ARTS 7

MODULE 1

LESSON 1
PHILIPPINE ARTS
 Content Standards
The learners demonstrate understanding of…
 Art elements and process by synthesizing and applying prior knowledge and skills.
 The salient feature of the arts of Luzon (highlands) by showing the relationship of the
elements of art and culturally diverse communities in the country.

Performance Standards
The learners should be able to:
 Create artworks showing the characteristic elements of the arts of Luzon ( highlands
and lowlands)
 Exhibit completed artworks for appreciation and critiquing

Learning Competencies

The learner should be able to…

 Analyze elements and principles of art in the production of one’s arts and crafts inspired by
the arts of Luzon (highlands and lowlands).
 Identify characteristics of arts and crafts in specific areas in Luzon (e.g., papier mâché
[taka] from Paete, Ifugao wood sculptures [bul’ul], Cordillera jewelry and pottery, tattoo,
and Ilocos weaving and pottery [burnay], etc.)

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to…
 Create a presentation of the culture of some indigenous communities from Luzon;
 Discuss the influence of Spaniards and Americans to the Philippine culture;
 Illustrate report on Philippine folk arts.

OVERVIEW

This module introduces the beauty of Philippine folk arts. Philippines has more than 80
small ethnic tribes who live in different parts of the country. Each has its own folk art that is now
part of our cultural heritage .Each region also produces different unique products and crafts. Some
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Alternating Designs - these are two or more patterns, motifs, or colors used alternately.
Geometric Lines - these are different straight or curved lines
Geometric Shapes - these are enclosed spaces formed by straight lines or curved lines that
progress evenly.
Graduated Designs - these are motifs or patterns that are repeated but in graduated size from
small to big, or if colors, from light to dark.
Folk Art- refers to art made by people who have had no art instruction, and often little formal
education.

PRE-TEST Read and answer the question below.

List down the different arts and crafts that you have already knew particularly in Mindanao.
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________

LESSON 1- FOLK ARTS (MEDIA TECHNIQUES AND PROCESS)

The term “folk art” refers to art made by people who have had no art instruction, and often
little formal education. Art is generally considered to be “folk art” when it is the work of
untrained artist working in rural areas. It is the skilled but simple expression of people who care
more about plain truths than fashionable trends and historic styles.
Folk arts could be a painting, carvings, furniture, textiles, metalwork, masks, artifacts, and all
decorative arts made by people using traditional techniques handed down to them through the
generations. Every country and community has its folk art. In the Philippines, we have produced
several folk arts done by great forefathers of ethnic groups. Their artworks are preserved and
reproduced by the present generation in different localities.
Folk artists learn by just watching their elders or by becoming an apprentice in a craft. Some
folk arts are simple, undecorated craftwork created for everyday use. Some are highly decorated,
especially carved or painted art for an important use or purpose. People tend to think of folk art
as pre-technological, yet this form of expression continues to be part of people’s lives throughout
the world.

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 Folk art is part of our country’s cultural heritage. It speaks of our national symbols that
represent the country as well. It also shows our country’s national identity and national unity.
Folk art is identified through its secrecy of styles, expression of sensitivity for art, and beauty by
a certain group consisting of the artist and the immediate audience.
Philippine Folk Art

Our very own folk art as part of our cultural heritage helps us to have our own national
identity and national unity as well.
We already had our art even before the coming of the Spaniards like weaving, pottery, and
carving. These were handed down from one generation to the next by our folk artist.
Philippines folk arts include painting, carving, furniture, textile, and decorative arts. These are
mostly done by ethnic groups in different parts of the country.

