MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY

SSET
MSM 131 MATHEMATICS 1 - Tutorial Sheet 1
September 2017

1. Write down the elements of each of the following sets:

(a) V = set of all prime numbers divisible by 2. (b) X = {x|x2 =
9, 2x = 4} (c)W = {x|x ∈ N, 5 < x < 6} (d)Y = {x|x 6= x} (e)
Z = {x|x + 8 = 8}

2. Let Ω = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}, A = {a, e, g}, B = {b, c, e, f } and C =

{e, f, g}.

(a) Find
i. A ∩ B’
ii. C −B
iii. B0 ∪ C
iv. (Ω − C) ∩ (A − B)
(b) Verify
i. the associative laws: A ∩ (B ∩ C) = (A ∩ B) ∩ C and A ∪ (B ∪
C) = (A ∪ B) ∪ C.
ii. the distributive laws: A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) and
A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C).
iii. De Morgan?s laws: (A ∪ B)0 = A0 ∩ B 0 and (A ∩ B)0 = A0 ∪ B 0 .

3. Given that Ω = {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, X ={Even numbers in Ω},

Y= {Prime numbers in Ω}and Z = {−2, 3, 5, 6}, find;
(a)X’ (b) (X ∩Y )0 (c) (X ∪Y )0 (d) Y Z (e) X ∩(Y Z) (f) the cardinality
of X ∪ Y (g) the cardinality of Y × Z.

4. (a) If A ⊂ B, simplify if possible A∪B, A0 ∪B 0 , A∪B 0 and A ∩(A∪B).

(b) Simplify (X ∩ Y ) ∪ (X ∩ Y 0 ) and Y ∪ (X ∩ Y ).

5. Given that A and B are disjoint sets, simplify the following: (a) A0 ∪ B 0
(b) (A ∪ B)0 (c) (A ∩ B)0

6. Given the sets A = {a, b, c, e, f }, B = {d, a, c, h} and C = {f, e, k} find

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 (a) the power set P (C).
(b) the cardinality of P (C).
(c) A0 ∩ B 0 .
(d) B × C
(e) (A \ B 0 )0

7. Illustrate the following sets using a Venn diagram:

(a) A ∩ B 0 (b) (A ∩ B)0 (c) (A ∩ B 0 ) ∪ (A0 ∩ B) (d) (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ B 0 )

8. (a) Express the following in the form ab , where a and b are integers with no
common factors other than 1 (b 6= 0):
(i) 0.333 . . . (ii) 0.16 (iii) 2.143 (iv) 2.590 (v) 1.171717 . . .
(vi) −4.357 (vii) 11.34 (viii) 2.21 (ix) 7.452 (x) 0.03
(b) Let A = {x ∈ R| − 5 ≤ x < 2} and B = {x ∈ R|x ≥ −1}. Write out the
sets A and B as intervals and find A ∩ B, A0 and B 0 .

9. Of 8 equal candidates for a job, 3 are qualified accountants, 4 are graduates

and 2 have neither of these qualifications. Use a Venn diagram to display this
information.

10. List the elements of each of the following sets:

(a) A = {x ∈ N|x < 5}

(b) B = {x|x is a negative integer greater than −3}
√
(c) C = {x ∈ Z|x > −2} ∩ {1, 2, 3.14, 7}
(d) D = {x|x = 3k + 2 for k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
√ √
11. Given that A = {−4, 14 , − 2, 0.3, √13 , 0.3, 2, 3}, list the elements of the fol-
lowing subsets of A:

(a) Natural numbers

(b) Integers
(c) Rational numbers
(d) Irrational numbers
(e) Real numbers

12. Let A = {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2}. List the elements of X = {3x2 + 1|x ∈ A} and
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Y = { x−1 |x ∈ A}.

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13. Given that A = {a, e, u}, B = {o, u} and C = {a, i, o, u}, find

(a) A × (B ∪ C)
(b) (A × B) ∪ (A × C)
(c) A × (B ∩ C)
(d) (A × B) ∩ (A × C)

14. A survey of 550 workers in a large industrial plant indicated that 350 owned
their own houses, 410 owned cars, 400 owned television sets, 310 owned cars and
television sets, 250 owned cars and houses, 270 owned houses and television
sets and 200 owned all three assets. Use a Venn diagram to illustrate this
information.

15. A survey was conducted among a group of 60 first year business students at
Mulungushi University as to their favourite newspapers. The results were as
follows: 19 of the students read the Financial Times, 18 read the Daily Mail,
50 read the Post, 13 read both the Financial Times and the Daily Mail, 11
read both the Daily Mail and the Post, 13 read both the Financial Times and
the Post and 9 read all three newspapers.

(a) Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate this information.

