PROF.

NALINI N
AP(SR)
SCOPE
VIT
Overview

 When you are manipulating files you must be very careful

because you can do a lot of damage if you do something

wrong. Common errors include editing the wrong file, filling a

hard-drive with garbage data, and accidentally deleting a

file's contents.
Opening a File

 In PHP, a file is created using a command that is also used to open files.

 In PHP the fopen function is used to open files. However, it can also create a

file if it does not find the file specified in the function call.

 So if you use fopen on a file that does not exist, it will create it, given that

you open the file for writing or appending.

How to create a file ?

 fopen() binds a named resource, specified by filename, to a stream.

 Returns a file pointer resource on success, or FALSE on error.

<?php
$file=fopen("welcome.txt","r");
?>
 Note: If the fopen() function is unable to open the specified file, it returns 0
(false).
<?php

$file=fopen("welcome.txt","r") or exit("Unable to open file!");

?>
How to create a file ?

Modes Description

r Read only. Starts at the beginning of the file

r+ Read/Write. Starts at the beginning of the file

w Write only. Opens and clears the contents of file; or creates a new file if it
doesn't exist

w+ Read/Write. Opens and clears the contents of file; or creates a new file if it
doesn't exist

a Append. Opens and writes to the end of the file or creates a new file if it doesn't
exist

a+ Read/Append. Preserves file content by writing to the end of the file

x Write only. Creates a new file. Returns FALSE and an error if file already exists

x+ Read/Write. Creates a new file. Returns FALSE and an error if file already exists
 Closing a File

bool fclose ( resource $handle )

 The file pointed to by handle is closed.

 Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

<?php
$file = fopen("test.txt","r");

//some code to be executed

fclose($file);
?>
 PHP fread() Function

fread(file,length)

 The fread() reads from an open file.

 The function will stop at the end of the file or when it reaches the specified length,
whichever comes first.

 This function returns the read string, or FALSE on failure.

Parameter Description
file Required. Specifies the open file to read from
length Required. Specifies the maximum number of
bytes to read
PHP fread() Function

<?php

$file = fopen("test.txt","r");

fread($file,"10");//fread($file,filesize("test.txt"));

fclose($file);

?>
Check End-of-file

 The feof() function checks if the "end-of-file" (EOF) has been

reached.The feof() function is useful for looping through data of
unknown length.

bool feof ( resource $handle )

<?php
$file = “name.txt”;
if (feof($file))
echo "End of file";
?>

 Note: You cannot read from files opened in w, a, and x mode!

Reading a File Line by Line

string fgets ( resource $handle [, int $length ] )

 Gets a line from file pointer.

 Returns a string of up to length - 1 bytes read from

the file pointed to by handle. If there is no more
data to read in the file pointer, then FALSE is
returned.

 If an error occurs, FALSE is returned.

Reading a File Line by Line

<?php
$file = fopen("welcome.txt", "r") or exit("Unable to open file!");
//Output a line of the file until the end is reached
while(!feof($file))
{
echo fgets($file). "<br>";
}
fclose($file);
?>
Reading a File Character by Character

string fgetc ( resource $handle )

 Gets a character from the given file pointer.

 Returns a string containing a single character read

from the file pointed to by handle. Returns FALSE on
EOF.
Reading a File Character by Character

<?php
$file=fopen("welcome.txt","r") or exit("Unable to open file!");
while (!feof($file))
{
echo fgetc($file);
}
fclose($file);
?>
 Reading/writing an entire file
14

# reverse a file
$text = file_get_contents("poem.txt");
$text = strrev($text);
file_put_contents("poem.txt", $text);

 file_get_contents returns entire contents of a file as a string

 file_put_contents writes a string into a file, replacing any
prior contents
 Example explode
15

Harry Potter, J.K. Rowling

The Lord of the Rings, J.R.R. Tolkien
Dune, Frank Herbert
contents of input file books.txt

<?php foreach (file(“books.txt") as $book) {

list($title, $author) = explode(“,", $book);
?>
<p> Book title: <?= $title ?>, Author: <?=
$author ?> </p>
<?php
}
?>
 Fixed-length files, file and list
16

XXX
(919)685-2181
570-86-7326 contents of file personal.txt

list($name, $phone, $ssn) = file("personal.txt");

 reads the file into an array of lines and unpacks the lines into
variables
 Need to know a file's exact length/format
Write
 <?php
$myfile = fopen("newfile.txt", "w") or die("Unable
to open file!");
$txt = “xxx\n";
fwrite($myfile, $txt);
$txt = “yyy\n";
fwrite($myfile, $txt);
fclose($myfile);
?>
Delete File - unlink()

 The PHP unlink() function is used to delete file.

