St.

Gregorios School
Class 9th Biology
Chapter-6 Plant Tissues

Q.1. Based on the ability to divide, how many types of plant tissues are found?
Ans. Apical Meristem, Intercalary Meristem, Lateral Meristem

Q.2. What do you mean by Differentiation?

Ans. When the cells of permanent tissue loose the capacity to divide and attain a
permanent shape, size and function is called as Differentiation.

Q.3. Name the types of Simple Tissues.

Ans. The 3 types of simple tissues are Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma.
Parenchyma is further classified into Aerenchyma and Chlorenchyma.

Q.4. Where is apical meristem found?

Ans. The apical meristem is found at the tips of root or shoot of the plant.

Q.5. Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?

Ans. Sclerenchyma tissue

Q.6. What are the constituents of phloem?

Ans. Phloem is made up of four elements – sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres and
phloem parenchyma.

Q.7. How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them.
Ans. Xylem is made up of four elements – vessels, tracheids, xylem fibres and xylem
parenchyma.

Q.8. How are simple tissues different from complex tissue in plants?
Ans. Simple tissues are made up of one kind of cells which coordinate to perform a common
function. Complex tissues are made up of more than one type of cells. All these cells
coordinate to perform a common function.

Q.9. Differentiate between Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma on the basis of

their cell wall. Draw the labelled diagram also to show the difference.

Parenchyma tissue cells have Collenchyma tissue cells Sclerenchyma tissue cells
thin cell wall made up of have cell wall made up of have thickened cell walls
cellulose cellulose and is thickened at made up of cellulose and
corners due to PECTIN LIGNIN
deposition

Q.10. What are the functions of stomata?

Ans. Stomata are present in epidermal tissue as tiny pores on the undersurface of the
leaves through which they perform two functions –

By Malvika Saxena
 a) Helps in exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon-di-oxide by Photosynthesis and
Respiration process.
b) Helps to remove excess water from the plant and keep it cool by Transpiration
process.

Q.11. Name the region in which Parenchyma tissue is present.

Ans. Parenchyma tissue is found in softer areas of leaves, flowers and in pith of stems and
roots. When parenchyma contains chlorophyll it is collenchyma found in green leaves
where as in aquatic plants parenchyma contains large air cavities and help them to
float is called as Aerenchyma.

Q.12. What is the role of epidermis in plants?

Ans. Epidermis forms a continuous layer of flattened living cells without any intercellular
spaces. It performs various functions –
a) It protects the internal parts of the plant from injury, pathogens, temperature,
parasitic fungi etc.
b) It prevents excessive loss of water from the internal tissues.
c) It allows exchange of gases through the stomata.
d) It protects the plant body by giving out certain structures as root hairs which
increases the surface area for absorption of water.

Q.13. How does the cork act as a protective tissue?

Ans. Cork consists of compactly arranged dead cells without any intercellular spaces. They
act as protective tissue as have deposition of SUBERIN which makes them impervious
to water and gases.

By Malvika Saxena
Q.14. Why do meristematic tissue cells lack vacuoles?
Ans. Because the meristematic tissue cells are actively dividing cells which do not store the
food.

Q.15. Sclerenchyma cells were once living cells. What changes takes place in the cells due
to which they become dead at maturity?
Ans. Sclerenchyma cells get hard secondary walls due to deposition of lignin. They loose
their protoplasm and become dead at maturity.

Q.16. Why is the cuticle very thick in –

a) Aquatic plants
b) Desert plants
c) On the top surface of the leaf
Ans. The cuticle is thick as -
a) Plant surface becomes water proof and do not get decayed
b) To protect against water loss
c) Prevent excessive loss of water due to transpiration by direct heat rays of the sun.

Q.17. What is the difference between Meristematic tissues and Permanent tissues?

Meristematic Tissue Permanent Tissue

Cells are small spherical polygonal and
Cells are large and differentiated
undifferentiated
Cell walls are thin walled and elastic Cells are thin or thick walled
Vacuoles are nearly absent Large central vacuole is present
Intercellular spaces are absent Intercellular spaces are present
Cells are always living Cells may be living or dead
Contains dense cytoplasm Do not contain dense cytoplasm
Provides protection, support, conduction,
Provides growth to the plant
photosynthesis and storage for the plant

Q.18. Name the two kind of Complex permanent tissues. On what basis they are different
from each other?
Ans. The two kind of complex permanent tissues are Xylem and Phloem.

