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    Origin of Criminology

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    ShiekhDani
    This document provides an overview of the origins and development of criminology as a field of study. It discusses key figures like Raffaele Garofalo who coined the term "criminology" in 1885. The document outlines different schools of thought in criminology including the Classical school founded in the 18th century focusing on free will and deterrence, and the Positivist school founded in the 19th century emphasizing biological, psychological and social causes of crime outside an individual's control. Prominent positivist thinkers like Cesare Lombroso are mentioned who linked certain physical traits to criminal tendencies.

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    Origin of Criminology

    Uploaded by

    ShiekhDani
    578 views21 pages
    This document provides an overview of the origins and development of criminology as a field of study. It discusses key figures like Raffaele Garofalo who coined the term "criminology" in 1885. The document outlines different schools of thought in criminology including the Classical school founded in the 18th century focusing on free will and deterrence, and the Positivist school founded in the 19th century emphasizing biological, psychological and social causes of crime outside an individual's control. Prominent positivist thinkers like Cesare Lombroso are mentioned who linked certain physical traits to criminal tendencies.

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    Criminology

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    This document provides an overview of the origins and development of criminology as a field of study. It discusses key figures like Raffaele Garofalo who coined the term "criminology" in 1885. The document outlines different schools of thought in criminology including the Classical school founded in the 18th century focusing on free will and deterrence, and the Positivist school founded in the 19th century emphasizing biological, psychological and social causes of crime outside an individual's control. Prominent positivist thinkers like Cesare Lombroso are mentioned who linked certain physical traits to criminal tendencies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    578 views21 pages

    Origin of Criminology

    Uploaded by

    ShiekhDani
    This document provides an overview of the origins and development of criminology as a field of study. It discusses key figures like Raffaele Garofalo who coined the term "criminology" in 1885. The document outlines different schools of thought in criminology including the Classical school founded in the 18th century focusing on free will and deterrence, and the Positivist school founded in the 19th century emphasizing biological, psychological and social causes of crime outside an individual's control. Prominent positivist thinkers like Cesare Lombroso are mentioned who linked certain physical traits to criminal tendencies.

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    You are on page 1of 21

    Origin of criminology

    In 1885,Italian law professor Raffaele


    Garofalo coined the term criminology.
    The French anthropologist Paul
    Topinard used it for the first time in
    French(criminologie)
    around the same time.

    Definition
    The scientific study of crime ,
    criminal behavior and law
    enforcement.
    The study of the making of laws and
    the breaking of laws and reaction to
    the breaking of laws.

    Study areas of criminology

    Crime.
    How society respond to crimes.
    How crimes can be prevented.
    Causes of crimes(psychological ,
    hereditary and environmental)
    Modes of criminal investigation and
    conviction.
    Punishment.

    Contin------- To analyze the effectiveness of


    punishment.
    Treatment or rehabilitation.

    Schools of thoughts
    In the mid 18th century criminology
    arose , as social philosophers gave
    thought to crime and concepts of
    law.
    Over the time , several schools of
    thought developed all around the
    world . The leading schools of
    thought are,

    Classical school
    Developed in mid 18th century.
    Based on utilitarian(useful or practical)
    philosophy.
    People have free will to choose how to act.
    Punishment can deter people from
    committing crime.
    The benefits which are gained through
    punishment are more precious than the
    punishment awarded.

    Contin----- Severity of punishment should fit the


    crime.
    Classical school of thought came
    about a time when major reforms in
    penology occurred , with prisons
    developed as a form of punishment.
    Death penalty is justified.

    Chief exponents
    Cesare Beccaria
    Jeremy Bentham

    Arguments by school
    People have free will to choose how
    to act or people are free to choose
    means to satisfy their needs.
    Criminal solution may be more
    attractive than conventional.
    Fear of society , s reaction may
    control a person , s criminal behavior.

    Contin----- The more severe , certain and swift


    the reaction , the better it can control
    criminals behavior.
    Sufficient punishment is an attractive
    choice to prevent crime.

    The main stress


    The classical school of criminology
    stresses that the punishment should
    fit the crime committed.

    Positivist school
    Created in 19th century.
    People do not have free will to
    choose between different options.
    Replacement of punishment by
    scientific methods for the protection
    of society.
    Emphasis on the personality of the
    offender instead of crime.
    Abolition of death penalty.

    Conti.
    Criminal behavior is caused by internal
    and external factors outside of the
    individual control.
    Scientific method was introduced and
    applied to study human behavior.
    Positivism can be broken into three
    segments.
    Biological
    Psychological
    Social positivism

    Chief exponents
    Cesare Lombroso.
    Enrico Ferri.

    Cesare Lombroso
    An Italian prison doctor.
    Regarding as father of criminology.
    Founder of Italian school of
    criminology.
    Considered as the founder of criminal
    anthropology.

    Presumption of Lambroso
    During a post-mortem examination
    on a notorious out law , he was
    struck by an abnormal feature in the
    skull which he had noticed also in
    some other forms of life.
    This prompted him to believe that
    animals were different physically
    from normal persons and had
    physical characteristic of savages
    and inferior animals.

    Conti
    Physiological traits such as,
    measurement of ones cheek bones,
    hairs line or a cleft plate, considered
    to be throwback to Neanderthal
    man, were indicative of atavistic
    criminal tendencies.

    Some of the characteristics linked to


    criminal behavior
    Deviation in the criminals head size and
    shape;
    Asymmetry of the face;
    Large jaws and cheek bones;
    Fleshy lips;
    Abnormal teeth;
    Receding chin;
    Abundant hair or wrinkles;
    Long arms and extra fingers or toes;

    conclusion
    Since many of these characteristics
    supported his theory, he concluded
    that criminal offenders had physical
    characteristics that resembled those
    of lower animals, such as monkeys
    and chimpanzees.

    Continu.

    Continu.

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