8 to16 pairs of
electrodes are linked to the scalp for record the electric signal of human brain.

Brain signal are transmit through each pair of electrodes to specific recording channel of
electroencephalograph which measures electrical activity at the surface of the brain. This
signal combined the difference in the voltage between two electrodes. The normal
electroencephalograph of adult people in a fully sensible but relaxed state is made up of
regularly repeating oscillating waves called as alpha wave, When a person is excited for
some reason the alpha wave are replaced by rapid irregular wave which are low voltage
signal.

Some other add normal condition are connected with specific (EEG) pattern. Delta waves
are raised from the vacant of a localized are of a brain damage. Electroencephalograph
(EEG) are also provide such facility that user can see how the brain work. But there are
some limitation because some of the complex function of brain such as emotion cannot
be related to EEG patterns.

So EEG cannot be use in diagnosing the mental disorder. 2.2. Literature Review Of The
Previous Works Here some of the previous research has been discussed in depth 2.2.1.
EEG Based Home Automation System: The mind wave signals’ used for various home
appliance .To controls the home appliances the system is designed and implemented
using mind wave headset.

The mind wave headset has pre-built algorithms so that it can measure and identify the
raw signals, attention level, mediation level, blinking detection, emotion detection etc. In
EEG based home automation system the home appliances are connected to the
raspberry pi board at GPIO ( general purpose input/output)pins using 4 channel relay.

The mind wave headset hasn’t build in Bluetooth communication system and it can send
raw data through the RF dongle. The brain wave sensor will sense the brain signals and
analyzing the minimum attention level. When attention levels cross threshold value,
raspberry pi gives a signal to the relay. Then the relay circuit controls its connected load.
/ Fig2.1: EEG Based Home Automation System [1] 2.2.2.

Mind -Controlled wheelchair: The Brain Computer Interface, which can provide direct
communication between the human brain and the wheelchair. Wheelchair is the most
common device for physical disabled person and facing problem to move around freely.
The person can control the wheelchair by using brain wave headset.

This device also allows the user to control the four directional movements left turn, right
turn, forward and backward movement wheelchair. The EEG brain wave headset sensing
the eye blink and user can train up easily inside the home to control the wheelchair. The
Blink detection Algorithm indicates users Stronger and weaker blink rate, when a larger
and weaker number of eye blink occur.

A standard on/off binary system are important for controlling an accurate responses and
the eye blinks are involved with a standard binary system. Blink detection algorithm is
used for movements of wheelchair and the blink strength value is greater than
predefined threshold value because of user command. To record the brain waves a dry
electrode is used .From the data processing unit the raw waves are collecting and sent
through via Bluetooth until whose output is serial data.

Arduino receiving the data and connected to the display and According to the
commands of arduino two motors are rotated. Then Matlab code is used for
programmed the data processing unit. EEG headset scans the brain and ports for
collecting EEG signal and for further analysis sends it to the Matlab. / Fig2.2: Block
diagram of wheelchair controlling [2] 2.2.3. Brain Control Robotic Arm: Paralysis is one of
the major neurological malady and it stops the work of muscle group.

Paralysis damages the nervous system brain function. As a result of paralysis, he cannot
publish his own image. So over time a solution has been made to reveal the
communication effectiveness of that person. The patient, who uses brain signals to
communicate with others person, is known as the brain computer interface (BCI)
systems.

BCI is a muscular communication device that allows a person transmit his or her
message to a robotic arm or artificial leg through the functioning of his brain. The
current world is faster has gone ahead, the arms and artificial leg more natural. Initially,
the task were not easy. However, multiple inadvertent electrons need to be installed in
the brain to receive electrical signals directly from the brain.

The main idea of BCI is to translate brain commands. The key features of the BCI system
is its representation and the most widely spread achievement strategy is the EEG. The
EEG technique takes brainwave records by the electrodes attached to the palate. The
frequency range of these signals is from 1 Hz to 100 Hz.

These signal are the brain wave headset sensors provided by Neurosky technology and
the signal transmitted via Bluetooth which is there in the Mind wave headset. This Mind
wave headset runs with a battery. A Mind wave headset there are sensor tips, power
switches and clips to connect the ear. Those who use this headset should not feel any
pain as it is a non-invasive sensor. A red light will illuminate as the power switch on the
mind wave headset opens.

If it does not get a red, you should understand that there is no Bluetooth connection to
the computer. And if it is converted from rad light to blue lights, its battery power is
reduced. The Bluetooth receiver on the computer, transmitted by the mind wave
headset will accept the data.

These data will be available through the computer and the signal will be processed
through ta Mat Lab platform. And this robot module will have an RF receiver which will
capture the data through the RF transmitter. The data will then be sequentially
transmitted to the robotic arm and complete the tasks. / Fig2.3: Brain Control Robotic
Arm [3]. 2.3.

Design and Project Concept Planning: / Fig 2.4: Block Diagram of Proposed System. The
general concept behind this project was to make a device for physical disabled person.
So they can control their movement and control electrical devices without help of
others.

This idea came from Tony Stark’s Iron Man3 suit, where he used a device around the
head that allowed him to call his suit using brain. Stephen Hawking’s suffering from of
motor neurone disease but he never give up his hope continuing his lecture using brain
command that inspiring help to preparing device for paralyzed people. The project is
mainly depends upon EEG waveforms. Brainwave sensor, Python code, Raspberry pi and
relay are the key parameter of system.
Brain wave is a single-point node sensor that is composed of dry electrodes. A single
channel that has tree points of contact, namely EEG, reference and ground. Mu signals
generated in the front node detects the points and transmits the data to the computer
system. The data was in the form of packets. The computer system consists mainly of
software analysis. Code analyzed the data obtained from the sensor.

The level of attention is compared to the reference level and generates device control.
Network of artificial neurons the algorithm based on is used for decision making. The
algorithm gets the value of the sensor and analysis command. 2.3.1. PROBLEM
SOLUTION: As explain in the introduction chapter, the major issue in following project
deals with is that the proper scanning and processing of the brain signal and transfer
the desired signal to electronic device because it operates with brain signal and it is very
sensitive.

The project solve this type of issues because it operates at lower power and provides
better efficiency. Through controlling capability, the propose system provides the user
controlling various types of electronic. We propose to exploit the available advance of
BCI technology to design a solution to the above named problem. 2.3.2.

CONTROLING SOLUTION: There are large numbers of BCI technology available. This
system range from small and easy to use in electronic device to sophisticated
controlling, which require and external setup only few work and on this tropic and this
found. 2.3.3. Neurosky Head Band: Neurosky band is device for measure of brain
function, supplement neuroimaging studies.

