DAY 12 Dec 8, 1941 invaded the PH

CAUSES OF JAPANESE COLONIZATION OF THE PHILIPPINES Clark Air Base was first attacked and Nichols Field outside Manila

 Japan wanted to become the leader of Asian nations Japanese landed at Lingayen Gulf
o Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Jan 2, 1942 Manila was occupied
 Asian countries would become cooperating
members of the union Gen. Douglas MacArthur
 Source of raw materials for Japan
 Declared Manila an open city
Dec 7, 1941  Retreated with his troops to Bataan
 Escaped to Corregidor the proceeded to Australia
 Bombing of Pearl Harbor
 Hit the naval station in Cavite and Clark Air Field Commonwealth Government withdrew to Corregidor Island

Second World War (1941-1945) Apr 9, 1942

 Worst war in our country  Joint American and Filipino soldiers in Bataan surrendered
 Worst war in the world
Death March
 Japan occupied the country for 3 years. (1942-1945)
 76,000 captured soldiers were forced to embark to a prison camp
Puppet government
more than 100 km north.
 The second Philippine republic  An estimated 10,000 prisoners died due to thirst, hunger and
exhaustion.
May 7, 1845
HUKBALAHAP (Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon)
 War in EU ended
 Germany surrendered to the Allied Nations  Some farmers of Pampanga created local brigades for their
protection.
Aug 6, 1945
February 1942 | Cabiao, Nueve Ecija
 First atomic bomb was dropped in the city of Hiroshima
 Luis Taruc, Juan Feleo, Castro Alejandrino
Japanese surrendered on Aug 15, 1945
 Agreed to fight the Japanese as a unified guerilla army
Taruc – Leader
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Alejandrino – right hand man
Members – Huks
 Mickey Mouse Money – currency used
 Malnutrition was rampant
 Kangkong – common food to fight hunger
THE SECOND REPUBLIC
DURING WW II
Sept. 20, 1943  Taken over Quezon as president after the latter past way at Saranac
Lake, New York on Aug 1944
 KALIBAPI (Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas)
 Oct 23 – 26, 1944 americans engaged Japanese forces in the Battle
o Under Benigno Aquino Sr.
of Leyte Gulf (biggest naval battle in World History)
o Elect 54 members of the legislative body
o Made up of 108 members; half are incumbent governors Lt. Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita
and city mayors
 Supreme Commander of the Japanese troops in Manila
o Jose P. Laurel – elected president
o Benigno Aquino Sr and Ramon Avancena – vice-presidents Kamikazes – Japanese Suicide Pilots
o Inaugurated on October 14, 1943
 Japanese started using propaganda to gain trust and confidence of
Filipinos who refused to cooperate with them. Day 13
“the Philippines belong to the Filipinos”
DAY 14
Sept 21, 1944
Multiperspectivity
 Bombings began when allied forces advanced toward the
 Approach in history that refers to a way of looking at historical
Philippines
events, personalities, developments, cultures, and societies from
Oct 20, 1944 different perspectives.

 Americans landed triumphantly in Leyte Historical writing – biased, partial, and contains preconceptions
 MacArthur said “I have returned”
Historians:
SERGIO OSMENA | PRESIDENT DURING COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
 What sources to use
 He was part of MacArthur’s group  May interpret evidence
 Omit significant facts
 Impose a certain ideology
 Provide a single cause for an event