Syntax :

 bool unlink ( string $filename [, resource $context ] )

Example

<?php
unlink('data.txt');

echo "File deleted successfully";

?>
 Some File Functions
1) fopen(filename,mode) - used for opening a file with specific mode.
2) fclose(fp) - used to close the file. (fp -> filepointer)
3) feof(fp) - used to find the End of File
4) fgetc(fp) - Gets character from file pointer
5) fgets(fp) - Gets a line from file pointer
6) fread(fp,size) - Binary-safe file read
7) fscanf(fp,format) - Parses input from a file according to a format
8) fwrite(fp,string) - Binary-safe file write
9) file_put_contents(fp,string) - Write a string to a file
10) file_get_contents(fp) - Reads entire file into a string
11) file(fp) - Reads entire file into an array

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12) file_exists(fp) - Checks whether a file or directory exists
 Some File Functions

13) is_readable(fp) - Tells whether the filename is readable

14) is_writable(fp) - Tells whether the filename is writable
15) is_file(path) - Tells whether the filename is a regular file
16) is_dir(path) - Tells whether the filename is a directory
17) is_link(path) - Tells whether the filename is a symbolic link
18) readlink(path) - Returns the target of a symbolic link
19) readdir - Read entry from directory handle
20) glob - Find pathnames matching a pattern
21) filesize(fp) - Gets file size
22) filetype(fp) - Gets file type
23) fprintf(fp,format) - Write a formatted string to a stream
28 24) fstat(fp) - Gets information about a file using an open file
 File Upload
 With PHP, it is possible to upload files to the server. HTML SCRIPT to
allow users to upload files from a form.

 By using the global PHP $_FILES array you can upload files from a client
computer to the remote server.

 The first parameter is the form's input name and the second index can be
either "name", "type", "size", "tmp_name" or "error". Like this:

$_FILES["file"]["name"] - the name of the uploaded file

$_FILES["file"]["type"] - the type of the uploaded file
$_FILES["file"]["size"] - the size in bytes of the uploaded file
$_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"] - the name of the temporary copy of the file
stored on the server
$_FILES["file"]["error"] - the error code resulting from the file upload

Configure The "php.ini" File->file_uploads = On

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 File Upload
E.g.
<html>
<body> The enctype attribute of the
<form action="upload_file.php" <form> tag specifies which
method="post" content-type to use when
enctype="multipart/form-data"> submitting the form.
<label for="file">Filename:</label> "multipart/form-data" is used
<input type="file" name=“myfile" when a form requires binary
id="file" /> data, like the contents of a
<br /> file, to be uploaded.
<input type="submit" The type="file" attribute of
name="submit" value="Submit" /> the <input> tag specifies that
</form> the input should be processed
</body> as a file.
</html>

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<html> <form method=post action="upload.php" enctype=multipart/form-data>
select a file<input type=file name=userfile >
<input type=submit value=submit>
</form> </html>

<?php
if($_FILES['userfile']['size']<1000000) AND $_FILES['userfile']['type']=="text/plain")
{
//if(@copy($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'],"./upload/".$_FILES['userfile']['name']))
if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'],"./upload/".$_FILES['userfile']['n
ame']))
echo "file uploaded";
else
echo "fail1";
}
else
echo "fail2";
?>
 Adding Restrictions
<?php //upload_file.php
if ((($_FILES[“myfile"]["type"] == "image/gif")
|| ($_FILES[“myfile"]["type"] == "image/jpeg")
|| ($_FILES[“myfile"]["type"] == "image/pjpeg"))
&& ($_FILES[“myfile"]["size"]/1024 < 20))
{
if ($_FILES[“myfile"]["error"] > 0)
{
echo "Error: " . $_FILES["file"]["error"] . "<br />";
}
else
{
move_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'],"./upload/".$_FILES['user
file']['name'])