To create a work of art, folk artists use different materials. These materials are called
mediums. Some of the media that artists use in art creation are crayons, colored markers, clay,
and other indigenous materials. In sculpting, the artist may use different media such as wood,
soap marbles, clay and many more
Folk artists consider the elements of design such as line, color, texture, value, space, shape,
and form in planning their art creation. They also combine visual elements by using the principle
of design. It is a guide for planning artworks that express ideas or feelings. Principles of design
include balance, rhythm proportion, emphasis, unity, harmony, and variety
Different designs can be seen from clothing materials that are traditionally made by folk artists
from different parts of the country. Decorative patterns are used by folk artists to make
embroidered and handwoven cloth. You may have noticed how fabric or cloth designs provide
an artistic expression among folk artists. They can play with the elements of art to create rhythm
in the design of clothing.
Artists use visual rhythm and movements to add interest and visual
excitement to their works of art. Visual rhythm is created by repeating
colors, lines, and shapes. It can come from shapes that overlap.
Artists may use different techniques to make the viewer’s eyes move about
the artworks as they look at it. Look at the repeated diagonal lines in the
picture. The picture is a handwoven skirt from the Mountain province. Do
you see rhythm in it?
It said that rhythm results from repetitions and when we talk about repetition in art we use
motifs and patterns. The unit repeated in visual rhythm is a motif. It could be a shape or an
object that is repeated. A pattern is a word to describe a decorative surface design.
You will see lines and shapes that create patterns in some Philippines folk arts. Many people
do appreciate patterns, they love to decorate things with patterns. Patterns can be all over designs
like the one you see on fabrics, carpets, and wallpapers. Other can be border designs around the
edges such as those you see on edges of scarves and walls.

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 In many countries, they use organic lines and shapes for patterns. Organic forms are similar to
forms in nature and usually have curved or irregular edges such as those we see in flowers,
leaves, and vines.
Observe and analyze the colors and patterns of Philippines folk arts from other parts of the
country may have different meanings.
See the common folk arts in the Philippines and find out how folk art artists applied art
elements and principles in their works. Try to find out their similarities differences.

Folk Arts of Ilocos Region and Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR)

Ilocos
Ilocanos, being the largest ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines, live in several places in
the country. You can most of them in La Union, Abra, Isabela, Paoay, Vigan, and in many
other places.
Their arts and culture are greatly influenced by the Spaniards and Christianity and is very
evident you look at their churches.

You will see the diversity of Ilocos arts and culture by looking at the different art objects
of the Ilocos Region. They are known for their ILoco fabric. Ilocanos use this Fabric in Making
Blankets, bags Lines, Camisa chino, and many more.
Ilocano blankets have intricate designs. These blankets are called binakol and pinilian.
Made from hand-spun cotton these blankets were dyed in light or dark indigo with repetitive
geometric design. This design produces optical illusions.

Iloco bed Linen The loom weaving tilar with thread

Ilocano weaving traditions which were handed down from one generation to the next is
called panagabel. Tilar and tread are all the weavers need to create a beautiful Ilocano fabric.
Pottery is another lively tradition of the Ilocanos. At present, the making of burnay pottery
continues as a tradition in Ilocos. Bernayan jars and pots are also found in Ilocos.

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 Pottery

Pangasinan
In Pangasinan, you will see beautiful arts and crafts which include Bolinao mats and hats.
Bolinao mats made from either buri or raffia leaves. Different crafts made from bamboos are
found in San Carlos.
Vigan
Vigan is known for keeping old houses. The people of Vigan remain steadfast in their
traditional crafts, particularly pottery (burnay) and handloom weaving (inabel).

Old Spanish in Vigan

Cordillera Autonomous Region

Are you familiar with the items above? They are commonly found in the Cordillera
Autonomous Region. When you go to CAR you will see these items.
Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR) is composed of several provinces such as Abra,
Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain province. There are seven ethnic groups
in Cordillera, these ethnic groups are the Apayao, Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao, Itneg or Tingguian,
Kalinga, and Kankanan-ey. Each group has its folk art that is now part of our cultural heritage.

Woodcarving
Having the mountain as habitat, the natives of cordillera are abundant with wood from the
trees in their environment. Their artworks are dominantly made from wood. In every village,
there are folk artists or carvers since woodcarving is their established occupation. They are the
making use of the abundant supply of Narra, Adda-an, and Lutmu trees. They make shields,
household articles such as bowls, spoons and forks, souvenir items, and many more.

