P1

wages per hour 60

Hrs Worked Conveyance Benefits Total Sal

234 500 300 14840
46 1000 500 4260
576 750 400 35710
23 350 200 1930
45 450 400 3550

Hrs worked*wages per hour+conveyance+benefits

P2

Product Jan % Contri Feb % Contri March % Contri Total % Contri

Tobacco 1,856.00 1,997.00 1,873.00 5,726.00
Fast Food 1,867.00 2,025.00 1,788.00 5,680.00
Cold Drinks 1,831.00 1,824.00 1,733.00 5,388.00
Biscuits 1,654.00 1,995.00 1,797.00 5,446.00
Total 7,208.00 0.00 7,841.00 - 7,191.00 - 22,240.00 -
 IMP: Formulas in Excel always start with = (is equal to) sign
Formula by selecting different Cells

C6 + C8 ------ For Addition of two different Cells

Explaination

B8 * B9 ------ For Multiplication of two different Cells

B9 / B10 ------ For Division of two different Cells
E10 - G10 ------ For Subtraction of two different Cells

Different ways of Adding numbers

1. by using '+' sign D18+E18+F18

2. By using 'Sum' for different Cells SUM(D19,E19,F19)
3. By using 'Sum' for a range SUM(D20:F20)

=B23+B
Example
15 120
25 120 =SUM

35 120
45 =SUM

Note: Other than Addition (+) no other Operator co

calculations on a range of Data
 Result for Addition
E6 + E7 i.e. (45 + 15)

Result for Multiplication

Formula Usage E6 * E7 i.e. (45 / 15)

45 60
15 675
Result for Division
48 3.2 E8 / E7 i.e. (48 / 15)

68 20

Result for Subtraction

E9 - E8 i.e. (68 - 48)

=B23+B24+B25+B26

=SUM(B23,B24,B25,B26)

=SUM(B23:B26)

r Operator could be used for performing

 Range of Cells Gives the total of the selected range / cells
153 B2 : B25 Sum
80 =SUM(B2:B25)
318 12601
220
528 803.767 Gives the average of the selected range / c
915
915 Average
150 =AVERAGE(B2:B25)

483 548
814
535 Returns the Highest number of the selected range
941
936 Maximum =MAX(B2:B25)
751
666 941
602
Returns the Lowest number of the selected rang
612
820
673 Minimum
=MIN(B2:B25)
515
9 9
804
161
Returns the Number of Non-Blank Cells of the

Count

=COUNT(B2:B25)
23
al of the selected range / cells

average of the selected range / cells

GE(B2:B25)

est number of the selected range / cells

west number of the selected range / cells

Number of Non-Blank Cells of the selected range / cells

 896 320 404
908 439 896
843 621 355
776 261 435
258 125 999
395 608 930
45 865 209
783 760 408
21 895 234
58 147 197
665 411 129
314 550 607
762 917 885
560 548 539
919 120 631
255 563 679
867 330 159
120 485 850
256 469 729
507 143 351

Sum: 30,411 [1] In cell G22, using the data in cells

Smallest: 21 [1] In cell G23, using the data in cells
Largest: 999 [1] In cell G24, using the data in cells
Average: 507 [1] In cell G25, using the data in cells
 
ell G22, using the data in cells F1:H20, determine the sum.
ell G23, using the data in cells F1:H20, determine the smallest value.
ell G24, using the data in cells F1:H20, determine the largest value.
ell G25, using the data in cells F1:H20, determine the average value.
In Excel, Cell reference identifies the location a cell or group of cells in the spreadshe
a cell reference consists of the column letter and row number that intersect at the cell's loc
the column letter is always listed first.

Serial No Method What is referenced?

Cell referencing
1 A1 Cell
2 A$1$ Cell

3 A$1 Cell

4 $A1 Cell

Range referencing
5 A1:B3 Range
6 5:5 Range
7 B:B Range
8 5:7 Range
9 B:E Range
10 $A$1:$B$3 Range

11 $B:$B Range

Relative Reference =C28 Freezed Cell =$C$28

Relative Reference Cell referred Absolute reference

15 15 15
16 16 15
17 17 15
18 18 15
19 19 15
20 20 15
21 21 15
22 22 15
ell or group of cells in the spreadsheet. Sometimes referred to as a cell address,
number that intersect at the cell's location. Note that when listing a cell reference,

Type Usage

Relative A is column identifier, 1 is row identifier

Absolute The cell A1. Cut-pasting formula to another location
will not change the reference.
Mixed The $ makes the column reference absolute, leaving
the row reference relative
Mixed The $ makes the Row reference absolute, leaving the
Column reference relative

Relative This references 6 cells (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3)
Relative All cells in row 5
Relative All cells in column B
Relative All cells in rows from 5 to 7
Relative All cells in columns from B to E
Absolute This is Absolute references of 6 cells (A1, A2, A3, B1,
B2, B3)
Absolute Absolute Reference of all cells in column B

Freezed Cell =$C$28 Freezed Column =$C28

Freezed Row =C$28

Mixed Reference Mixed Reference

15 15
15 16
15 17
15 18
15 19
15 20
15 21
15 22
Freezed Column =$C28
Product Quantity Price Amount 1 Cell references in Excel are
bread 2 1.5 2 By default, Excel uses rela
butter 1 1.2 3 each cell references its two
cheese 3 2 4 When a formula that uses
ham 3 1.8 relative references is copie
in the pasted formula upda
relative to the position of th
ferences in Excel are very important.
ault, Excel uses relative reference. 
ell references its two neighbors on the left.
a formula that uses
e references is copied into another cell, the references
pasted formula update and refer to different cells
e to the position of the formula.
Length (cm) Width (cm) Length (inch) Width (inch) Conversion rate
1 10 0.3937008
5 10
4 8
2 10

Name Grade Totals Percentage

Max Score 100
Tina 82
Sue 65
Chin 64
Hien 96
Dennis 87
Isaac 75
Sho 95
If a user does not want references to change when he/ s h e c o p i e s
a f o r m u l a t o a different cell, then absolute reference c a n b e u s e
d.
A b s o l u t e references are cell references that always refer to cells in
a specific location.

Sometimes, it is necessary to keep a certain position that is not

relative to the new cell location. This is possible by inserting a $ before
the column letter or a $ before the row number or both. This is called
absolute positioning or absolute referencing.
 Exchange Rate

USD - EUR USD - GBP USD - RUB

0.93 0.66 64.74

Item Price, USD Price, EUR Price, GBP Price, RUB

Apples
Avocados
Bananas
Grapes
Lemons
Pears
Watermelons
Sometimes we need a combination
of relative and absolute reference
(mixed reference).
 PRODUCT MUMBAI CHENNAI DELHI BANGALORE
COMPUTER 2200 6160 8690 34000
PRINTER 35000 8679 5016 8679
SCANNER 5720 6182 8745 2592
MOUSE 234 5269 9845 2592
KEYBOARD 12000 6182 12000 340

Total 55154 32472 44296 48202

Average 11031 6494 8859 9640
Min 234 5269 5016 340
Max 35000 8679 12000 34000
Nth Largest 12000 6182 9845 8679
Nth Smallest 2200 6160 8690 2591.6
~
 Multiplication Table

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

12
10