It’s provide direct rather then better controlling the traditional remote. It may be the
only device that shows fluctuation of brain signal. The improved version of neurosky
wave band is MindWave EEG headsets are the development of decades of EEG
biosensor technology research. There are many functions that all in one easy-to-control,
wearable package.

mind wave not so expensive and most affordable brainwave-reading EEG headset
available in the market. the Mind Wave transform science fiction into reality anyone can
can control a electronic device by mind wave device. 2.3.4. RF Dongle (Radio frequency) :
Any of the electromagnetic wave frequencies that lie in the range extending from below
3 kilohertz to about 300 gigahertz and that include the frequencies used for
communications signals.[19] Rf dongle is a pairing medium between neueosky and
raspberry pi.

Dongle sends raw data to raspberry pi and raspberry pi analysis the data, sends
command to relay module. 2.4. Summary: In this chapter, the idea of has been placed
with its historical background, earlier research and recent research. The literature review
case helps us to gain our knowledge and construct our project modeling and designing
idea.

In this chapter the recent and popular research describe vastly. Chapter 3 Project
Management 3.1 Introduction We are in the age of modern technologies. we are
surrounded by new technologies and innovation. Many electronic home appliances can
be controlled by remote from far distance. There are lot of people who are physically
disable. It is very difficult for them to turn or turn of the electronic device.

There might me accident if they do not turn on or turn off the electronic device in
proper time. A special type of remote can be solved this problem. This special remote
can turn on or turn off many home appliances like tv, heater, ac etc. This remutuote also
controlled the electronic devices by human brain signal. our system is step toward a
remote which can control electronic devices by brain signal.

A physically disable people can control the television or electronic devices by their brain
signal. In order to achieve our goal there are few thing like ensuring proper project
management. Also the proper forecasting is needed. This chapter briefly discuss about
the management procedure of our project like SWOT analysis ,schedule management,
PEST analysis etc which will be help to prompt the suitable outcome of this project. In
this chapter the cost analysis of the project is also given that will help us to set the price
of this project.

A Critical analysis of this project will show the external factors that can effect the project.
3.2 S.W.O.T Analysis Of The Project A SWOT investigation assesses the inside qualities
and shortcomings, and the outside openings and dangers in an organization's
environment. The inside investigation recognizes assets, capabilities, center
competencies and competitive preferences, employing a useful approach to survey
back, administration, framework, acquirement, generation, dispersion, promoting,
reputational components and development.

The inner examination is basic in distinguishing the source of competitive advantage. It

pinpoints the resources that have to be be created in arrange to stay competitive. The
outside examination distinguishes advertise openings and dangers by looking at the
competitors' environment, the industry environment and the common environment. The
competitors' environment is an investigation of the assets and capacities of each equal
firm.

The industry environment is looked into through the five strengths system of
competitive contention, modern participants, providers, buyers and item substitution.
This analysis is completely an internal analysis of the project which can be based on
surveys but we did it based on knowledge available from internet.[14] The SWOT
analysis is an important part of the process planning. Strength: The following strength of
this project are given below. Highly energy efficient.

User friendly interface. Can operate tv remote by brain signal but with some
modification it can operate many electronic home appliances as well. Entirely made with
solid hardware so it has less chance to getting damaged. Weakness: The following
weakness of this project are given below. The system is not portable. Before using the
device it need to train up with brain signal. All the resource of this project is not
available. Little bit expensive than normal tv remote.

Opportunities: There are some opportunities of our project is given below.

Implementation of this project in large scale. More research can be done for hardware
to perform more efficiently. Many devices can be control by this remote. IOT system can
be introduce for online monitoring. Threat: Some Threat of this project is mention
below. If There is high voltage goes through this device. The device might be burn. 3.3.

Schedule Management Gantt chart / Fig3.1: Schedule Management project work. 3.4.
Cost Analysis: Item _Quantity _Estimated Cost (Before Final Defense) _Final Expenditure
(After Progress Defense) _ _1.Relay _2 _180tk _220tk _ _2.Holder _4 _35tk _35tk _
_3.Remote _2 _100tk _100tk _ _4.Arduino _2 _400tk _N/A _ _5.Raspberry pi _1 _N/A
_3600tk _ _6.Power adapter _1 _300tk _450tk _ _7.Memory Card _1 _N/A _500tk _
_8.Battary(AAA) _5 _20tk _20tk _ _9.Brain sensor _1 _17000tk _15000tk _ _10.Ethernet
Cable _1 _N/A _100tk _ _11.

Casing with Cooling fan _1 _N/A _450tk _ _12.2Pin Plug _4 _20tk _20tk _ _13.Wire Set _1
_160tk _160tk _ _ _Total=26 _Total =190400 _Total =21220 _ _ Table 3.1: Cost Analysis
3.5. P.E.S.T Analysis of the project: PEST Analysis stands for Political, Economical, Social
& Technological analysis of environment of the organization or/ and Project.
It is relevant to Project in terms of its effects on the Objectives of Project. Continuous
analysis of these environmental factors is required to asses the changes taking place and
how these are impacting projects scope, time cost, assumptions, constraints, risks e.t.c.
[2] This frame work examines the opportunities and threats due to political and an
economical, social ,technological forces.

This PEST analysis will be useful for any organization that defines the current and future
market of our project. This significance of each area in PEST analysis may be varies in
terms of different industry and different country. From the output data of PEST analysis
shows the strategic approaches and contribute the market research. 3.6.

Political aspects: There is no political effect on our project .Government politics or

opposite group politics or any kind of political group cannot be benefited or
detrimental by our project. There will be no impact on our project if the political stability
is change or any kind of hazard in politics.

Economic: Economic aspect of our project is given below. Excessive inflation in economy
might be effect our project to move forward. Prizing of our project may be play an
important role in economic factor. Any kind of economic disaster might decrease the
value of our project. Social: Social aspect of our project is given below. A physically
disable in neglected by many societies .

Our project helps them to control electronic home appliance which increase the social
value of physically disable people Our project is very potential for user which increase
the buying habits of people. Technological: Technological aspects of our project are
given below . Technology might plays an important role to upgrade our product or
production of our project.

In future by the help of technology our project will be very effective .Physically disable
people might control the car also by this. 3.7. Multidisciplinary Components
management Working with group of people is not easy at all. Different people have
different types of opinion. Also there way of working is not same. Some people like to
finished their task as early as possible. Some people like to work in a pressure free
environment.

In order to complete task in proper date line and provide a proper guideline to the
project members a certain group member needs to have a leadership skill. some
personal skills of an individual group member are given below. Pritam Bala Can work
under pressure. and have the tendency to finish the task by given dateline. An excellent
communication skill. have a leadership and influencing skills. Shahariar Mahmud Adib
Problem solving and decision-making skills.

Diplomacy and conflict resolution between competing interests with flexibility. Md

Mahbubul Islam Team working skills with computation and decision -making skills .An
understanding and collaboratively with different personality with styles. Fayed Al Hassan
Emotional intelligence with problem solving and decision- making skills.