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 Household items from CAR
Ifugaos have contributed very interesting works of art. Their house style, woodcarving, tools,
costumes, dances, and literature show traces of nature which is not only the artist but practical as
well. Their artistic creations include shields, home utensils, containers, and religious images that
are made from wood.
The art of the people of cordillera is decorative and ritualistic. The ritualistic items are the
bul-ul and the bihang. Bul-ul represents ancestral spirits and granary gods. Bul-ul is the granary
deity whom the Ifugaos worship to have an abundant harvest. They use bul-ul at rituals and
festivities.

Bul-ul
.
Bihang is a gruesome ritual object to incite fear of punishment to those who go against the
village norms. It serves as a guard reminding villagers not to do any act that would cause harm to
their people or they will get a punishment.
Decorative objects such as bowls, spoons, forks, ladles, stools, are usually carved into an
animal or human figures or parts of the human figure such as a hand or a phallus. The Ifugaos for
example, fashion their food bowls to represent a pig or a retile.

Look at the hallowed part of the body, it functions as the container while the stylized head
and tail serve as the handles. The representations of human and animal figures are limited among
the mountain people such as the Ifugaos, Bontocs, and Ibalois
Weaving
Weaving is one of the most treasured living traditions in Cordillera. They weave blankets and
clothing materials using the back-strap loom Native textiles are adorned with linear or figurative
patterns. These woven materials are so unique that serve several purposes. The natives use these
not only as clothing materials or blankets but also in their religion and rituals

Woven cloth
The woven cloth of the people of the Mountain province ethnic group is created beautifully
and with colorful designs. The shirts, blankets, and jackets the kalingas are using are beautiful

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examples of harmonious materials put in stripes. The color combinations that appeal to most of
them are red and gold. Notice the interlacing of geometric forms or designs that appear in the
ornamental stripes upon the skirts and cloaks of the Apayaos.
The bahag or loincloth of the mountain province is an elegant hand-loomed piece of long
cloth. It is used by man to wrap around his waist. The Ifugao’s loincloth, called ikat, has a motif
of diamond stripes of white and red but blue is the dominant color. Modern bahags are now
being used in the lowland as table runners, serviettes, and other décor and fashion accessories.
The people of Cordillera developed the art of basket weaving. Basket is very important in their
daily life. It serves as a container to carry their load up and down the mountain. Other woven art
pieces of the people from CAR are hats, Fan, and the famous pasiking or backpack. It is woven
with a very good design and sound structure.

Woven Basket and Winnow

Literature
The most published form of the Ifugao is the Hudhud. This is a song during a funeral wake,
harvest season, and in order special occasions.
Architecture
The Ifugao houses are contracted and designed in such a way that they are safe from
roaming animals and to keep them warm due to the cold climate.
The Ifugao houses are built atop four trunks of trees held by poles. They cut the top of the
trees but the trunk and roots are left firmly planted on the ground. Since the house is elevated,
this will keep safe from roaming animals and flood when it rains
The roof is steeply sloping down, long enough to mostly cover the walls it is designed this
way to protect them from the rain and the very cold climate. They build a platform on top of a
wooden wall below the roof to serve as grain storage. To hang their baskets, pegs are available in
the house. Curved animal forms are found in the beams. They also place a circular disc below
the house beam to protect them from snakes and rats that may climb through the house supports.
To give heat, they place a charcoal stove under the house.
Body Accessories/ Ornamentations
Cordillera people have their silversmith making a silver piece of accessories while the
Apayaos make decorative beads. The Ifugaos wear an amulet around their neck. These amulets
are made of gold, bronze beads, and other materials. They call these amulets lingling-o or
dinumug and they believe that these are fertility symbols.
Tattooo art is a practice among men and women in the Cordillera region. It is associated
with physical order that accompanies rites of passage. Among the Ifugaos, the tattoo motif is the
kinabu (dog), the tinagu (man), and the ginawang and ginayaman (centipedes). The women of
kalinga, kankanaey, Ibaloi, and Ifugao have their shoulders down to their wrists thickly and
elaborately decorated in horizontal and vertical sections with a tattoo. Among men, the tattoo in

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their chests indicates strength and bravery. Series of geometric designs on their chest extending
to the upper arms are seen in their tattoos

Body Tattoo
Tattoo serves several functions among men and women such as:
1. to serve as clothing
2. to enhance physical beauty
3. to create a cruel appearance
4. to distinguish a brave warrior
5. to convey social attributes and values
6 to drive away evil spirit and enemies
7. to indicate social status as the headman’s wife
8. to signify rites of passage/ a mark of seniority
9. to serve as a mark of bravery and prowess in headhunting

Now that you already understand the Philippine Arts, let’s check how much you
have learned about the topic by answering the activity below.

