D-Beam

COMPOSITE STEEL AND PRECAST SYSTEM

A revolutionary steel-based
framing system that offers
low floor-to-floor height and
unobstructed ceilings.

eveloped by Girder-Slab Technologies LLC,

D
with Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Floor-Ceiling
the Girder-SlabTM System is a steel and pre- Design K912.
cast hybrid, the first to use precast slabs The Girder-Slab System in combination with a
with an integral steel girder to form a monolithic structural steel frame offers a complete steel and
structural slab assembly. concrete superstructure. Unlike cast-in-place
This innovative new technology uses proven concrete structures, the Girder-Slab System is
materials long available within the construction Assembled-In-Place.
industry. The Girder-Slab System is slated for use The Girder-Slab System consists of an interior
in mid to high-rise residential construction. girder (known as an open-web dissymmetric beam
The lightweight assembly develops composite or D-BeamTM), min. 8” thick precast prestressed
action enabling it to support residential live loads. hollow-core slabs, and cementitious grout. Precast
A special steel beam similar to a bulb tee slabs typically span as much as 28’-0”.
section is used as an interior girder supporting the Applications include floor and roof slabs, which
precast slab on its bottom flange. The web and are supported by a steel frame that resists all
top flange are concealed within the plane of the gravity and lateral loads. WF beams are typically
slab. The flat structural slab permits minimum used at spandrel, shaft and other conditions.
floor-to-floor heights. Grouting is easily achieved after slabs are set
The Girder-Slab System is rated for use in in place. Grout flows through the web openings
high-rise buildings when constructed in accordance and into the slab cores and after curing develops
composite action.

GROUT

COLUMN
TM
D-BEAM
GIRDER

PRECAST SLAB
The Girder-Slab System and the open web D-Beam As a result of extensive testing it was determined
technology are the result of more than ten years that the transformed section is equivalent to the
of research and development. In order to develop steel section illustrated below.
a rational analysis that would maximize the use of
this technology, extensive laboratory testing and
analysis was undertaken.
This included both small-scale specimens and
full-scale assemblies in order to simulate actual
bays. An array of assemblies were constructed uti-
lizing a D-Beam Girder spanning 16’-0” carrying
precast slabs spanning 28’-0” on each side result-
ing in a 16’-0” x 56’-0” bay. Each assembly was
load tested in excess of 100 psf, well above
required residential design loads. The D-Beam
Girder performed without failure.
There are two basic D-Beam Girder sections
available for use with 8” precast slabs. The DB-8
is used for typical assemblies while the DB-9 is
used for 2” concrete topped assemblies.

Refer to the D-Beam Girder Properties table on the following pages along with Girder-Slab System example
calculations. Following is a specification guide along with typical structural and architectural details.

3
D-BEAMTM DIMENSIONS Table

Web Included Depth Web Parent Beam

Designation Thickness Size a b Top Bar

d
Weight AVG AREA tw wxt

lb./ft. In. 2 In. In. In. In. In. x In.

DB 8 x 35 34.7 10.2 8 .340 W10 x 49 4 3 3x1
DB 8 x 37 36.7 10.8 8 .345 W12 x 53 2 5 3x1
DB 8 x 40 39.8 11.7 8 .340 W10 x 49 3 3.5 3 x 1.5
DB 8 x 42 41.8 12.3 8 .345 W12 x 53 1 5.5 3 x 1.5
DB 9 x 41 40.7 11.9 9.645 .375 W14 x 61 3.375 5.25 3x1
DB 9 x 46 45.8 13.4 9.645 .375 W14 x 61 2.375 5.75 3 x 1.5