Have a managerial -capabilities with Negotiation and persuasion and influencing skill.
Our project is strongly capable for facing “strength”, “weakness”,
“opportunities” ,“threats”, “:political”, “Economic”, “social”, and “technology” options. 3.8.
Individual Accountabilities In our project team we are four group members and each
member plays an important role and shows a leadership skills in different segment of
our project because we need to go through several parts to make our project
standard .As ours is a software and hardware basis project we need to take many
initiative steps for getting good output of our project.

Everyone hard effort makes our project perfect. Every group member of our project
team participated equally. To make the project standard from the very beginning we
need to go through proper planning. We arrange a meeting and divide the work equally
to the group member. We monitor the data and analysis the data briefly and highlight
the incomplete work. we also solve the problem of our project.

we checked error of our project and matched error with theoretical value. Pritam Bala
My task was giving the project ideas at the very outset and I did play my own leadership
in hardware areas. Listing out the required equipment, buying and setting up the hard
ware was my first and foremost duties.

I had also the responsibility to look after my project team, their working dateline and
did my hands to writing the book. Shahariar Mahmud AdiB My task was to analyze the
requirements of our project. I did play leadership in researching books and guiding our
predicted outcome areas. I also did take care of the hardware sector as well as well with
ideas.

I did works equally for each member and also wrote the book and arranged the
contents and references for proper perfection. Mahabubul Islam My task was to analyze
the hardware connections. I myself my own leadership skills in book writing and
software related procurement process areas. I did also look after the team works.
Arranging meeting over our project and highlighting the interconnected task were also
my responsibility.

Fayed al hasan My task was to check the out put of our proposed projects that we
require. I did play my leadership skills in researching paper and testing the project. I was
also looking after the simulation -based model of our project. I was also looking after
the equipment management and the quality of materials we used. Also participated in
book writing segment. 3.9. Project Lifecycle This project will be helpful for physically
disable people.

By using this project physically disable people can control any home appliances like
televisions. This project will be highly beneficial for physically disable people. This
project life cycle is not fixed. Our project is brain computer based interface system
.Because day by day it needs to improve on hardware and also it has the future scope to
be connected with an IOT based server .Many big scientific organization working on a
brain controlled device .But we surely can expect a very lifelong support from our
project hardware.

our project has some weakness because of some issues. Our project need some time to
sync with brain signal .It needs to train up with users brain. This problem can be solved
by using high brain wave sensors. but some sensor of this project is very costly.
Continuous usage of this device can be damaged battery of this device thus the
performance will be this device will be hampered.

So after a few years or months depending upon the usage of the device we need to
change the battery for the high performance of the hardware. Reference: [1]
ResearchGate.2020 “SWOT Analysis: A theoretical review “. [online] Available at:
www.researchgate.net/publication/272353031_SWOT_Analysis Capter-4
METHODOLOGY AND MODELING Introduction: The primary step of this project was to
test using Neurosky mindwave mobile 2, Arduino Uno, hc-05 and relay module.

Because neuro sky mind wave mobile 2 have built in Bluetooth. But when gave AT
command to paired with neurosky and hc-05 , it’s not paired properly . That’s why we
did not get any value to turn on relay module. But after continuing study, we redesign
our project model. It contains some new components Raspberry pi b it’s have
communication problem.
Then we use neuro sky mind wave detector, Raspberry pi 3B, remote (ir module), and
Bluetooth dongle. New brain wave does not support Arduino ,So raspberry pi is the
perfect match for our project. Its work properly without create any problem.
Methodology: Neurosky mindwave mobile 2 is the last version of Mindwave dongle
version.

Neurosky have communication problem, sometimes it is not pair with hc-05 module. So
fix this problem used BlueSMiRF module. It gives better performance than other
Bluetooth module Used high quality relay module, so that it can operate high voltage.
Raspberry pi emits lot of heat so use high quality heat sink and cooling fan.

Mindwave dongle version does not support Ardunio for better performance and collect
strong signal used BlueSMiRF module. It is manually process to connect dongle to the
ardunio. Some limitation collecting raw data and EEG wave signal. So develop software
for collecting data or used premium series software analysis data capturing performance
.

Design And modeling: Here Raspberry pi is Linux based single board computer. Here we
can use multiple programming language. So we use python language. It’s very
comfortable for raspberry pi. Neuro sky mind wave detector dongle easily setup
raspberry pi. Block diagram: / Figure 4.1: System block diagram of mobility aid Working
Principle: First, turn on the Neurosky mindwave, initially its LED light color is orange.

Then connect Bluetooth dongle to raspberry pi. After a few seconds, it sends paring
command signal for communicate with Bluetooth dongle. When Bluetooth dongle
receive pairing, Neurosky sensor LED light color is glowing deep blue. Its means that
device is paired properly. The block diagram of proposed system for transmission
section given below fig(4): / Fig4.2: Transmission Section of proposed system.

Neurosky mindwave continuously sends data to raspberry pi in fig 5, raspberry pi

analyzing the raw data and sense attention level from forehead. After receiving massage
command from raspberry pi gives a command to relay circuit. After receiving command
from raspberry pi, then the relay circuit able to controls its connected load. / Fig4.3:
Transmission Section of proposed system.

In is project user can easily control relay module by control relay module by controlling
Attention level. Attention value level was set up to 0 To 100.Our total system divided
into Four brain state. Firstly neurosky sense the brain signal , then collect raw data and
decode it for smooth control the system. It make the control system every easy and
smooth so any user can control any appliance via mindwave.

If signal Strength is maximum then raspberry pi analysis the set brain states value. After
analysis the value raspberry pi sends command to control relay circuit. On the other
hand, if signal strength is not strong then (less than 100%), then the appliance stays the
previous state. We write special inter lock system for this system, when turn on any relay
channel at the same time not go to another channel or turn on another channel.
/ Fig4.4: Algorithm of controlling section 4.4 Commands to Control Device: Table 4.1:
Maximum value Attention Value _Command _ _1.Attention Value 10-20 _Turn on relay
K1 _ _2.Attention Value 21-35 _Turn on relay K3 _ _3.Attention Value 36-51 _Turn on
relay K4 _ _4.Attention Value 51-100 _Turn on relay K4 _ _ Table 4.2: Minimum value
Attention Value _EEG Signals _ _Attention value less than 10 _Turn off relay K1 _
_Attention value less than 21 _Turn off relay K2 _ _Attention value less than 36 _Turn off
relay K3 _ _Attention value less than 51 _Turn off relay K4 _ _ Basic Components: The
basic components that we have used in our project are briefly discussed below: Relay
circuit: The relay is an electromagnetic switch that turn on or off the contacts to cause
the operation of the other electric control.