LEVELING- UP ACTIVITIES
How Much You Have Learned?

1. What are some folk and crafts of the Ilocos Region and Cordillera Autonomous Region?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2 Name the specific folk art of different ethnic groups of Cordillera.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. What do you notice about the folk art of the people of Cordillera?

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______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. Did they follow certain elements and principles that made their folk arts so unique? Explain
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

RUBRICS:

Categories Advance Proficient Emerging

(5) (3) (2)

Content The idea stands out The idea is somewhat The idea is not clear
and is supported by clear but there is a and no supporting
detailed information. need for more information.
supporting
information.

Sentence Structure Sentences are all Sentences have some Sentences are not
grammatically grammatically grammatically
structured. structured. structured.

Word Choice The writer uses vivid The writer uses The writer does not
words and phrases limited words and use words and
that draw pictures in phrases that draw phrases that draw
the reader’s mind. pictures in the pictures in the
reader’s mind. reader’s mind.

REFERENCE:
Mojica, L., et.al. (2014). Honing Your Skills Through MAPEH 7. #388 Mc Arthur Highway,
Dalandan, Valenzuela City. JO-ES Publishing House, Inc

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 LESSON 2- FOLK ARTS OF CAGAYAN VALLEY AND CENTRAL
LUZON
Cagayan Valley is in the northern part of Luzon. It is composed of the province of Batanes,
Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Viscaya, and Quirino.
Batanes
The people of Batanes are the Ivatans. Since Batangas is most frequently visited by typhoons,
people there have to adapt to their place’s situation. They build stones houses made of limestone.

Vakul An Ivatan women wearing Vakul

Ivatan women usually wear a headgear called vakul. It is a woven from abaca fiber or a
palm similar to coconut. The main function of vakul is to protect the ivatan from the heat of the
sun and the rain
Nueva Viscaya
Nueva Viscaya is a mountainous province which is near Benguet, Ifugao, and Quirino. This
province is known for its Bakwat. It is a woven belt used by mothers after giving birth. Gaddang
weavers make this white woven cloth and they put beads on it as an accent. The beadwork is
placed in the middle part of the cloth with patterns of rivers and mountains.
Isabela
The Aetas in Isabela and Cagayan usually hunt for their foods. They make arrows with a
series of barbs below the arrowheads to prevent the wounded animal from easily shaking off the
arrow.
Cagayan
The province of Cagayan is known for its beautiful tourist spot and religious spots. The
lady of Piat Church and the Calvary hills are the beautiful creation of arts. The propagation
of catholic faith in the place became successful through the use of art. Religious engravings,
sculptures, and other religious items were used to teach religion to the people.

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 Church of the lady of Piat in Tuguegarao

The Calvary Hills with different stations of the cross depict the passion, death,and resurrection of
In Tuguegarao, you will see the different crafts.Jesus Christweave hats, bags, and fans. They
The people
create beautiful designs with lovely colors.

Tuguegarao’s Arts and Crafts

Folk arts of Central Luzon

Central Luzon is composed of the province of Bulacan, Pampanga, Zambales, Tarlac, Nueva
Ecija, and Bataan. Each province shows unique folk arts and crafts.
Bulacan
Bulacan is known for its artistically made bamboo arches or singkaban during fiesta and
other special occasions. Bamboo chairs, tables, and cabinets are also the sources of livelihood of
artistic people of Bulacan. Weaving buntal hat is another skill of the people especially the
women of Bulacan.