Homonhon

 A place in the Philippines named by Magellan as “Watering Place of

Good Omen” due to the presence of springs and gold

Butuan

 Aside from Limasawa, a place which has long been believed as the
site of the First Mass in the Philippines
Francisco Albo o Deodato Arellano – Secretary
 A governing body with 3 councils was established
 Pilot of Trinidad
o Supreme council
 Logged an account of Magellan’s expedition
o Judicial council
 One of the 18 survivors who returned with Sebastian Elcano on the
o Popular council
ship Victoria.
 Ten centavos as monthly due
Antonio Pigafetta  Gen Eulogio Despujol – order to deport Rizal to Dapitan
FALL OF THE LIGA
 Primo viaggio intomo al mondo (First Voyage Around the World)
 Reorganized by Andres Bonifacio and Domingo Franco
 Member of the Magellan expedition
 New officers:
 Eye witness of the events, particularly, the First Mass
o Domingo Franco – president
 A venetian scholar
o Deodato Arevalo – Secretary-Treasurer
o Isidro Francisco – Fiscal
o Juan Zulueta and Timoteo Paez – members of Supreme
DAY 15
Council
La Liga Filipina  La Liga split into two
 Cuerpo de Compromisarios
 Created in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya St., Tondo,
 Rich members decided to continue supporting La
Manila in 1892
Solidaridad
 An organization derived from La solidaridad and the Propaganda
 KKK or Katipunan
Movement
Aimed to: La Solidaridad – Propaganda Movement own newspaper
o Unite the whole country
The Soli – reformist fondly called
o Protect and assist all members
o Fight violence and injustice Nov 15, 1895 – first issue published
o Support education
Graciano Lopez Jaena – first editor of La Solidaridad
o Study and implement reforms
Marcelo H. Del Pilar took over in Oct 1889
Purpose:

o To build a new group sought to involve the people

directly in the reform movement

 Elected officers:
o Ambrosio Salvador – president DAY 17
o Agustin Dela Rosa – Fiscal
Mutiny a revolt or rebellion against an authority
o Bonifacio Arevalo – Treasurer
Cavite Mutiny  country is considered as a “public matter”
 power attained through democracy, oligarchy or autocracy
 A major factor in the awakening of nationalism among the Filipinos
 Republican believes economic equity
 Related to the execution of GOMBURZA; tagged as the masterminds
Mariano Gomez Democracy
Jose Burgos
 “rule by the people”
Jacinto Zamora
 Citizen exercise power by voting
o They were executed by garrote
Direct democracy – citizen as a whole
Cry of Pugad Lawin Shrine Indirect democracy – citizen elect representatives
 Democrat believes class equity
 Pugad Lawin Historical committee created in 1983
 To locate the residence of Juan Ramos, son of Mechora
Aquino
Presidents of the Philippines
 Also known as Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin
Emilio Aguinaldo
Cry of Balintawak was celebrated every 26th of August
 Pres. Of First Philippine republic
DAY 18
 Started as a member of Magdalo chapter in Cavite
First Principle of the 1987 PH Constitution  Elected pres. as revolutionary govt. at Tejeros Convention and
later Biak-na-bato republic
Sec. 1 The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty
 Proclaimed Philippine Independence at Kawit
resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.
Manuel L. Quezon

 First Filipino Pres. of commonwealth under American Rule

 Advocating Filipino-Language amendments
 Father of the national Language

Jose P. Laurel

 Pres. Of the Second Republic

 Secretary of the interior
 Senator
 Delegate to the Constitutional Convention
 Chief Justice during commonwealth
 Defended Filipino Interest and resisted Japanese efforts
 In third republic, he was elected senator and negotiated the
Laurel-Langley Agreement
Republic
Sergio Osmena, Sr.
  First Filipino national leader under America regime  Led the opposition that overthrew the government of Marcos
 Second president of the Philippines  Established a revolutionary government under the Freedom
 Bell Trade Act Constitution
 Series of natural disasters such as the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo
Manuel Roxas
Fidel V. Ramos
 Last president of the Philippine Commonwealth
 First president of the republic  Head of the constabulary under Marcos
 Surplus war property scandal  Joined people’s power revolution
 Remembered for better integrating the national economy in
Elpidio Quirino
the global scheme
 Vice pres. During Manuel Roxas term
Joseph Estrada
 Secretary of foreign affairs
 Became pres. When Roxas died  He was arrested and stood trials at a congressional
 First president to undergo an impeachment trial impeachment hearing on charges of accepting bribes and
corruption.
Ramon Magsaysay
 Impeached of plunder and perjury case
 Quirino’s secretary of defense
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
 Persuaded the congress to pass the Agricultural Tenancy Act
 Retail Trade Nationalization Act was passed during his term  Vice-pres during Estrada
 Secured revisions in the Bell Trade Act  Confronted same obstacles as did her father
 Revise the US Military Bases Agreement  “hello garci” controversy