It detects the intolerable or undesirable condition with an assigned area and gives the
commands to the circuit breaker to disconnect the affected area. Thus protects the
system from damage.[ 15]https://circuitglobe.com/relay.html] This circuit helps to create
path between raspberry pi and high voltage appliance without damaging any device.
Fig4.5: Channel Relay Module. 4.5.2.IR Checker:
https://www.fierceelectronics.com/sensors/what-ir-sensor An infrared (IR) sensor is an
electronic device that measures and detects infrared radiation in its surrounding
environment.

IR is invisible to the human eye, as its wavelength is longer than that of visible light
(though it is still on the same electromagnetic spectrum). Anything that emits heat gives
off infrared radiation. In this project, we used IR checker for identify the remote IR
visibility. When press remote button IR checker gave bip sound.[16] / Fig4.6: IR Checker
Memory Card: Memory is an electronic data storage device that used for storing digital
information.

We Use 16GB memory card for storage or as a ram because raspberry pi doesn’t have
any internal or external memory storage. 4.5.4. Raspberry Pi: The Raspberry Pi is a low
cost, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer monitor or TV, and uses a
standard keyboard and mouse. [https://www.raspberrypi.org/help/what-%20is-a-
raspberry-pi/][18]. Raspberry pi is a popular small size device that mostly used for home
automation.

We used Raspberry pi to control relay and it also communication path between EEG
based sensor and raspberry pi. [Raspberry Pi 3 Model B]
https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-3-model-b/ The Raspberry Pi 3
Model B is the earliest model of the third-generation Raspberry Pi. It replaced the
Raspberry Pi 2 Model B in February 2016. [17] Quad Core 1.2GHz Broadcom BCM2837
64bit CPU 1GB RAM BCM43438 wireless LAN and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) on board
100 Base Ethernet 40-pin extended GPIO 4 USB 2 ports 4 Pole stereo output and
composite video port Full size HDMI CSI camera port for connecting a Raspberry Pi
camera DSI display port for connecting a Raspberry Pi touchscreen display Micro SD
port for loading your operating system and storing data Upgraded switched Micro USB
power source up to 2.5A. Figure 4.7: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B [17] Power Adapter:
Input:100-240 Output:5v We used AC/Dc power adapter to power up raspberry pi. /
Fig4.8: Power Adapter Ethernet cable: Ethernet is a communication standard that was
developed in the early ’80s to network computers and other devices in a local
environment such as a home or a building.

This local environment is defined as a LAN (Local Area Network) and it connects multiple
devices so that they can create, store and share information with others in the location.
[ https://realpars.com/ethernet/] .[10] We used Ethernet cable to get attention,
meditation data through the raspberry to laptop. / Fig4.9: Ethernet cable Neurosky
Mindwave: NeuroSky mindwave is a EEG based sensor that can sense human brain
states.

Neurosky headset consists of a headband, an ear clip and a sensor Tip/Arm containing
EEG electrode which is place in above the eye on the forehead. Ear clip used as a
ground/ reference. Neurosky mindwave does not have build in Bluetooth system, so it
can communicate through Bluetooth dongle. Neurosky is able to measure attention,
meditation, Blink detection & on head detection. Neurosky cannot identify the blink
accurate rate.

But Neurosky can measure 90% accurate value. Depending on brain state there are five
brainwaves found in brain States they are Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gama. / Fig4.10:
Neurosky Mindwave / Table4.3: EEG Brain Signal Range & Brain Status.
https://psiiibrainsensoryandprosthetic.weebly.com/eeg-signals.html [11] 4.6. Summary:
In this chapter the primary working principal has been written in details.

The theory, modeling of proposed System documentation has demonstrated in this

Chapter. The entire process has been describing all section part by part through
diagram. The simulation was done properly through frizzing simulator software and
proteus. Identify the problem and How to improved communication problem as well as
alternative use of equipment. Chapter 5 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 5.1.
Introduction: Neurosky is a mind control device which can capture raw data and analysis
brain sates position. It is very difficult to get accurate attention value. It is impossible
without getting data for implementation. After finished all segment like designing and
modeling, simulation, programming, it can be possible final implementation for project.

We finished the entire segment and implement the project according to the circuit
diagram. In this Figure 4.1.1 is showing the synchronizing or circuit level block diagram
of this project. Here relay module connect with Raspberry pi GPIO pin like GPIO17,
GPIO18, GPIO22, and GPIO27. VCC and Ground. Figure 5.1: Synchronizing circuit 5.2.

Project Implementation: This project describes design of mind control electronic device
for controlling electronic devices without physical touch. The main aim of this project is
to support physical enable people. Project implementation part divided into individual
testing, it contains remote soldering and visibility test, relay with arduino (remote),
raspberry pi with bulb, raspberry with remote. Remote soldering and visibility test: After
buying remote we remove the remote plastic cover. Then we found small PCB
controlling board.

Inside PCB their several connections to controlling channel. When pressing any button
the connection is sorted and generates pulse through the ir, then turn on/off and
change volume. We break down PCB layout connection and soldering two bold dot
where generate pulse after pausing button. PCB layout fig() given below : / Fig5.2:
Remote PCB Layout.

5.2.1. Relay with Arduino: After getting wire from remote, we write a code for ardinio to
control and test remote wire connect. Remote work properly and we can control
channel and volume through relay and ardunio. Connection in below in fig: / Fig5.3:
Relay with Arduino 5.2.2. Raspberry pi with bulb: After testing remote, our next step is to
control light with brain sensor and raspberry pi. We write a python code to turn on/off
relay.

When attention level 21-35, turns on relay k2 or less than 21 turn off relay. Here, we
write python code for single channel. This implementation connection shown below in
fig: / Fig5.4: Raspberry Pi with Bulb 5.2.3. Raspberry pi with remote: After finish all
testing process, we take attempt for final implementation. We rewrite our code for 4
channel relay.

Then give wire connection to relay No/NC terminal from remote. Power the raspberry pi
and turn on brain wave, its work properly and we can control remote. Wire Connection:
Here we used 4 colors for wire connection such as black, red, deep blue, deep white,
brown. Connect given below in fig() Color _Relay Pin _ _Deep Blue _Input-4 _ _Deep
White _Input-3 _ _Black _Input-2 _ _Brown _Input-1 _ _Green _VCC _ _Black _GND _ _
Wire color+ cap connector color _Relay Channel _ _White wire, yellow cap+ Gray wire,
Red cap _K1 _ _Green wire, yellow cap+ Blue wire, Black cap _K2 _ _Green wire, yellow
cap+ purple wire, Black cap _K3 _ _Green wire, yellow cap+ Gray wire, Red cap _K4 _ _ /
Fig5.5: wire connect between raspberry pi & Relay 5.2.4.

Software Used: PUYTT: Putty is a free and open- source terminal emulator serial console
and net work file transfer application putty tool supports several network protocols
including SCP, SSH, Telent, Region and raw socket. [12] PROTIOUS: Protious is a
simulation based tool used for electronic circuit design automation, PCB layout design.