echo "Upload: " . $_FILES[“myfile"]["name"] . "<br />";

echo "Type: " . $_FILES[“myfile"]["type"] . "<br />";
echo "Size: " . ($_FILES[“myfile"]["size"] / 1024) . " Kb<br />";
echo "Stored in: " . $_FILES[“myfile"]["tmp_name"];
}
}
else
{
echo "Invalid file";
32 }
?>
 Emailing with PHP
If you are in a *NIX environment, you will most likely have
sendmail installed on your server. If you are using a hosting
service, check with your service provider to make sure
sendmail or some equivalent is being used. Once you have
your mail server squared away, you’ll need to modify your
php.ini
1.SMTP - Set this to the ip address or DNS name of your
SMTP server. default value : localhost
2.sendmail_from -The From address used by default by
the PHP mail() command
3.smtp_port - Set this to the port PHP uses to connect to
the SMTP server. default value 25

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 Email – mail()
It is a function in PHP used to send an email. It returns true on success of
sending an email, otherwise false.
mail(to,sub,message, headers, other_parameters)
(In this, the first three parameters are must. )

Where to- the receiver(s) email address(es). “,” used as delimiter to separate the
addresses.
Sub – subject of the mail
Message – text which has to delivered to the receiver(s).
Headers – additional parameter used
1. to include BCC & CC email address(es),
2. send the mail as multipart, and
3. contains the attachment file
Other_parameters – used to display some additional information to the receiver(s).

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 Simple Mail program
<? php
$to=“user123@example.com”;
$sub=“Test mail”;
$message1 = “This is a sample test mail";
$mailsent = mail($to,$sub,$message1);
If ($mailsent)
echo “the mail was sent to $to successfully”;
Else
echo “the mail couldn’t send. Pl verify your mail settings / connection”;
?>

Output:
The mail was sent to user123@example.com successfully.

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 Email – with cc & Bcc
<? php
$to=“user123@example.com”;
$sub=“Test mail”;
$message1 = “This is a sample test mail";
$header = “cc:aa@aa.com, ab@aa.com\r\n”;
$header .=“bcc: ac@aa.com”;
$mailsent = mail($to,$sub,$message1,$header);
If ($mailsent)
echo “the mail was sent to $to and $headersuccessfully”;
Else
echo “the mail couldn’t send. Pl verify your mail settings /
connection”;
?>

Output:
The mail was sent to user123@example.com cc:aa@aa.com,
ab@aa.com bcc: ac@aa.com successfully.

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 Email with an attachment
1. Collect the message and store it in a variable.
2. Add the boundary at the end of that message.
3. Enclose the content type of that message and its
transfer encoding method.
4. Now add boundary to mark it as end of message.
5. Open the file which has to be attached with the
mail in rb mode and transfer the content into a php
variable.
6. Now add the content-type to the message as the
type of attached file.

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 Email with an attachment
7. Then set the name as the file name which has to be
sent an attachment.
8. Add “content-disposition: attachment” – which
indicates the mail is coming with an attachment.
9. Can add the rename option of the attached file.
10. Add the transfer encoding type.
11. Now it is a time to add the content of the
attachment file.
12. Add the boundary with the message as a ended
one.

38
 Sample Program
39
<?php
$to="nalini@vit.ac.in";
$sub="fileattachmaent";
$msg="pdf";
$fn="ss.pdf";
$fo=fopen($fn,"rb");
$data=fread($fo,filesize($fn));
fclose($fo);
$data1=chunk_split(base64_encode($data));
//$h="Content-Type:text/plain\r\n";
//$h.="Content-Transfer-Encoding:7bit".$msg."\r\n";
$h="Content-Type:multipart/mixed\r\n";
$h.="Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=$fn\r\n";
$h.="Content-Transfer-Encoding:base64".$data1."\r\n";
$m=mail($to,$sub,$msg,$h);
if($m)
echo "success";
else
echo "fail";