(b) How many students read none of the three newspapers?
(c) How many students read only the Post?
(d) How many students read the Financial Times and the Daily Mail but not
the Post?

16. A local school has 100 students and offers three courses to its students: Calculus
(C), English (E) and History (H). The enrolment breakdown is as shown in the
accompanying table.

(a) Represent this information using a Venn diagram. (3 marks)

(b) How many students
i. are not enrolled in any of the three courses? (1 mark)
ii. are enrolled in History only? (1 mark)
iii. are not enrolled in English? (2 marks)

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 Course(s) No. of students
All three courses 12
Calculus and English 15
Calculus 40
English and History 18
English 38
Calculus and History 27
History but not English 25

17. Of the 200 candidates who were interviewed for a position at a call center, 100
had a two-wheeler, 70 had a credit card and 140 had a mobile phone. 40 of
them had both a two-wheeler and a credit card, 30 had both a credit card and
a mobile phone and 60 had both a two-wheeler and mobile phone and 10 had
all three. How many candidates had none of the three?

18. In a class of 40 students, 12 enrolled for both English and German and 22
enrolled for German. If the students of the class enrolled for at least one of the
two subjects, how many students enrolled for only English and not German?
Illustrate using a Venn diagram.

19. In a class 40% of the students enrolled for Mathematics and 70% enrolled
for Economics. If 15% of the students enrolled for both Mathematics and
Economics, what percentage of the students in the class did not enroll for
either of the two subjects?

20. Given the set S = {−2, 0, 2}, show that the operation ∗ defined by a∗b, ∀ a, b ∈
S is NOT a binary operation on S.

21. For the set S and ∗ defined below, determine if ∗ is a binary operation on S.
Given reasons if your answer is NO.

(a) S = N, a ∗ b = ab
(b) S = {. . . , −3, −1, 1, 3, . . . } (the odd integers), a ∗ b = ab and a ∗ b = a + b

For each of the operations for which the answer is YES, determine whether the
binary operation is associative or commutative.

a+b
22. A binary operation ∗ is defined on Q by a ∗ b = a−b
. Find 2 ∗ 3 and 3 ∗ 2.

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23. Using the associative and distributive properties of intersections and unions of
sets, show that for any two sets A and B,

(a) (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B 0 ) = A
(b) (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B 0 ) ∪ (A0 ∩ B) = A ∪ B
(c) (A ∩ B) ∪ (A0 ∩ B) = B
(d) A ∪ (A0 ∩ B) = A ∪ B

24. For the following binary operations ∗ defined on a set S, determine whether or
not ∗ is associative or commutative:

(a) S = Z, a ∗ b = a − b
(b) S = Q, a ∗ b = 21 (a + b)
(c) S = N, a ∗ b = b
(d) S = Z, a ∗ b = a + 2b + 3
(e) S = Z, a ∗ b = 1 + ab
(f) S = Z+ , a ∗ b = ab
a
(g) S = R − {−1}, a ∗ b = b+1

25. Given that X, Y and Z are sets, simplify the following if possible

(a) [X 0 ∪ (Y ∩ Z)]0
(b) Y 0 ∩ (X ∪ Y )
(c) Y ∪ (X ∩ Y )

26. Let Ω = (−9, 9), A = (−1, 5], B = [−5, 3] and C = [−1, 7]. Find each of the
following sets and display it on the number line:
(a) A0 (b) (A ∩ B)0 (c) B \ A (d) (A ∪ C)0 (e) A ∩ (B \ C)

27. Given that Ω = (−6, 9], A = [−1, 4], B = (−2, 5) and C = [−1, 6], find
following sets:
(a) A ∩ B (b) Ω \ C (c) A ∪ B 0 (d) (A ∪ C)0 (e) B \ C

28. Determine whether each of the following is a binary operation on the given set:
x−y
(a) For x, y ∈ R, define x ∗ y = x2 +y

(b) For m, n ∈ Z, define m ∗ n = 1

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 (c) For ab , dc ∈ Q, where a, b, c, d ∈ Z (b 6= 0, d 6= 0), define a
b
∗ c
d
= 2ad+3bc
bd

29. Consider the binary operation ∧ on the set S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by a ∧ b =

min{a, b}. Write down the operation table of the operation ∧.

30. If S and T are disjoint sets, simplify if possible:

(a) S 0 ∩ T 0 (b) S 0 ∪ T 0 (c) (S ∩ T )0 (d) (S ∪ T )0

31. If x ∗ y = xy + x + y, solve the equations:

(a) x ∗ y = 19 (b) (x ∗ 3) + (2 ∗ x) = 40 (c) x ∗ x = 48
√
32. If x ∗ y = xy, where the positive square root is taken, find 2 ∗ 18 and 18 ∗ 2.
What does this tell us about the operation ∗?