Live load reduction is not incorporated in these examples due to

sample system calculations code differences. The Design Engineer should incorporate the
appropriate live load reduction for the most economical design.
Design Example - Untopped
❑ Plank DL = 60 psf, partition load = 20 psf, live load = 40 psf ❑ DB 8 x 37 Properties:
❑ Plank f’c = 5 ksi, Grout f’c = 4 ksi Steel Section Transformed Section
❑ 8” Hollow Core Plank Span = 28 ft Is = 103 in4 It = 282 in4
❑ DB Span = 15’-0 St =19.7 in3 St = 63.8 in3
Sb = 37.3 in 3
Sb = 67.7 in3
Allowable ∆LL = L/360 = (15 ft)(12 in/ft)/360 = 0.50 in Mscap = 49.0kft b = 5 in
tw = 0.345 in
Initial Load - Precomposite
MDL = (28 ft) (.06 ksf) (15 ft)2/8 = 47.3 kft < 49 kft OK
(5) (28 ft) (.06 ksf ) (15 ft)4 (1728 in3 /ft3)
∆DL = = 0.64 in.
(384) (103 in4 ) (29,000 k/in2)

Total Load - Composite

The transformed section carries the superimposed loads and is used to calculate deflection.
MSUP = (28 ft) (.02 + .04 ksf) (15ft)2/8 = 47.3kft
MTL = 47.3 kft + 47.3 kft = 94.6 kft
SREQ = (94.6 kft ) (12 in/ft) / (0.60) (50 k/in2) = 37.8 in3 < 63.8 in3 OK
(5) (28 ft) (.02 + .04 ksf) (15 ft)4 (1728 in3/ft3)
∆SUP = = 0.23 in < 0.50 in OK
(384) (282 in4) (29,000 k/in2)

Check Superimposed Compressive Stress on Concrete

Transformed steel section must be converted to concrete section.
E steel 29,000 ksi 29,000 ksi .
N value = = = = 8.04 . . Stc =8.04 (63.8 in3) = 513 in3
E concrete 57,000 (4,000 psi)1/2 3,605 ksi
fc = (47.3 kft ) (12 in/ft) / (513 in3) = 1.11 ksi Fc = (0.45) (4 ksi) = 1.80 ksi > 1.11 ksi OK

Check Bottom Flange Tension Stress (Total Load)

(47.3 kft) (12 in/ft) (47.3 kft) (12 in/ft)
fb = + = 15.2 ksi + 8.4 ksi = 23.6 ksi
37.3 in 3
67.7 in3
Fb = 0.9 (50 ksi) = 45 ksi > 23.6 ksi OK

Check Shear
Total load = (60+20+40 psf)) = 120 psf fv = (25.2k)/(0.345 in)(5 in) = 14.6 ksi
w = (0.12 ksf) (28 ft) = 3.36 k/ft Fv = 0.4 (50 ksi) = 20 ksi > 14.6 ksi OK
R = (3.36 k/ft) (15 ft) /2 = 25.2 k

4
 D-BEAMTM Properties Table
Steel Only Transformed Section
Web Ignored Web Ignored
Allowable
Designation Ix C bot C top S bot S top Moment Ix C bot C top S bot S top
Fy=50 KSI
f b = 0.6Fy
In. 4 In. In. In. 3 In. 3 kft In. 4 In. In. In. 3 In. 3
DB 8 x 35 102 2.80 5.20 36.5 19.7 49 279 4.16 4.40 67.1 63.5
DB 8 x 37 103 2.76 5.24 37.3 19.7 49 282 4.16 4.42 67.7 63.8
DB 8 x 40 122 3.39 4.61 36.1 26.5 66 289 4.26 4.30 67.9 67.2
DB 8 x 42 123 3.35 4.65 36.9 26.5 66 291 4.26 4.32 68.4 67.5
DB 9 x 41 159 3.12 6.51 51.0 24.4 61 332 4.27 5.35 77.7 62.1
DB 9 x 46 195 3.84 5.79 50.8 33.7 84 356 4.43 5.20 80.6 68.6