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 Bocaue, Bulacan is known in manufacturing firecrakers of different kinds

Pampanga
Pampanga is known for the beautiful giant lanterns that you see during the Christmas season.
San Fernamdo, pampanga is known for these lanterns.

Aside from lanterns, there is one town in Pampanga that is also known for sculpture and
woodcarving. Betis is a town in Pampanga. Its name is synonymous with sculpture and
woodcarving. Betis, Pampanga is now a lucrative center for woodcarving. Today, Betis is the
furniture- making and woodcarving capital of Pampanga, and in fact, of the whole Luzon. It was
through the effort of Juan c Flores or Apung Juan that the sleepy town of Betis became famous
as the center of woodcarving. He taught his province mates the finer points of woodcarving and
Sculpture. For decades he worked as a teacher to generations of young carvers in the place. His
generosity and skills spread by word of Mouth and many aspiring artists from Pampanga and
other provinces in Luzon came to seek his help. He became their mentor.
If you go around Betis, you will see Sculpture, Carvers, or folk artists busy at work all over
the town throughout the day doing their craft.

Zambales
It is in Zambales where you can see Mount Pinatubo and also the Aetas these natives create
folk arts out of the local materials found in the mountains such as bamboos and rattan. They
make bamboo flutes, baskets, and other products out of bamboos and rattan.,

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 Bamboo Flute
Nueva Ecija
Nueva Ecija is known for the different products that they produce such as rice, onions,
garlic, and other vegetables. Each year, they have a festival to thank god for their bountiful
harvest. They call this Tanduyong Festival. Weaving mat from buri is also a source of
livelihood of the women from Nueva Ecija.

Now that you already understand the folk arts of Cagayan Valley and Cental Luzon,
let’s check how much you have learned the topic by answering the activity below.

LEVELING- UP ACTIVITIES
How Much You Have Learned?
 What common media and art processes are used by the folk artists from Cagayan Valley
and Central Luzon folk arts?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

 Observe samples of art and crafts from Cagayan Valley and Central Luzon. What elements
and principles of arts were applied?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

RUBRICS:

Categories Advance Proficient Emerging

(5) (3) (2)

Content The idea stands out The idea is somewhat The idea is not clear
and is supported by clear but there is a and no supporting
detailed information. need for more information.
supporting
information.

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 Sentence Structure Sentences are all Sentences have some Sentences are not
grammatically grammatically grammatically
structured. structured. structured.

Word Choice The writer uses vivid The writer uses The writer does not
words and phrases limited words and use words and
that draw pictures in phrases that draw phrases that draw
the reader’s mind. pictures in the pictures in the
reader’s mind. reader’s mind.

LESSON 3- FOLK ARTS OF SOUTHERN TAGALOG REGION

South Tagalog is composed of the province of laguna, Rizal, Cavite, Batangas. Quezon,
Marinduque, Mindoro, Romblon, and Palawan, native arts from different places in the
Philippines have been developed by the ancestors who had obtained livelihood from such artistic
works. Folk arts from different places in the country are so beautifully crafted that they attract
people to collect

Laguna
The town of Paete in Laguna is known as the “woodcarving capital of the Philippines.”
Woodcarving crafts, tables and chairs, home decorative items, wooden shoes, slippers, and taka
are from Paete. Carver’s motif is usually floral and full of curves and hooks. Their motifs are
most commonly done for export.

Carved Pieces of Furniture

The hand weaved and embroidered barong Tagalog of lumban is a well- known product of
the place. Taka or paper mache’ technique of animals. A horse is their favorite subject when
they prepare Taka.

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 Paper Mache’

The people of Pakil celebrate every year (during April and May) a festival called Turumba. In
this festival, they commemorate the seven sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary. This festival is
popularly known also as the Pistang Lupi. This religious celebration is also the longest and
largest of its kind in the Philippines.
Rizal Province
Giant puppets during the Higantes Festival in Angono Rizal, Rizal attract crowd from
different places every third week of November. The Giant puppets or Higantes or paper mache’
of human figures are usually part of the procession during the fiesta.

