CHAPTER 2

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RURAL ROAD PLANNING

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Transportation Planning Revision

• Transportation planning is also basic need for

transportation development.

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• The provision and Operation of a transportation system

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requires a continuous planning function to ensure that

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mobility requirement of the community are supplied and

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maintained at a level found to be acceptable to its
member at a economic, social and environmental cost
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within its capabilities.

 Transportation Planning
(one definition)
Activities that:

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1. Collect information on performance

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2. Identify existing and forecast future system

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performance levels
3. Identify solutionsR
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Focus: meet existing and forecast travel demand

2.1 District Transport Planning
• District Transport Planning is generally done through preparation of District Transport Master
Plan (DTMP) which includes the conservation, improvement and new construction of the
District Road Core Network (DRCN) as well as Village Road Core Network (VRCN).
• Government had adopted the policy that each DDC should prepare District Transport Master
Plan (DTMP) and should implement the development of transport infrastructure accordingly.
• DTMP is the reflection of existing transport infrastructure situation and future potential in

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relation with the resources available the District. DTMP essentially covers the rural transport

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infrastructures (RTIs), which are funded, supported and implemented by DDCs.
• The DTMP preparation strongly advocates meaningful participation of all key stakeholders in

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the planning process to make DTMP more acceptable and ensure ownership.
• The preparation process goes through a series of techno-political activities that include

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consultation workshops and interactive meetings with stakeholders to increase participation
of all stakeholders. These activities include district level workshop, District Transport

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Infrastructure Coordination Committee (DTICC) meetings and cluster of Ilaka level
workshops, formal/informal meeting, focus group discussions and transit walk, etc.
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• At every stage, careful consideration is given to ensure access and wider participation of
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representatives from line agencies, major political parties, social leaders, women
organizations, Dalit and Janjati coordination committees, differently able people, chamber of
commerce, transportation association etc. The approach is to work towards consensus
building.
• The DTMP is to be prepared every five years and provides a prioritized list of interventions
for the DRCN that can be carried out with the estimated budget for the 5-year DTMP period.
• Each year the planned interventions are further detailed in the Annual Work Program of the
DDC, adjusting the plan according to the actual budget and requirements.
• The conservation works are further detailed in the Annual Road Maintenance Plan (ARMP)
that defines the maintenance interventions to be carried out in the DRCN and provides
further detail to the general proposal included in the DTMP.
 It used to be District Transport Master plan (DTMP) Now, since
the power is decentralized to local level, So generally local level
conducts Municipal Transport master plan (MTMP) either for Rural

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municipality or other urban municipality.

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Municipal Transport Masterplan (MTMP)

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• It is defined as the process of Identification, classification
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and prioritization of roads within municipality;
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construction, upgrading, maintenance and rehabilitation of

prioritized roads on the basis of approved criteria with
calculation of financial budget.
• The basic approach for the preparation of MTMP is the
bottom up and participatory approach
 2.2 Goal
Improving access to rural areas in order to reduce
transportation cost and time

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Integration of land use and transportation

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Provision of hierarchical and balanced road infrastructure
development
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Sustainable public transportation system
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Standards for road management

Intercity high-speed transportation system
2.3 Objective
Alignment is to pass through maximum of village settlements
lying along the ridges or mid hill slopes rather than valley
bottom.

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Avoid as much as rivers and streams so that construction cost

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can be kept low.

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Alignment to pass through geologically stable area.

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Preference to alignment, where peoples' participation and

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resource conservation approach could be adopted.
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Open up economically active areas to better market access.
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Selection of routes that make possible for local people to extend

the proposed alignment to other villages through local resources
mobilization.
Roads and trails so planned that are possible to interconnect
with other road networks within the district or neighboring
districts so as to achieve an inter district road networks.
2.3 Objective (MTMP)
 Finalize visionary city/village development plan.
 Analyze the accessibility situation.
 Identify and priorities the interventions based on the accessibility

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situation.

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 Prepare Indicative Developmental Potential Map (IDPM).

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 Prepare the Municipality Inventory Map (MIM) of Road networks.

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 Collection of demands for new/rehabilitation transport linkages from

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Municipalities/Settlements based on city development plan.
 Prepare the Perspective Plan of transport services and facilities.
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 Synchronize the draft Perspective Plans of adjoining
VDCs/Municipalities/districts.
 Develop scoring criteria and its approval from Municipality.
 Prepare the five years Municipal Transport Master Plan (MTMP).
 Prepare a realistic physical and financial implementation plan of
prioritized roads for the MTMP period; and
 Prepare Municipal Transport Perspective Plan (MTPP).
2.4 Community/Stakeholders: 4 Key Actors
• The four key actors are
Legislative body

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Executive body

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Judicial body

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Implementing agency
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2.5 Legislative Body
• District Road Coordination Committee (DRCC)
• Consists of representatives of various political parties and
also elected chairperson, Vice chairperson and members.

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MTMP (Road Coordination Committee)

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1 Rural Municipality Mayor Chairperson

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2 Administration Head Member
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.3 Finance office of Rural Muncipality Member
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Member
4 Engineer of Rural Municipality Secretary
5 Planning Officer Member
6 Representative from Political party Member
Representative from Department of Road as well as water
7 supply Member
8 Representative from District coordination committee Member
9 Representative from dalit and backward group Member
2.6 Executive Body
• Complementary committee
• consist of representative of GoN line agencies and civil

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servants in DDC.

