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Roy, et al.: Microscopic and Analytical Evaluation of Globba marantina Root and Leaf
Globba marantina Linn., an extra pharmacopoeial plant of Ayurveda, locally known as chhota rasna by tribal
people of Orissa, belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. Ethnomedicinally roots and leaves of G. marantina is
claimed to be used in the management of asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cough, cold, snakebite and others.
Though used traditionally, no proper scientific evaluation of this plant for its pharmacognostical characters
has been reported. Hence, the present study has been performed to establish the root and leaf of the plant
for its microscopical and physicochemical characters along with different qualitative tests, as per Ayurvedic
Pharmacopoeia of India. Powder microscopy of the root shows ample amount of starch grain, prismatic
crystal, lignified fiber, scalariform vessel whereas that of leaf shows monocot type III stomata, ample amount
of prismatic crystal, fiber and covering trichome. Surface study shows presence of more number of stomata
as well as stomatal index, in lower surface, in comparison to upper surface. Physicochemical parameters
show higher moisture content in leaf sample (9.8060±0.0265% w/w) than the root sample (9.505±0.465%
w/w) and water soluble extractive value of both the samples has been found more in comparison to alcohol
soluble extractive value. The observed data can be helpful to identify and standardize root and leaf of G.
marantina.
Key words: Chhota rasna, Gndhamardan Hills, Globba marantina, pharmacognostical evaluation,
Zingiberaceae
The knowledge about medicinally important plants of the upper bract. It is found in Eastern Himalayas,
has been scientifically documented, and systematically West Bengal, Khasia hills, Sri lanka, and Orissa[2-4].
presented in Ayurvedic samhitas, nighantus and
Different parts of G. marantina have been claimed
other texts. Codified information regarding plants
ethnomedicinally by traditional practitioners of Orissa
of folklore origin has not been documented in the
in the management of different disease conditions
classical texts of Ayurveda. The plants which are not
like conjunctivitis, cough, cold, rheumatism, snake
codified in the classical literature of Ayurveda i.e.
bite, asthma, leucoderma and others[2,3]. It is also
samhitas or in nighantus but are used traditionally
used as spice and eaten as a seasoning in Malaya[4].
to combat of different diseases are called as anukta
Inspite of its ethnomedicinal claims, this plant has
dravya (undocumented)/extrapharmacopoeial plants in
not been evaluated scientifically, to set standards of
Ayurveda. These anukta dravyas are the contribution
pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical
of the studies published through various ethomedicinal/
characters for its proper identification. Hence, this
anthropological survey studies[1].
Globba marantina, Zingiberaceae, an
extrapharmacopoeial plant is known as chhota rasna This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which
in Orissa and Dancing Girl Ginger in English. It is allows other the remix, tweak, and build up to the non-commercially, as
an erect or inclined herb, leaves oblong to lanceolate long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under
the identical terms.
attached with sheathing base, inflorescence compact,
and flower yellow in colour in the axil of one or more Accepted 13 July 2016
Revised 02 June 2016
Received 17 June 2015
*Address for correspondence
E-mail: sudiptagau@gmail.com Indian J Pharm Sci 2016;78(4):469-478
5b-h). Diagnostic characters of leaf shows simple and in root than the leaf[16]. Both the sample solutions
covering trichomes, starch grain, fragment of wavy (5% w/v) show slightly acidic to neutral pH i.e. 6.47
parenchyma cell, lignified fiber, fragment of epidermal and 6.57 of root and leaf, respectively. Water soluble
cell, stomata, saponin content, brown content, aleurone extractive in both the samples has been found more in
grain, annular vessel, silica deposits, prismatic crystal, comparision to alcohol soluble extractive value which
oil globule, cluster crystal (fig. 6b-g). indicates the probability of the presence of high water
soluble constituents than the alcohol soluble in both the
Detailed results of physicochemical parameters are
samples.
given in Table 4. Moisture content has been found more
in leaf sample (9.8060±.0265% w/w) in comparison Qualitative tests show the presence of carbohydrate,
to the root sample (9.505±0.465% w/w). Foreign protein, steroid, terpenoid, alkaloid, tannin and
matter has not been found in both the samples, which flavonoid in both the samples of leaf and root of G.
may be due to the good harvesting practice followed marantina. Results also show that glycoside is absent
during the collection of the drugs. Both ash value and or may be present in very negligible amount in leaf
acid insoluble ash have been found to be less in the samples (Table 5).
root sample than the leaf sample, which may signify
The data specified in the present study regarding
low level of inorganic matter, sand and silica content
475 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences July-August 2016
www.ijpsonline.com
TABLE 5: RESULT OF PRELIMINARY QUALITATIVE TESTS OF GLOBBA MARANTINA LINN. ROOT AND
LEAF EXTRACT
Plant metabolite Test Root Leaf
WE ME CE WE ME CE
Carbohydrate Molisch’s test + + - + + -
Fehling’s test (for reducing sugar) + + - - - -
Iodine test (for starch) + - - + - -
Protein Biuret test + + - + + -
Ninhydrin test (for Amino acid) + + - + + -
Steroid and terpenoid Salkowski test + + + + + +
morphology and microscopical characters will help Vol-II. New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Health
for easy identification of the plant G. marantina. and Family Welfare, Department of AYUSH; 2008. p. 159-61.
Physicochemical and qualitative test reports will help 7. Ramaswamy SN, Radhakrishna Rao M, Govindappa D.
Arekal- Flora of Shimoga District. Karnataka. Mysore:
in establishing standards in identity, degree of purity Prasaranga, Manasagangothri; 2001. p. 604.
and quality of the plant material as per pharmacopoeial 8. Khandelwal KR. Practical pharmacognosy. 19th ed. Pune:
requirements. Nirali Prakashan; 2008. p. 9-19.
9. Lohar DR. Protocol for Testing, Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani
Financial support and sponsorship: medicines, Government of India. Appendix-2. Ghaziabad:
Depertment of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family
Nil. Welfare, Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicines;
2007. p. 41-4.
Conflicts of interest: 10. Khandelwal KR. Practical Pharmacognosy. 19th ed. Pune:
Nirali Prakashan; 2008. p. 146-48.
There are no conflicts of interest.
11. Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 16th ed.
London: W.B. Sanders company Ltd; 1996. p. 545-6.
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