Giant Puppets

Cavite
In Kawit, Cavite, the people celebrate an important tradition every Christmas season called
Tinis. In this tradition, they narrate the story of how st. Joseph and Mother may found a place to
give birth to Jesus. Karakol dancing is another tradition of Cavitenos. This is part of their fiesta
Celebration.
Batangas
The popular pinya fabric from pineapple fiber is a product of Batangas. This silk pinya cloth
is woven into an elegant and costly barong Tagalog, wedding gown, and other format outfits.
Handkerchief and table cloth are also made out of this pinya/ramie fabric

Barong Tagalog Pinya Cloth Butterfly Knives

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 Making Basilog is another skill of Batangeños. This butterfly knife can be folded like a fan.

Quezon Province
The Pahiyas Festival of Lucban Quezon is celebrated every second week of the month of
may when flowers bloom their sweetness. The celebration is a thanksgiving for a bountiful
harvest. In the town of Lucban, you will see the colorful display of Kipings. This colorful
translucent rice tortilla serves as an edible ornament in almost every house in town. It is free for
all and you can grab all you can.

Colorful display of Kipings in every house in Lucban,

Quezon
Marinduque
Mat weaving from buri or raffia plant is a common craft in Marinduque.
Mindoro
The Iraya Mangyans of Mindoro are skilled in weaving baskets and mats. They make
intricate patterns and designs of animals, men, tress, and other objects on their crafts.

Bay-ong from Mindoro

Romblon
This province is known for its marble tiles, tables, and décor items. The people of Romblon
are also known for their woven mats and bags. These are made from Romblon plants that grow
abundantly in the province.

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Marble products for house, office, and church use

Palawan
The queen of the Philippine prehistoric artifacts was excavated in the cave in Palawan. This
burial jar had tendril designs, two men rowing a wooden boat or banca. The lead cover of the jar
was surmounted by an etched motif it was made by the Tagbanua tribe of Palawan. Its size is
66.5centemetrers in height and 51 centimeters in diameter. It was the earliest primitive pottery
that dated back to early 890-710 BC.
In Palawan, the Tagbanua carve the wooden figure of different animals and birds. These
animals and birds figure are linked to their religion and rituals they offer pig animals and birds
figure rituals. The Tagbanua wooden sculptures are blackened and incised with geometric
designs that bring out the original light tone of the medium.

Manunggul Jar Carved wooden figures of different animals

Folk arts and crafts of the Bicol Region

Bicol Native Products

Bicol is famous for its crafts made from abaca and raffia. They have native bags, slippers,
coin purse, fan, woven trays, placemats, key chains, and other household utility boxes and
souvenir items.
Weaving, an old tradition in Buhi, Camarines Sur, is still alive in the
town. The weavers make blankets, mosquito nets, and garments out of

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cotton. Other craft include bags, fans, trays, mats, and other household utility and decorative
items. Their designs are just simple compared to other weavers from northern cultural
communities.
Bicol is also known for different delicacies from pili nuts. They also celebrate the feast
of Peἥafrancia Viva La Virgin every third week of September in Naga City. This is the biggest
celebration in the Bicol Region with culture and tradition packing it all in their nine-day fiesta of
biblical proportion.

Now that you already understand the folk arts of SouthernPeṅafrancia

Tagalog Region,
Viva let’s
la Virgin
check how much you have learned the topic by answering the following activies below.

LEVELING- UP ACTIVITY
 How Much You Have Learned?
1. What was reflected in the Southern Tagalog and Bicol regions art?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

2. What medium and technique were used by most of their folk artist in making their folk
arts? Why do you think so?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

RUBRICS:
Categories Advance Proficient Emerging
(5) (3) (2)

Content The idea stands out The idea is somewhat The idea is not clear
and is supported by clear but there is a and no supporting
detailed information. need for more information.
supporting
information.

Sentence Structure Sentences are all Sentences have some Sentences are not
grammatically grammatically grammatically
structured. structured. structured.

ARTS 7 PAGE 17
 Word Choice The writer uses vivid The writer uses The writer does not
words and phrases limited words and use words and
that draw pictures in phrases that draw phrases that draw
the reader’s mind. pictures in the pictures in the
reader’s mind. reader’s mind.

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