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• Provide options to DRCC to aid its decision making.

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• This body doesn't itself approve the plan.
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2.7 Judicial Body
• Ensures lawful planning and implementation and resolves
conflicts through mutual understanding.

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• Settlement of legal disputes.

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• Chief District Officer (CDO)
• District Judge
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2.8 Implementing Agencies
• Implement works
• Provides service and goods.

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 DRTU (District Road Transport Unit)

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 Private sector agencies

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• Non profit organization
 L-NGO
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 CBOs
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 User Group

• Commercial Profit enterprises

 Consultant
 Contractor
 Suppliers
2.9 Steps to prepare DTMP Based on Best practice Report
A. Preparatory Activities
a) Coordination with DDC/DTO:
b) Formation of District Transport Infrastructure Coordination Committee (DTICC):
c) District Level Introductory Workshop for Techno-political Interface:
B. Preparation of Indicative District Potential Map (IDPM)

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a) Data/ Information collection:

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b) District Base Map
c) Market Survey:

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d) Preparation of Indicative Development Potential Map:
e) Presentation and Approval of IDPM:

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C. Preparation of District Inventory Map (DIM)
a) Information Collection:
b)
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GPS Tracking/Inventory Survey of RTI:
Traffic survey:
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d) Preparation of DIM:
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e) Presentation and Approval of DIM:

D. Preparation of District Transport Network
a) Prepare GIS map of Nodal Points:
b) Delineation of Accessible area:
c) Delineation of inaccessible area:
d) Preliminary road network plan for inaccessible area:
e) Synchronization of DNP with DTPP of Adjoining District
f) Presentation of DNP:
g) Cluster of Ilaka level workshop
h) Socio-economic and Technical Survey:
 Contd..
D. Preparation of District Transport Perspective Plan
(DTPP)
a) Data Entry and Analysis:

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b) Scoring System for Prioritization:

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c) Scoring for Prioritization of Proposed New Roads:

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d) Scoring system for Rehabilitation/Upgrading

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e) Preparation of DTPP
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Presentation of Draft DTPP and Approval.
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E. Preparation of five year District Transport Master
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Plan (DTMP)
a) List all transport linkages given in the Perspective Plan
b) Five Year’s Projected Financial Plan
c) Five Year District Transport Master Plan
d) Endorsement of the DTMP
2.10 Actions to prepare DTMP Based on
DOLIDAR Approach [Now DOLI]
A. DISTRICT ROAD CORE NETWORK
a) Inventory of existing roads

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b) Identification of the district road core network

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c) Village roads
B. DATA COLLECTION

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a) Traffic data

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b) DRCN road data
c) Standard costs of interventions
d) Population data
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e) Financial data
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f) General data
C. DTMP PREPARATION
a) Introduction to the district
b) District road inventory
c) District transport perspective plan (DTPP)
d) Cost estimation
e) Cost estimation
f) District transport master plan (DTMP)
g) DTMP approval
2.11 RAP Process
Road Access Program
• Focusing on the poorest districts of Nepal;
• Using sustainable asset management to promote community

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resilience;

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• Working closely with government partners – building capacity within

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both the public and private sector;
• Adopting a pragmatic approach to project implementation –

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recognizing that different districts have different needs which require

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different kinds of support.
key objectives:
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• Building capacity for management of sustainable rural transport
infrastructure in Nepal;
• Creating employment for the poor and disadvantaged;
• Improving access to goods and services by developing a more
resilient rural transport network;
• Improving access to economic opportunities through training, income
generation activities, building economic infrastructure, and
development of the private sector.
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2.12 Planning Process

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 Technical Terminologies
Camber
 It is the convexity given to the cross section of the surface of the
carriageway to facilitate drainage.
Horizontal curve

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 It is the curve in the plain to change the direction of the centerline of the

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road.

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Vertical curve
 It is the curve in longitudinal section of a roadway to provide for easy and

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safe change of gradient.
Hairpin bend
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 It is a bend in alignment resulting in reversal of direction of flow of traffic. A
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bend may be of reversing road direction on same face of the hill slope.
Ruling minimum radius of curve
 It is the minimum radius of curvature of the centerline of a curve necessary
to negotiate a curve at ruling minimum design speed.
Absolute minimum radius of curve
 It is the minimum radius of centerline of a curve necessary to negotiate a
curve at ruling minimum design speed.
 Contd..
Ruling Gradient
 It is the maximum gradient within which designer attempt to design the
vertical profile of a road.
Limiting Gradient
 It is gradient steeper than a ruling gradient and may be used in restricted
lengths where maintaining ruling gradient is not feasible

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Exceptional gradient
 It is a steeper than a limiting gradient which may be used in short

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stretches only in extraordinary situation.

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Roadway width

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 It is the sum total of carriageway width and shoulder width on either side.
It is exclusive of parapets and side drains.
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Road lane width
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 It refers to the width of carriageway width and shoulder width on either

side. It is exclusive of parapets and side drains.
Road lane width
 It refers to the width of the carriageway of the road in terms of traffic
lane.
Formation width
 It is the finished width of earthwork in fill or cut.
 Contd…
 Sight distance
 It is the distance along the road surface at which a driver can see objects (stationary
or moving) at a specified height above the carriageway.
 Super elevation
 It is the inward tilt or traverse inclination given to the section of a carriageway on a
horizontal curve to reduce the effects of centrifugal force on a moving vehicle. Super
elevation is generally expressed as slope.

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