15.module5 - PHP COOKIE SESSION NEW - 13 PDF

Cookie and Session
Prof.N.Nalini
AP(Sr)
VIT
Cookies and Sessions
• Internet is based on Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is a stateless
protocol.
• Maintaining the state between your subsequent visits to a Web page prevent loss
of sensitive data
• We need to keep track of information about the web user/client between
consecutive HTTP requests
Example: Shopping Cart
• “Remember Me”
• For storing the items selected by the site users in their respective shopping
carts.
Cookies
• Cookies are files stored on the client side
• Contains relevant data in name-value pairs
• Comes with expiration dates. Expired cookie contents are no longer

accessed by the browser
• Can be managed by server-side scripts(PHP)
• Relevant cookies are automatically submitted from client to server
with HTTP request
• PHP stores information in $_COOKIE superglobal
Use of Cookies
• To determine how many users visit the given Web site and how often
• For storing details of the users who visit the site or register on the Web
site.
• Allowing users to customize the interface (such as layout and colors) as

per their liking.
• To prevent repetitive logins, thus making the login process faster. In

addition, since the cookie is stored at the client end, the Web server need
not be burdened each time a user needs to log in to the site. The server
only needs to authenticate the first-time users.
• For tracking a user's path and activities on a given Web site. This feature
allows the Web administrators to track miscreants.
• For generating individual user profiles. For example, some sites display
personalized messages to their users when they log in to the site.
4
Setcookie()
• To set a cookie in PHP:
• setcookie(name, value, expiration, path, domain, securemode)
• setcookie(“mycookie”,”hello”, time()+60,”/”,”localhost”,0)
• Time of expiry entered in seconds.
• Present time + time in seconds until expiration[note:time()]
• Once set, S_COOKIE[‘mycookie’] will have value ‘hello’
• Always check with isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name]) before trying to use the cookie’s
value
• Path - This parameter is used to limit the scope of a cookie to a certain part of the document
tree within the Web server.
• Domain - This parameter is used to specify the domain for which the cookie is valid.
• Security parameter – This parameter ensures that the confidential data stored in the cookie
is safe from unauthorized access while it travels from the Web server to the client machine
• To delete a cookie, set a new cookie with same arguments but expiration in the past
Sample cookies program
1. Setcookie.php
<?php
$username = “aabbcc”;
setcookie(‘username’, $username, time() + 60 * 60 * 24); // cookie for 1 day
echo $_COOKIE[‘username’] .” created with expiration time of 1 day”;
setcookie(‘secondcookie’,$username); //expiration time is Session time.
setcookie(‘third’,’sample’,time()+60*60*24*30);//cookie for 30 days
//accessing cookie
echo $secondcookie;
?>
6
Sample cookies program
TestCookie.php
<html> <head>
<title>Beginning PHP, Apache, MySQL Web Development</title>
</head> <body>
<h1>This is the Test Cookie Page</h1>
<?php
if ($_COOKIE[‘username’] == “” || $_COOKIE[‘password’] == “”)
{
?>
No cookies were set. 
<a href=”setcookie.php”>Click here</a> to set your cookies.
<?php }
else
{ ?>
Your cookies were set: 
Username cookie value: <?php echo $_COOKIE[‘username’]; ?> 
Password cookie value: <?php echo $_COOKIE[‘password’]; ?> 
<?php
} ?> </body> </html>
7
Page Count program
<?php
if (!isset($_COOKIE['kookie'])) {
$pagecount=0;
setcookie("kookie",$pagecount);
echo "<center>This is the first time u have accessed
this page ";
echo "<center>A cookie was sent to u & stored in ur
computer ";
}
else {
$pagecount = ++$_COOKIE['kookie'];
setcookie("kookie",$pagecount);
echo "<center> view count:
".$_COOKIE['kookie'];
}
?> <html><body>
 <center> Refresh button will refresh the page
and the page count</center> </body> </html>
8
Delete Cookie program
<?php
echo "";
if (isset($_COOKIE["kookie"]))
{
setcookie("kookie","",time()-10); // deletes cookie
echo "Cookie named as <color = red>kookie </color>was
deleted";
}
else
echo "there is no cookie with name 'KOOKIE'";
?>
9
Visitor Count program
<?php
$visitor_ip = $_COOKIE["user_ip"];
$counter = "counter.txt";
$counter_file_line = file($counter);
if(!$vistor_ip) {
setcookie("user_ip", $REMOTE_ADDR, time()+360000);
$counter_file_line[0]++;
$cf = fopen($counter, "w+");
fputs($cf, "$counter_file_line[0]");
fclose($cf);
} elseif($vistor_ip != $REMOTE_ADDR) {
$counter_file_line[0]++;
$cf = fopen($counter, "w+");
fputs($cf, "$counter_file_line[0]");
fclose($cf);
} ?>
10
Sessions
• data stored on the server, managed by Server-side script(PHP)
• In PHP, session variables store information about user session in

$_SESSION superglobal array.
• Session variables hold information about one single user, and are
available to all pages in one application.
• Session variables expire when the browser is closed

PHP Session management
session_start()
• Before you can store user information in your PHP session, you must first start up the session.
• The session_start() function must appear at the top of EVERY page, BEFORE the <html> tag
<?php
ini_set('session.save_path','c:/wamp/www/session');
$_SESSION['views']=1;
if(isset($_SESSION['views']))
$_SESSION['views']=$_SESSION['views']+1;
else
$_SESSION['views']=1;
echo "Views=". $_SESSION['views'];
?>
Session <html>
ses1.php
<head><title>Starting a Session</title></head>
<?php <body><a href="ses2.php">next page</a>
ini_set('session.save_path','c:/wamp/www/session'); </body>
session_start(); </html>
$s=session_save_path();
ses2.php
echo $s;
<?php
if (!isset($_SESSION['name']))
session_start();
{
if(isset($_SESSION['name']))
$_SESSION['name'] = "hello";
echo "name:".$_SESSION['name'];
echo $_SESSION['name']." ";
else
}
echo "session expires";
session_destroy();
?>
?>
PHP Session management
• unset():
• function used to free the specified session variable
• Example: unset($_SESSION[‘shopping_cart']);
• session_destroy();
• Resets current session. You will lose all your stored session data.
• Call when a user signs out
Working of a Session
Sessions work by creating a unique identification(UID) number for each

visitor and storing variables based on this ID. This helps to prevent two
users' data from getting confused with one another when visiting the same
webpage.
• Session_start() – it is required, for every session’s program.
• $_SESSION[‘session_name’] – can access the created sessions through
this super global.
• isset($_SESSION[‘session_name’]) – used to check the availability of
a session.
• unset($_SESSION[‘session_name’]) – deletes the session
• Session_destroy() – deletes all sessions.
15
Session Functions
• session_start — Initialize session data.
• session_destroy — Destroys all data registered to a session
• session_unset — Free a session
• session_name — Get and/or set the current session name
• session_register — Register one or more global variables with the
current session.
• session_destroy — Destroys all data registered to a session.
• session_id — Get and/or set the current session id.
• Session_regenerate_id — Update the current session id with a newly
generated one
• session_is_registered — Find out whether a global variable is
registered in a session
16

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Cookie and Session

• Cookies are files stored on the client side

• Contains relevant data in name-value pairs

• Comes with expiration dates. Expired cookie contents are no longer

• Allowing users to customize the interface (such as layout and colors) as

• To prevent repetitive logins, thus making the login process faster. In

• In PHP, session variables store information about user session in

• Session variables expire when the browser is closed

Sessions work by creating a unique identification(UID) number for each

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