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    History and Scope of Forensic Science

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    Muhammad Faizan
    Forensic science has its origins in ancient China and 19th century Europe, with important early figures including Jean Servais Stas who developed methods for detecting poisons like nicotine in the body. Major advances were made in this era including the Marsh test for detecting arsenic and methods for identifying blood. Techniques like analyzing rifling patterns on bullets and fingerprint analysis became important forensic tools in the 20th century.

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    History and Scope of Forensic Science

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    Muhammad Faizan
    402 views13 pages
    Forensic science has its origins in ancient China and 19th century Europe, with important early figures including Jean Servais Stas who developed methods for detecting poisons like nicotine in the body. Major advances were made in this era including the Marsh test for detecting arsenic and methods for identifying blood. Techniques like analyzing rifling patterns on bullets and fingerprint analysis became important forensic tools in the 20th century.

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    Analytical chemistry

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    history and scope of forensic science

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    Forensic science has its origins in ancient China and 19th century Europe, with important early figures including Jean Servais Stas who developed methods for detecting poisons like nicotine in the body. Major advances were made in this era including the Marsh test for detecting arsenic and methods for identifying blood. Techniques like analyzing rifling patterns on bullets and fingerprint analysis became important forensic tools in the 20th century.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    402 views13 pages

    History and Scope of Forensic Science

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Faizan
    Forensic science has its origins in ancient China and 19th century Europe, with important early figures including Jean Servais Stas who developed methods for detecting poisons like nicotine in the body. Major advances were made in this era including the Marsh test for detecting arsenic and methods for identifying blood. Techniques like analyzing rifling patterns on bullets and fingerprint analysis became important forensic tools in the 20th century.

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    Forensic science

    History and Scope


    Early History
    • In 1248, a book in China with the Title “Hsi Yuan Lu”
    means washing away the wrongs was written.
    • Mentioned that Strangulation and death by drowning can
    be differentiated.
    • Jean Servais Stas (1813-18891) is known to work in the
    field of forensic science, same personality who
    determine atomic.
    • Work of Sir Arther conan Doyle (1859-1930) who wrote
    famous fictional novels “Sherlock Holmes” and other
    short stories.
    • Advances in 19th century.
    Doyle is shaved. Stas is the
    other one.
    “Achievements of Stas”
    • Described methods for detecting certain
    vegetable poisons in the body.
    • Developed the method for detecting
    nicotine in the human body which is the
    main work of Stas in his life.
    • Nicotine is an alkaloid ( soluble both in
    alcohols and water).
    How Nicotine was determined
    in the dead bodies by Stas?
    1. Macerated organs until to pulp and then
    added acid or alcohol.
    2. Heated that pulp until organic
    constituents precipitated out leaving
    alkaloids behind in the soln.
    3. When added water to the residue,
    alkaloids dissolved.
    4. Recovered alkaloids by evaporating
    water.
    Advances in 19th century

    • Tests for blood.


    • Bullet finger printing 1880s.
    • Marsh test for arsenic in 1832.
    Tests for bloods
    • “Shonbein” identified human blood by
    adding Hydrogen peroxide to bloodstain
    foams in 1863.
    • “Izaak van Deen” determined a method to
    check the presence of blood by adding
    ‘Guaiac’ herd that change its colour.
    Marsh Test
    • As2O3 a gray substance, tasteless solid,
    can easily be added to food as poison was
    very popular among criminals.
    • Jabir Bin Hayan (721-815) converted
    arsenic into As2O3.
    • Marsh in 1832 developed a test for
    identification of arsenous oxide in body
    fluids. Simple, by passing H2S through
    body fluids, if turned yellow, case is
    positive
    • Marsh showed the jury evidence of
    yellowish body fluid as a evidence of
    As2O3.
    • But the jury decided to go with the criminal
    as there was not the clear observation of
    gray solid.
    • He was disappointed and spent 4 years in
    developing a fool proof test.
    Marsh’s fool proof Method for
    detecting As2O3
    1. Adding pure zinc and H2SO4 to sample.
    If arsenous oxide is present, it will directly be
    reduced by Zn.

    2. Formation of Arsine gas. (AsH3)


    3. Then this gas is allowed to pass through
    heated tube. Heat causes the arsine to
    decompose, yielding a silvery-black film of
    elemental As and H2.

    - Main drawback is that all compounds


    should be in there pure form, a slight change
    can alter the result drastically.
    Riffling Patterns and ballistic
    finger printing
    • There are special grooves in gun barrel to
    cause the rotatory motion of bullet.
    • These grooves form patterns on the
    bullets, which is known as riffling patterns
    and used in the identification.
    • In 1920s, a U.S army major (Calvin
    Goddard) invented a microscope to
    compare the patterns of two bullets.
    Scope of forensic Chemistry
    • A lot of things to discuss but mainly two
    are of vital importance and used
    extensively.
    1. Criminalistics is the scientific analysis and
    examination of physical evidence, its
    interpretation and its presentation in
    court.
    2. Finger print patterns.

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