FRITZING: Fritzing is an open source hardware initiative that builds electronics

symmetric diagram.[13]
 5.3. Summary: In this project there are two segments hardware and software. The
hardware modeling or design properly finished and described part by part in
chapter4.The hardware implementation and connection of each equipments will be
described part by part in this chapter. Wire is used to connect with various components.

This implemented circuit provides authenticity, cost usefulness and simple redaction. .
Chapter 6 RESULTS ANALYSIS & CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW 6.1. Introduction: The
proposed system is implemented and desired results are obtained in controlling the
remote using neurosky. In this system user can easily turn on and off the electronic
devices by controlling attention level.

We wrote a python code for getting EEG value, the data shown in figure below. This
program is able to read and capture the data from neurosky mindwave headset into
human brain states. After analysis the signal, this program sends out the command
signal to connected Bluetooth dongle on raspberry pi board and the relay module
receiving command to turn on/off the load. In the end, the electrical gadgets like
remote is able to control according to the users desire.

By using putty software, data can easily shown in laptop display and the electrical
gadgets can be easily controlled by human brain. The result shows that the capture EEG
signal does not provide 100% accuracy according to human brain states. However, it can
measure data up to 90% of accuracy. 6.2. Testing the sensor and data analysis: 6.2.1.
Playing Game with Neurosky: Neurosky sensor is used for detected EEG signal.

For testing purpose, we are playing games from neurosky mindwave app store. All the
games can be controlling through the brain. During play speed up math we found that
our average attention value was 40 and minimum attention level was 10. This value
helps us to build up our project. In this below figure() the performance and sensor was
tested. / Fig6.1: palying Game / Fig6.2: playing speed math game 6.2.2.

Ardinuo with remote/bulb controlling result and data analysis: Arduino is used for
controlling remote/bulb and testing the remote/bulb is working or not. We wrote a
code for single channel relay to turn on/off the relay module and set value 5000s. After
5000s relay module turn on/off. Then the remote/bulb holder was connected to relay
NO/NC terminal. The remote/bulb working properly and the output shown below in
figure () / Fig6.3: Ardiuno with Bulb controlling result 6.2.3. Raspberry pi with Bulb
Controlling Result: Neurosky is a EEG based sensor that can process brain raw data.
Here, we wrote a python code to turn on/off the bulb. Neurosky capture raw data and
send it to raspberry pi. Raspberry pi send command to turn on/off light according set
attention value. The output shown in fig () In Fig () the raw data was displayed in laptop
screen . / Fig6.4: Raspberry pi with Bulb Controlling Result 6.2.4.

Raspberry with remote controlling result: After testing all the segment of equipments,
we wrote final code to control remote by using brain sensor. When attention was cross
threshold value, then turns on the relay or else turn off the relay. We set value 0 to 100.
According this value relay module turn on/off( 10 k1 channel turn on, 21-35 turn on k2
channel, 36-50 turn on relay k3, 51-100 turn on relay k4).

The final output result shown below in fig() / Fig6.5: Raspberry with remote controlling
result 6.2.5. Critical part analisis: During implementation we did not get properoutput.
After study and research, we found that our neurosky minwave sensor did not working
properly. It had communication problem to the Bluetooth Hc-05. We took another new
mindwave dongle version brain sensor.

But there was a big problem, our sensor did not support arduino. It could be possible, If
remove dongle cover and connected dongle VCC, Rx, Tx pin to the ardino. But it was
fully manual process. Dongle cannot used in future, if the dongle cover was removed. So
raspberry pi is the suitable choose for our project. 6.3. Summary: The system
performance and result analysis was discussed and elaborate in this chapter.

All the equipments were testing individually part by part to get proper and desire
output. All the critical part and problem elaborated and discussed in details. This the
main proposed system had been designed and served that this interpretation has given
a wide range of performance. The grate challenge was controlling attention because
attention level is not fixed, it continuously increasing or decreasing according to human
constant focus on specific object. Chapter 7 CONCLUSION 7.1.

Conclusion: The main objective of this project is to design a mind control device which
can be immediately controlled by the brain of the user. Brain computer system cuptures
brain signals and according to brain attention level through nerosky mindwave headset
to control the relay module. Nerosky brainwave sensor consists of dry electrode and a
reference ear clip.

So user can easily placed in forehead and check for connection brain status through the
neurosky pre build software. Attention value set between 1 to 100 number values to
control electronic device like remote, bulb, fan, tv. The electronic device like remote can
absolutely be control by user imagination with 100% exactness.

This project also provides a new and permanent solution for physically disabled people.
7.2. Project Finance In this project, the cost of the various components used have been
tabulated: Table 7.1 : Component Costs for the Project Item _Part Description _Quantity
_Cost _ _1 _4 Channel 5V Relay module _2 _220 TK _ _2 _Holder _4 _35 TK _ _3 _Remote
_2 _100 TK _ _4 _Raspberry pi 3 model B _1 _3600 TK _ _5 _Power Adapter _1 _450 TK _ _6
_Memory Card(16GB) _1 _500 Tk _ _7 _Battery(AAA) _5 _20 TK _ _ Item _Part Description
_Quantity _Cost _ _8 _Neurosky Mindwave _1 _15000 TK _ _9 _Ethernet Cable _1 _100 TK
_ _10 _Casing with Cooling fan _1 _450 TK _ _11 _2 Pin Plug _4 _20 TK _ _12 _Wire Set _1
_160 TK _ _ _ _ _Total=21220 _ _ 7.3.

Novelty of Project Paralysis and Physical unable people can easily control device without
physical touch and that will support them to control their movement and control
electrical devices without help of others. Control remote without physical touch. Control
the mouse with help of attention and blink levels. New in Bangladesh perspective. 7.4.
Limitations of the Work: After research we found that this device pretty heavier for
paralysis people.

Because the whole system power up through Adapter. So it is not possible to carry
everywhere. 7.5. Recommendations on Future Developments: EEG based projects are
very complex and critical. So chose right device for implementation. Neurosky data
collection performance is impressive than other costly devices but battery discharge
issue is big problem, because 1 battery run only 30min.

So for long run makes extra backup system, when discharge it will be able to charge
battery without changing new battery. It helps those people are physical unbalanced. In
this project as prototype. Here we use controller as raspberry pi. And IR remote control
we use relay. In future we need to change raspberry pi to any 32bit controller which
support direct USB. And we need to compress into a remote. And make without relay.

Direct send data from controller to IR blaster to controller TV, AC etc. and its take
manual option to control direct to remote. And auto control via mind wave. Neurosky
did not measure blink rate properly so make a algorithm and develop a software that
can detect blink rate properly. 7.5.1. Project Sustainability and Future Scopes[20]:
https://www.slideshare.net/PranavKulkarni4/brain-computer-interface-12102805(BCI)
Wireless implants in brain.
Inject able implants Better interpretation of waves Decode non- motor brain signals
Bran-to- brain communication 7.6. Ethical concerns: The data representation in this
project have been simulated and authoritatively and no assent taken based on
assumption. There was no dispute between the team members during the research ,all
members helped each other to solving problem. All members helped each other to
solving problem.