Carlos P. Garcia Benigno Aquino III

 Remembered for his Filipino First Policy  A scion of a famed political family
 One of the founders of the Association for Southeast Asia
Rodrigo Duterte
 Precursor of the Association for Southeast Asian Nations
 Nickname is Digong
Diosdado Macapagal
 A lawyer and politician of Visayan descent
 Asked congress to pass the Agricultural Land Reform code  Secured financial support from Japan and promises from
 Stonehill scandal Russia
 Aligning Asian values
Ferdinand Marcos
 Fight against drugs
 Declared Martial Law  Uplifting the status of the indigenous people and Muslim
 Ill-gotten wealth brothers
 Putting end to ENDO
Corazon Cojuangco Aquino  Notice on corrupt government officials
  Securing fishing privileges for Filipinos  "Kamalayan '86"
o a series of prayer rallies and consciousness-
DAY 19
raising seminars funded by anti-Marcos businessmen
 Jose Ma. Sison organized new Communist Party of the led by Jaime Ongpin, to impress the need for clean and
Philippines (CPP) to take over the struggle from the old honest elections upon members of the military.
Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP)  NAMFREL (National Movement for Free Elections)
 (Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan) o the largest political gathering in the nation's history
 led by Bernabe Buscayno (Kumander Dante)
Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP)
 known as the New People's Army (NPA).

1971
EDSA People Power’s Revolution | Feb 25, 1986
 In June, the Constitutional Convention began to rewrite
the 1935 Constitution.  Bloodless revolution
 August, Plaza Miranda was bombed,  A significant event that has been engraved in the hearts and
minds of every Filipinos
1972
DATE EVENTS SUMMARY OF EVENTS
 September 22, declared martial law
Ninoy was shot at the
. back of his head by an
Assassination of
Aug 21, 1983 unknown gunman while
 Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) Ninoy Aquino
disembarking from the
o led by Imelda Marcos plane
 Lakas ng Bayan (LABAN) After much prodding from
o led by Ninoy Aquino from his prison cell. US, Marcos announced
Marcos announced
Nov 3, 1985 the snap election to prove
the snap election
that he has still the
mandate from the people
1981
Cory declared that she
 Pope John Paul II's first visit to the Philippines will run for president after
Dec 3, 1985 Cory’s announcement receiving from the people
more than 1 million
signatures
 Lt. Col. Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan with four others
Thousands of people
founded the AFP Reform Movement, later known as the
attended the meeting de
RAM. Feb 4, 1986 Meeting de avance
avance of Aquino-Laurel
 UNIDO (United Nationalist Democratic Organization) tandem
 PDP-LABAN (Pilipino Democratic Party-Lakas ng Feb 7, 1986 Snap election Millions of Filipino casted
Bayan). Joaquin "Chino" Roces launched the "Cory their votes in a snap
Aquino for President Movement" (CAPM). election marred with
 massive cheating
COMELEC declared
Feb 16, 1986 Victory of Marcos Marcos as winner in the
snap election
Defection of Enrile & Enrile & Ramos withdrew
Feb 22, 1986
Ramos their support for Marcos
Thousands of Filipinos
heed the call of Jaime
Feb 23, 1986 Heeding the Call
Cardinal Sin to join the
rally at EDSA
The human barricade led
by nuns and priests
Feb 24, 1986 Tanks vs. Nuns
confronted the APC of the
military
Cory took her oath of
Feb 25, 1986 office before Supreme
Cory’s Oath taking
(morning) Court Justice Claudio
Teehanke
Four US helicopters
Feb 25, 1986 fetched Marcos and his
Marcos fled to Hawaii
(evening family from Malacañang
Palace

DAY 20

Philippine Constitutions:
1899 Constitution

1935 Constitution

1943 Constitution

1973 Constitution

1986 Provisional "Freedom" Constitution

1987 Constitution