Design Example - 2” Concrete Topping

❑ Plank DL = 60 psf, partition load = 20 psf, live load = 40 psf ❑ DB 9 x 41 Properties:
❑ Topping = 25 psf, installed after grout has cured Steel Section Transformed Section
❑ Plank f’c = 5 ksi, Grout f’c = 4 ksi Is = 159 in4 It = 332 in4
❑ 8” Hollow Core Plank Span = 28 ft St = 24.4 in3 St = 62.1 in3
❑ DB span = 15’-0 Sb = 51.0 Sb = 77.7 in3
Mscap = 61.0 kft b = 5.25 in
Allowable ∆LL = L/360 = (15 ft)(12 in/ft)/360 = 0.50 in tw = 0.375 in

Initial Load - Precomposite

MDL = (28 ft) (.06 ksf) (15 ft)2/8 = 47.3 kft < 61 kft OK
(5) (28 ft) (.06 ksf) (15 ft)4 (1728 in3/ft3 )
∆ DL = = 0.42 in
(384) (159 in4) (29,000 k/in2)

Total Load - Composite

The transformed section carries the superimposed loads and is used to calculate deflection.
MSUP = (28 ft) (.02 + .04 + 0.025 ksf) (15 ft)2/8 = 66.9 kft
MTL = 47.3 kft + 66.9 kft = 114.2 kft
SREQ = (114.2 kft) (12 in/ft) / (0.60) (50 k/in2) = 45.7 in3 < 62.1 in3 OK
(5) (28 ft) (.02 + .04 + 0.025 ksf) (15 ft) (1728 in /ft )
4 3 3
∆SUP = = 0.28 in < 0.50 in OK
(384) (332 in4) (29,000 k/in2)

Check Compressive Stress on Concrete

Transformed steel section must be converted to concrete section.
E steel 29,000 ksi 29,000 ksi .
N value = = = = 8.04 . . Stc = 8.04 (62.1 in3) = 499 in3
E concrete 57,000 (4,000 psi)1/2
3,605 ksi

fc = (66.9 kft ) (12 in/ft) / (499 in3) = 1.61 ksi Fc= (0.45) (4 ksi) = 1.80 ksi > 1.61 ksi OK

Check Bottom Flange Tension Stress (Total Load)

(47.3 kft) (12 in/ft) (66.9 kft) (12 in/ft)
fb = + = 11.1 ksi + 10.3 ksi = 21.4 ksi
51.0 in3 77.7 in3
Fb = 0.9 (50 ksi) = 45 ksi > 21.4 ksi OK

Check Shear
Total load = (60 + 20 + 40 + 25 psf) = 145 psf fv = (30.50k)/(0.375 in)(5.25 in) = 15.5 ksi
w = (0.145 ksf) (28 ft) = 4.06 k/ft Fv = 0.4 (50 ksi) = 20 ksi > 15.5 ksi OK
R = (4.06 k/ft) (15 ft)/2 = 30.5 k

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GIRDER-SLABTM SYSTEM
SPECIFICATION GUIDE

1. The open web Dissymmetric Beam shall be fabricated from The Girder-SlabTM System Design-Guide and
(Grade 50) standard steel wide flange sections with flat bar at top-
flange and shall meet AISC standards (except for depth, tolerance the patented technology is available for use by
±1/8”), unpainted unless specified.
industry professionals. Application and use of
2. When shoring of the pre-composite assembly is needed, leave this information requires design by a regis-
in place until grout attains required strength.
tered professional engineer or architect.
3. Precast prestressed concrete hollow core slab units (min. 5000
PSI) shall be in 4 or 8 foot widths and shall meet PCI standards The Girder-Slab System and D-Beam
and tolerances, 2” min. bearing unless specified otherwise. Open
Girder are available competitively from your
the top of each slab core for proper grout placement and inspection.
preferred steel contractors.
4. Reinforcing steel (ASTM A615 Grade 60) shall be placed
through the Dissymmetric Beam web openings and into slab cores. Fabrication, construction and assembly
5. Cementitious grout (min. 4,000 PSI) shall be placed monolithi-
shall be in strict conformance with the Design-
cally around and through the Dissymmetric Beam web openings Guide specifications & details, and distribution
and into slab cores filled solid for a minimum of 8”, level to the slab
surface with 9/16” min. average thickness over the top-flange requirements of Girder-Slab Technologies LLC
(exceptions may apply if using concrete topping). When concrete
topping is used, attain specified strength of grout prior to placement. of New Jersey.