XYLEM PHLOEM
Helps in transport of water and minerals Helps in transport of prepared food from
from the roots to the upper parts of the the leaves to the different parts of the plant
plant body. body.
Movement through xylem is unidirectional. Transport through phloem is bidirectional.
It is a dead tissue. It is a living tissue.
Components of xylem tissue are: Components if phloem tissue:
a) Tracheids a) Sieve tubes
b) Vessels b) Companion cells
c) Xylem parenchyma c) Phloem parenchyma
d) Xylem fibres d) Phloem fibres

By Malvika Saxena
 • Tracheids and vessels are tubular • Sieve tubes are tubular cells with
structures which transports water vertically perforated walls which help in conduction
from roots to leaves. of food.
• Xylem parenchyma stores food and helps • Companion cells are long, narrow and
in sideways conduction of water. connected to sieve tubes through pores.
• Xylem fibres provide strength whenever They control the functioning of dead sieve
required. tubes cells.
• Xylem parenchyma consist of living cells • Phloem parenchyma is thin walled and
whereas tracheids, vessels, and xylem fibres living phloem cells help in storage and short
contain dead cells. distance conduction of food.
• Phloem fibres give strength and provide
mechanical support.
• Sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem
parenchyma consist of living cells whereas
phloem fibres consist of dead cells.

Q.19. Activity: Demonstration of growth of roots in onion

Takes two glass jars and fill them with water. Now, take two onion bulbs and place
one on each jar, as shown in Figure. Observe the growth of roots in both the bulbs
for a few days. Measure the length of roots on day 1, 2 and 3. On day 4, cut the root
tips of the onion bulb in jar 2 by about 1cm. After this, observe the growth of roots
in both the jars and measure their lengths each day for five more days.

Jar 1 Jar 2

From the above observations, answer the following questions:

1. Which of the two onions has longer roots?
2. Do the roots continue growing even after we have removed their tips?
3. Why would the roots stop growing in Jar 2?
 The roots of the onion in the jar 1 would be longer whereas the growth of roots of
onion in jar 2 stop after the root tips of the onion bulb in jar 2 have been cut. When
the root tips are cut, the apical meristem responsible for the increase in length gets
removed.
 The growth of plants occurs only in certain specific regions. In the above picture in jar
1, the roots of onion bulb grow fast at the tip due to presence of dividing cells of
meristematic tissues located only at these points.
 New cells produced by meristem are initially like those of the cells of meristem itself,
but as they grow and mature, their characteristics slowly change and they become
By Malvika Saxena
 differentiated as components of other tissues. Apical meristem is present at the
growing tips of stems and roots and increases the length of the stem and the root.

Q.20. Differentiate between Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma on the basis of

a) Type of cells
b) Cell Wall
c) Shape
d) Intercellular Space
e) Cytoplasm, vacuole and nucleus
f) Occurrence
g) Function

FEATURES PARENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA SCLERENCHYMA

They are living cells and They are living They are dead cells
1) Type of cells posses the power of cell cells. without any
division. protoplasm.
Thin cell wall made of Cell wall thickened Greatly thickened
2) Cell wall cellulose. at corners due to cell walls due to the
deposition of deposition of lignin
pectin and extra which hardens it.
cellulose. Due to thickness,
cell lumen(cavity) is
almost absent and
pit can be seen.
Oval, round polygonal or Oval and circular Short, irregular and
3) Shape isodiametric. have definite shape.

Large Little Absent

4) Intercellular
space

5) Cytoplasm, Dense cytoplasm, large Have cytoplasm, Absent

vacuole and vacuole, prominent vacuole and
nucleus nucleus nucleus.
Found in softer areas of Found below Found in hard
6) Occurrence leaves, flowers, stem and epidermis and leaf covering of seeds
roots. stalks of the and nuts, in jute,
leaves. husk of coconut,
veins of leaves, in
the pulp of fruit like
guava and pear.
7) Function a) It serves as packaging a) It provides a) They provide
tissue which fills the mechanical mechanical
spaces between the support and strength and
tissues; it maintains the elasticity to support to the
shape and rigidity of plant parts plant.
plants due to its turgid (allows bending b) They make plant

By Malvika Saxena
 cells. of leaves, stem hard and stiff
 Aerenchyma etc.) thus called as
sometimes b) If cells contain stone cells also.
parenchyma cells have chlorophyll they  Sclereids –
air spaces within them help in specialized
which helps aquatic preparing food. sclerenchyma
plants to float. cells.
 Chlorenchyma -
sometimes
parenchyma cells have
chlorophyll and so they
perform
photosynthesis.
b) It provides temporary
support and helps in
storage of food

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By Malvika Saxena