All the segments divided and project illustration was distributed between members.
They enjoy their work and finished work timely. The research was running consciously to
add unique features and made user favorable. Plagiarism was avoiding as much as
possible and kept topics unique. No fake or illegal attempt has been used during
research and working. 7.7. Conclusion: A physically disabled people cannot move freely.

Especially for this people, Brain Computer Interface (BCI) provides a permanent solution.
Using Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for controlling an electronic device that will
be help the physically disabled people. The human brain wave signal contains the
millions of neuron pattern.

This neuron pattern creates generating a thought motion which combined of different
type of electrical waves. Neurosky headset consists a sensor to detect concentration
level. Which means it can sense the activity of human brain. This signal turned into raw
data packet and transfer to the Raspberry through the Bluetooth medium.

The Raspberry pi evaluate the received signal and controlled the relay circuit of the
device to make ON and OFF automatically And change something. In this project
represents modeling and implementation of BCI based technique to control. So they can
used it easily and no need extra maintenance The is very cheap, so anybody can effort it.

Our project will be beneficial to both the society and the environment, as it provides a
permanent solution to the decreasing the dependency to other.
Reference: [1] Pornob Kumar Charles, Murali Krishna*, Praneeth Kumar GV and Lakshmi
Prasad D,“EEG – Controlled Wheelchair Movement”, Journal of Biosensor &
Bioelectronics, ISSN: 2155-6210, vol. 9. No.1, p. 252, Mar 27, 2018, Available ID:
10.4172/2155-6210.1000252, Available: https://www.omicsonline.org. [2]Mubashir H
Massod.

Masood Ahmed, M.Ali Kathia, Rizwan Zafar, Anam Zahid ,“SemanticScholar,”2016.

[online].Available:http://www.senanticscholar.com.[Accessed 12 Nov 2019]. [3]
B.Mastroianni,“engadget,” [online]. Available: http://www.engadget.com.[Accessed 12
Nov 2019]. [4] Rafael Barea Navarro, Elena LopezGuillen“Sciencedirect,”2018. [online].
Available:http://www.sciencedirect.com.[Accessed 12 Nov 2019]. [5] Microcontroller:
“wikipedia,” [online]. Available: http://www.wikipedia.org.[Accessed 12 Nov 2019]. [6]
Arduino Uno: “Arduino store,” [online].

Available: http://store.arduino.cc.[Accessed 12 Nov 2019]. [7] Tulsap, Brain Controlled

Light Bulb: “instructables,”Dec 4, 2016. [online]. Available: http://www.instructables.com.
[Accessed 12 Nov 2019]. [8] Sneha Pishpa S, Chandrashekar N S, “EEG bassed Brain-
Computer Interface for Controlling Home Appliances”, I J I R S E T, ISSN: 2319-8753, vol.
5, Issue 6, Jun 2016. [9] Interfacing Mindwave Mobile with Arduino:”Pantech Solutions,”
2019. [online]. Available: http://www.pantechsolutions.com.[Accessed 12 Nov 2019]. [10]
_"realpars," [Online]. Available: .[ https://realpars.com/ethernet/] . [Accessed 15 4 2020].
_ _[11] _"psiiibrainsensoryandprosthetic.weebly," [Online]. Available:
https://psiiibrainsensoryandprosthetic.weebly.com/eeg-signals.html. [Accessed 15 4
2020]. _ _[12] _"h2kinfosys," [Online]. Available: https://www.h2kinfosys.com/.

[Accessed 25 4 2020]. _ _[13] _"fritzing," [Online]. Available: https://fritzing.org/home/.

[Accessed 25 4 2020]. _ _[14] _"researchgate," [Online]. Available:
www.researchgate.net/publication/272353031_SWOT_Analysis. [Accessed 16 3 2020]. _
_[15] _"Circuitglobe," [Online]. Available: https://circuitglobe.com/relay.html. [Accessed
15 4 2020]. _ _[16] _"fierceelectronics," [Online]. Available:
https://www.fierceelectronics.com/sensors/what-ir-sensor. [Accessed 15 4 2020]. _ _[17]
_"raspberrypi," [Online]. Available: https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-3-
model-b/.

[Accessed 15 4 2020]. [18] "raspberrypi," [Online].

https://www.raspberrypi.org/help/what-%20is-a-raspberry-pi/. [Accessed 15 4 2020]. _ _
 Overture In this section, give a general introduction of the work. Significance of the
Project / Research Work Start writing here… Related Research Works Start writing here…
Engineering Problem Statement: Start writing here… Objective of this Work Start writing
here… Primary objectives Give the main objectives in bullet points Secondary Objectives
Give the secondary objectives in bullet points Comparison with Traditional Method Any
advantages and disadvantages should be discussed.

Innovation / Scope of the Project: In this section mention the innovation or scope of the
project where the research work attempts to exceed or overcome the limitations of the
traditional method. Impact of Project on Society How does your project or its output
affect the society (local/global)? Justify your deliverables with the aid of survey data
(minimum 50 samples). A graphical representation of the survey findings with
appropriate discussion must be included. All questionnaire may be attached in the
appendix.

This portion is optional or applicable to relevant project work which may have enough
impact on society. Organization of Book Chapters Chapter-2: Literature Review with in-
depth investigation Chapter-3: Methodology and Modeling Chapter-4: Implementation
of Project Chapter-5: Results Analysis & Critical Design Review Chapter-6: Conclusion
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW WITH IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATION Introduction Start
writing here … Historical Background Start writing here … Subheading Start writing here
… Subheading Start writing here … Earlier Research Start writing here… Related
Research/Published Works: In this portion requirement of P.02.4.C5 i.e.

“Research literature and Critically evaluated the validity and accuracy of existing solution
methods using specialized engineering knowledge” must be addressed with adequate
research literature references. Critical Engineering Specialist Knowledge: In this part,
requirement of Knowledge Profile (KP4) needed to be addressed. Specifically the
Engineering specialist knowledge that provides theoretical frameworks to resolve the
project objectives.

State of the art technology Start writing here… Summary Start writing here …
Chapter 3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT Introduction Start writing here … S.W.O.T. Analysis
of the Project This part is mandatory for CO6 - P.11.1.P4 requirements. Schedule
Management This part is mandatory for CO6 – P.11.1.P4 requirements. Implemented
business tools to take the management decisions to solve the complex problem should
be discussed in this portion.