6. The Girder-Slab System shall be constructed in accordance with

Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Floor-Ceiling Assembly Design No.
K912 in order to meet fire classification standards and ratings set
forth by BOCA and ICC codes.
FIRE RESISTANCE INFORMATION
7. The Girder-Slab System and D-Beam Girders shall be distrib-
uted and assembled by steel contractors authorized by Girder-Slab Fire Resistance Ratings – ANSI/UL 263
Technologies LLC of NJ in strict conformance with its Design- Design No. K912
Guide & Distribution requirements. Steel Contractor/ Distributor
contact information: 1-888-478-1100 or www.girder-slab.com.
April 19, 2001

8. The Distributor of the Girder-Slab System shall provide to the Restrained Assembly Ratings –3 Hr
Project Owner (or its representative) a Girder-Slab Compliance
Unrestrained Assembly Ratings –2 Hr
Certificate for each project upon completion of system assembly
and construction. Unrestrained Beam Ratings –2 Hr

9. Comply with all applicable provisions of the following standards Includes gypsum board
and codes:
■ Girder-Slab Technologies LLC Design-Guide
and spray-applied methods. UL
®

■ American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

■ American Welding Society (AWS)
■ Precast Concrete Institute (PCI)
■ American Concrete Institute (ACI)
■ American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
■ Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) – Fire Resistance Directory
■ Building Officials and Code Administrators International Inc.
(BOCA) – National Building Code
■ International Code Council Inc. (ICC) – International Building Code
■ Other applicable codes and standards

The D-Beam fabrication

process begins with a WF
section, split by castellation
to produce two D-Beam
Girders without waste.

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TYPICAL SYSTEM STRUCTURAL DETAILS

S1

S2 S3
7
 S4 S5

S6 S7
8
 S8 S9

TYPICAL SECTION: 8” PRECAST SLAB

AT ELEVATOR DOOR SILL

S10 S11
9
 S12

S13 S14
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TYPICAL SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS

The partition and rated protection details are provided for illustration The partition and rated protection details are provided for illustration
purposes only and not intended for actual use. Girder-Slab Technologies, LLC purposes only and not intended for actual use. Girder-Slab Technologies, LLC
is not responsible for design, means, or methods associated with this detail. is not responsible for design, means, or methods associated with this detail.

A1 A2

The partition and rated protection details are provided for illustration The partition and rated protection details are provided for illustration
purposes only and not intended for actual use. Girder-Slab Technologies, LLC purposes only and not intended for actual use. Girder-Slab Technologies, LLC
is not responsible for design, means, or methods associated with this detail. is not responsible for design, means, or methods associated with this detail.

A3 A4
11
 Marriott Fairfield Inn & Suites, Newark, NJ.

For more examples of completed and under-construction

projects, consult the web site at www.girder-slab.com.

Drexel University student housing, Philadelphia, PA.

COMPOSITE STEEL AND PRECAST SYSTEM

GIRDER-SLAB
TECHNOLOGIES,LLC
856 424 7880 Tel
888 478 1100 Toll Free
856 424 6880 Fax
info@girder-slab.com
www.girder-slab.com

Girder-Slab and D-Beam are trademarks of Girder-Slab Technologies LLC. The Girder-Slab System
and D-Beam Girder are protected under United States Patents with International Patents pending.

COPYRIGHT 2002 GIRDER-SLAB TECHNOLOGIES, LLC