Cost Analysis This part is mandatory for CO6 – P.11.1.P4 and CO8 – P.11.3.A5
requirements. P.E.S.T. Analysis This part is mandatory for CO6 – P.11.1.P4 and CO8 –
P.11.3.A5 requirements. Associated economic theories and the economic decisions to
solve the complex problem should be discussed in this portion. Individual
Accountabilities This part is mandatory for CO7 – P.11.2.P4 requirements.

Leadership Skills, Working with Others, Interpersonal Skill and Individual Accountabilities
as project/member must be mentioned by each student members. Multidisciplinary
Components Management This part is mandatory for CO7 – P.11.2.P4 requirements.
Leadership Skills, Working with Others, Interpersonal Skill and Management of
Multidisciplinary Components must be addressed.

Project Lifecycle This part is mandatory for CO8 – P.11.3.A5 requirements. An overall
project management and life cycle and its limitations needed to be addressed.
 Chapter 4 METHODOLOGY AND MODELING Introduction Start writing here … Headings
Start writing here … Subheading Start writing here … Subheading Start writing here …
Summary Start writing here …
 Chapter 4 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Introduction Start writing here … Headings Start
writing here … Subheading Start writing here … Subheading Start writing here …
Summary Start writing here …
Chapter 5 RESULTS ANALYSIS & CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW Introduction Start writing
here … Headings Start writing here … Subheading Start writing here … Subheading Start
writing here … Summary Start writing here …
Chapter 6 CONCLUSION Summary of Findings Give your findings and results in brief.
Project Finance Table of components cost in BDT is mandatory. Also can include
development cost in a separate table.

Novelty of the work How is this work unique? Describe with references. Mention which
parameters were considered in the comparison, and validate based on numerical results.
Summarize what changes you made in the design or show what changes were made in
the process/application.

Final Impact of This Project Start writing here… Survey on Environmental Impact How
does your project or its output affect the environment (local/global)? Justify your
deliverables with the aid of survey data (minimum 50 samples). A graphical
representation of the survey findings must be included. All questionnaire may be
attached in the appendix.

Project Sustainability and Future Scopes Start writing here… Recommendations on

Future Developments Start writing here… Limitations of the Work Start writing here…
Ethical concerns Minimum two possible ethical concerns addressed while designing and
implementing project. Mention which regulations and standards have been followed in
the project. Conclusion Start writing here …
REFERENCES (2013) AIUB website. [Online].

Available: http://www.aiub.edu/ S. M. Metev and V. P. Veiko, Laser Assisted

Microtechnology, 2nd ed., R. M. Osgood, Jr., Ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1998.
J. Breckling, Ed., The Analysis of Directional Time Series: Applications to Wind Speed and
Direction, ser. Lecture Notes in Statistics. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 1989, vol. 61. S.
Zhang, C. Zhu, J. K. O. Sin, and P. K. T.

Mok, “A novel ultrathin elevated channel low-temperature poly-Si TFT,” IEEE Electron
Device Lett., vol. 20, pp. 569–571, Nov. 1999. M. Wegmuller, J. P. von der Weid, P.
Oberson, and N. Gisin, “High resolution fiber distributed measurements with coherent
OFDR,” in Proc. ECOC’00, 2000, paper 11.3.4, p. 109. R. E. Sorace, V. S. Reinhardt, and S.
A. Vaughn, “High-speed digital-to-RF converter,” U.S. Patent 5 668 842, Sept. 16, 1997.
(2002) The IEEE website. [Online].

[Cited: December 1, 2008.] Available: http://www.ieee.org/ M. Shell. (2002) IEEEtran

homepage on CTAN. [Online]. [Cited: December 1, 2008.] Available:
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/IEEEtran/ FLEXChip
Signal Processor (MC68175/D), Motorola, 1996. “PDCA12-70 data sheet,” Opto Speed
SA, Mezzovico, Switzerland. A. Karnik, “Performance of TCP congestion control with rate
feedback: TCP/ABR and rate adaptive TCP/IP,” M. Eng.

thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, Jan. 1999. J. Padhye, V. Firoiu, and D.
Towsley, “A stochastic model of TCP Reno congestion avoidance and control,” Univ. of
Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, CMPSCI Tech. Rep. 99-02, 1999. Wireless LAN Medium
Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification, IEEE Std. 802.11, 1997. F.
Yaman, Q. Lin, and Govind P.

Agrawal, “Fiber-Optic Parametric Amplifiers for Lightwave Systems”, [Online] May 21,
2005. [Cited: December 1, 2008.]
www.optics.rochester.edu/workgroups/agrawal/publications/papers/paper_2005_05.pdf.
www.wikipedia.org cannot be used as a reference
Appendix A Survey Questionnaire
Appendix B iThenticate Plagiarism Report
Appendix C Datasheet of the ICs used
 Appendix Z DETAILED DIRECTIONS ON FORMATTING Introduction In this section, how
the students can use the template is explained. Follow the specific sections for any
specific query.

This template is made keeping in mind the needs of students in AIUB. The template will
help you a lot of formatting work. If you follow the steps, your thesis will have some less
reason to get rejected. From Declaration to Abstract For these sections, the work is
simple and straightforward. Modify the contents there e.g. select Fall/spring/summer
from the drop/down menu list, fill up different information etc.

Entering the Text To enter your own text, just replace your text in template. For example,
suppose the title of your second chapter is ‘Solar Cell’. Then you will have to just replace
“How to use this template” (see above) with “Solar Cell”. Do not change the font name
or size there. Similarly, in the introduction section and other sections, replace your text.
Beginning a sentence by the words ‘but’ and ‘and’ should be avoided.

Passive voice should be used as far as possible. Using Bold, Italic or Underline and use of
Bullets You can use BOLD or italic text in your writing for giving emphasis. But using
them very frequently or without much thinking will make your report visually
unpleasant. Use them only for giving some selected point more importance. Text
Justification Always justify your passages so that the lines are uniformly spread along
the margin.

To justify select the passage and press Ctrl + J (or, alternatively go to Microsoft word
Ribbon: Home ( Paragraph Section ( Justify (4th option)). Spacing Option Use 1.5 of line
spacing [go to Microsoft word Ribbon: Home ( Paragraph Section (spacing (just right to
the justify option)] How to use Numbering As you can see, give your sections number
like 1.2., 1.3., 1.3.1.etc. This will also help the table of content as you will see later.

To create numbering, go to Home ( Paragraph Section ( Numbering. You will also see
that writing (writing 1.2.+ press space) will automatically create aligned number after
1.1. You can also use “change list level” and “set numbering value” in numbering menu
(Right click) to change the numbering style and starting number.

Using Color You can use color to give emphasis. But try to use eye soothing colors and
again do not overuse.
 A general rule for formatting text is presented here. Use this table as your guideline.
Table 8.1 A summary of rules for text editing presented with example Text Type
_Example From this chapter _Font Name _Font Size _Font Align-ment _Emphasis
_Custom Style _ _Chapter number _Chapter 2 _Times Now Roman _14 _Middle (Ctrl + E)
_BOLD _AIUB_1 _ _Chapter name _HOW TO USE THIS TEMPLATE _Times Now Roman _16
_Middle (Ctrl + E) _BOLD _AIUB_2 _ _Subheading Level 1 _Introduction (2.2), Entering the
Text (2.3) _Times Now Roman _14 _Left (Ctrl + L) _BOLD _AIUB_3 _ _Subheading Level 2
_Text Justification (2.3.2) _Times Now Roman _12 _Left (Ctrl + L) _BOLD _AIUB_4 _
_Subheading Level 3 _Update the Table (2.4.1.2) _Times Now Roman _12 _Left (Ctrl + L)
_Bold/italic /Underline _AIUB_5 _ _Normal Text _ _Times Now Roman _12 _Justify (Ctrl +
J) _NORMAL _AIUB_T _ _*Do not go beyond subheading level 3. The custom style (look
last column of the table) is very important. You can found them is MS WORD ribbon
( Home ( Style. Select appropriate style.

If you are just replacing your text in this template, you will automatically use them. The
custom style is important because it is used to automatically generate the table of
content. (See next section 8.4: Table of contents) Table of Contents You can manually
edit the table of content. But a more efficient way is used here.

The table of content will be updated automatically when you change anything. How to
Update Table of content Automatically Mark your text according to Table 8.1 Suppose, I
have created a chapter named “How to use this template”. After writing this, I have to
select the text (“How to use this template”) and go to Home ( Styles ( select AIUB_2
(table 8.1 says so).

If I am writing the caption 8.4.1 named “How to Update Table of content automatically”
(This is in subheading level 4), I have to select the lines (“How to Update Table of
content automatically”) and select the styles named “AIUB_4” (see table 8.1). If I am
writing any normal text (inside any subsection), like this line, according to table 8.1, I
have to select this passage and select style “AIUB_T” (T for text). Update the Table Just
right click the “Table of content” and select “Update field”.

Only make sure, you have used specific style (see last column of the table) because
‘Table of content’ uses the style to pick up the titles. If the page number or any of the
titles changes, update the table and the correction will be automatic. You will see the
content will be updated according to new page number automatically.

If you see any problem in table of content, just ctrl + click on the page number (from
the right side of the table of contents). This will take you to the page. Find there what
you have mistaken. How to update Table of Contents manually This is quite
straightforward. Edit as you like. Keep track of the page number by yourself. And, if you
change any page, correct all the pages by typing again.

List of Figures Using list of figure is same as table of contents, only difference: Select the
title of the figure and select style “AIUB_F” (F stands for figure). Then right click “list of
figures” and select “update field”. The figure list will be updated according to new page
number automatically. Use of Table Always give table no according to chapter (see
Table 8.1 – indicating that it is table from chapter 8 & 1st table).

Also give a good caption that explains the purpose of the table. Mention the table name
in the text (e.g. the result of our work is presented in Table 10.1 or something like that,
etc). “Auto fit” the table to windows – Select the whole table Go to : layout
(Autofit(Autofit to Windows Use of Figures Do not use directly copied figure from other
publications.

If you have to use some copyright contents, then give reference of that source like fig.1
is taken from [1] (means this figure has been taken from reference 1). / Figure 8.1 Logo
of AIUB [1] Always give a figure name, figure caption explaining what the figure implies
and mention your figure in your writings. Align the figure and its caption in the middle,
e.g. see the above figure 8.1. It is wise to keep the aspect ratio of figure fixed; do not
distort it.

Do not use blurred images (see figure 8.2). Figure 8.2 Example of an image with
acceptable resolution (left one) and unacceptable resolution (right one). Please check all
figures in your paper both on screen and on a black-and-white hardcopy. When you
check your paper on a black-and-white hardcopy, please ensure that: The colors used in
each figure contrast well, The image used in each figure is clear, All text labels in each
figure are legible.

Keep the images properly sized and at the middle of the margin (Do not cross margin
and do not give extra-large or extra-small images) In case of presenting graph, you can
use color. But, use color that can contrast well even in black & white print. Use symbols
in your graph, label them properly with units (see figure 8.3). / Figure 8.3 An example of
graph that uses color which can be easily distinguished even in black and white print;
the graphs are properly labeled also.
To draw the curves, it is highly recommended to use professional software “ORIGIN 8.5”.
But you can also use MATLAB. Microsoft Excel can also be used, but this is not
professional. Writing Equations Use MS word equation writer (Insert ( Equation) to write
the equations, e.g. ?? ?????? = 1 ?? 0 ?? ?? ??????(?? ???? (8.1) Also use equation number
according to the chapter, e.g. equation (8.1) is the 1st equation from chapter 8.
 Using Symbols (Go to the menu Ribbon) Insert ( Symbol to create symbols ((, (, (, ( etc).
Appendices In the appendix section, give those parts of your thesis which are not
essential to understand the main idea or findings of the thesis. But if the reader wants
the details or more explanation, then the appendix will help them.

Give the code you used in simulation or in project, the data sheets (only important parts,
not full sheet), and necessary diagrams for details understanding in the appendix. For
example, if you have worked on mathematical modeling, do not give the details
derivation in your results chapter because it will hamper the flow of reading and obscure
the findings. Rather, present the main equations and results there and give the detail
derivation in the appendix.

References It will contain list of references: books, journal / periodical papers, URL sites).
The heading of the References section must not be numbered. All reference items must
be in 12 point font. Please use Regular and Italic styles to distinguish different fields as
shown in the References section. Number the reference items consecutively in square
brackets (e.g. [1]). When referring to a reference item, please simply use the reference
number, as in [2].

Do not use “Ref. [3]” or “Reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence, e.g.
“Reference [3] shows …”. Multiple references are each numbered with separate brackets
(e.g. [2], [3], [4]–[6]). Examples of reference items of different categories shown in the
References section include: example of websites [1] example of a book in [2] example of
a book in a series in [3] example of a journal article in [4] example of a conference paper
in [5] example of a patent in [6] example of a website in [7] example of a web page in [8]
example of a data book as a manual in [9] example of a datasheet in [10] example of a
master’s thesis in [11] example of a technical report in [12] example of a standard in [13]
For example, if you are using any book as reference, see [2] in ‘reference section’ of this
template to know how to cite the book.

A more effective way is to use professional software named ‘ENDNOTE’ that can
automatically update the references as you change anything. If you get time, better use
that software. Error Correction Use Microsoft word spelling checker for possible error. If
you get enough time and want to be perfect, I can tell you a more effective way to
check spelling: Get a hard copy of your thesis and read from backwards of the line. This
will lose your focus on content and increase attention on the spelling.

Summary This section works as a thesis guide by demonstrating how to use this
template in details. This section also focuses on general techniques regarding ‘how a
dissertation should be written’.

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