PE In his Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein argued

that the elements of games, such as play, rules, and

WEEK 1
competition, all fail to adequately define what games
Before we go to indoor games, let’s define first the are. From this, Wittgenstein concluded that people
word Game. apply the term game to a range of despairing. human
activities that bear to one another only what one might
A game is a structured form of play, usually undertaken call family resemblances. As the following game
for entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an definitions show, this conclusion was not a final one and
educational tool. Games are distinct from work, which is today many philosophers, like Thomas Hurka, think that
usually carried out for remuneration, and from art, Wittgenstein was wrong and that Bernard Suits'
which is more often an expression of aesthetic or definition is a good answer to the problem.
ideological elements. However, the distinction is not
clear-cut, and many games are also considered to be From Anthony Kenny’s book ‘Wittgenstein’ (1973):
work (such as professional players of spectator sports or Wittgenstein define the game; This feature of ‘game’ is
games) or art (such as jigsaw puzzles or games involving one which Wittgenstein believed it shared with
an artistic layout such as Mahjong, solitaire, or some ‘language’, and this made it particularly appropriate to
video games). A game is any activity that is executed call particular mini-languages ‘language-games’. There
only for pleasure and without conscious purpose. In this were others. Most importantly, even though not all
definition, every activity that brings pleasure is a game. games have rules, the function of rules in many games
For example, people dance, play musical instruments, has similarities with the function of rules in the
act in plays, and play with dolls and model trains. It is language (pg 63, 77). Language-games, like games, need
also a form of competitive activity or sport played have no external goal; they can be autonomous
according to rules activities (pg 184; z 320).”

Games are sometimes played purely for enjoyment, Roger Caillois

sometimes for achievement or reward as well. They can French sociologist Roger Caillois, in his book Les jeux et
be played alone, in teams, or online; by amateurs or by les hommes (Games and Men), defined a game as an
professionals. The players may have an audience of activity that must have the following characteristics:
non-players, such as when people are entertained by
watching a chess championship. On the other hand, Fun: the activity is chosen for its light-hearted character
players in a game may constitute their own audience as Separate: it is circumscribed in time and place
they take their turn to play in order for them to
motivate in playing the game. Often, part of the Uncertain: the outcome of the activity is unforeseeable
entertainment for children playing a game is deciding Non-productive: participation does not accomplish
who is part of their audience and who is a player. anything useful.
Key components of games are goals, rules, challenge, Governed by Rules: the activity has rules that are
and interaction. Games generally involve mental or different from everyday life
physical stimulation, and often both because having
these factors help you to construct and think ideas to Fictitious: It involves make-believe that confirms for
play and also problemsolving to understand what’s the players the existence of imagined realities that may be
main goal of the game. Many games help develop set against
practical skills, serve as a form of exercise, or otherwise
'real life.
perform an educational, simulational, or psychological
role.

Definitions of Game According to: Chris Crawford

Game designer Chris Crawford defined the term in the
Ludwig Wittgenstein
context of computers using a series of dichotomies:
Ludwig Wittgenstein was probably the first academic
philosopher to address the definition of the word game.
Creative expression is art if made for its own beauty, is important to have playmates in playing
and entertainment if made for money. indoor games to have a good flow and
understanding to each other to attain that
If no goals are associated with a plaything, it is a toy.
objective.
(Crawford notes that by his definition, (a) a toy can
become a game element if the player makes A piece of WHAT IS INDOOR GAME?
entertainment is a plaything if it is interactive. Movies
Indoor games are a variety of structured forms of play
and books are cited as examples of non-interactive
or competitive physical activity, typically carried out
entertainment.
either in the home or in specially constructed indoor.
up rules and (b) The Sims and SimCity are toys, not
According to Oxford advanced learners dictionary
games.) If it has goals, a plaything is a challenge.
indoor games means a game that is played, situated,
Crawford's definition may thus be rendered as an done or used inside a building, for example, an indoor
interactive, goal-oriented activity made for money, with swimming, pool championship, indoor 200metres
active agents to play against, in which players (including championship.it usually means any kind of games or
active agents) can interfere with each other. sports organized in the building or inside the room are
indoor games.

HISTORY
Other definition of Games: Indoor Games involving manufactured toys did not
become as common as homemade playthings among
• "A game is a system in which players engage in
children until the nineteenth century. By the middle of
an artificial conflict, defined by rules, that
the nineteenth century, changing definitions of
results in a quantifiable outcome." (Katie Salen
childhood, as well as increased industrialization and
and Eric Zimmerman). Based on the definition,
urbanization, led to the beginnings of the modern toy
in a certain example of indoor games like board
industry in Europe and the United States, and to the rise
games, you can’t play the game perfectly, there
of leisure.
must be certain rules to be followed in order for
players to determine the winner and loser. Indoor Recreational Activities are the things that you
• "A game is a form of art in which participants, do for fun and enjoyment in the comfort of your home,
termed players, make decisions in order to the gym, or any other covered area. Some examples
manage resources through game tokens in the are: going to the gym, playing board games, doing
pursuit of a goal." (Greg Costikyan) According to indoor yoga, going to art museums, etc.
this definition, some "games" that do not
involve choices, such as Chutes and Ladders,
Candy Land, and War are not technically games
any more than a slot machine is. Based on this
definition, in playing a game, you must
accountable for your resources in order for you
to enjoy more the game but most of the
examples of indoor does not require tokens, it
requires more on thinking and problem-solving
skills.
• "A game is an activity among two or more
independent decision-makers seeking to
achieve their objectives in some limiting
context." (Clark C. Abt). One of the objectives of
a single game is to generate thinking and
problemsolving skills. You can’t achieve the
main goal of the game without playmates, so it
INDOOR Creates happiness, reduces stress
RECREATIONAL INDOOR GAMES While participating in a game, there is always a good
ACTIVITIES amount of laughter. Laughing together and having fun
Indoor Games are can keep the seniors happy and healthy. According to
the variety of (Malgaj,2010), playing stress relief games to reduce
structured and stress is a good way to rid the body and mind of
Recreation is an activity competitive forms of exhaustion, anxiety, and depression. Games relieve
of leisure and often play or physical stress a lot faster than traditional relaxation techniques
activity, that is or methods. Games provide effective and instant stress
done for enjoyment,
usually carried out relief solutions.
amusement, or pleasure either in the home or
and considered to be in specially Why Play Stress Relief Games?
“fun”. constructed indoor. The answer is simple: people feel better when they are
doing something enjoyable. Playing is fun; games induce
happiness and communication, promote cheerfulness
Indoor games can and reduce depression, anxiety and worries. Playing
The word literally tells be categorized into games for at least 30 minutes every day can do wonders
us that indoor recreation three types Card to refresh and rejuvenate physically and mentally. As
activities are undertaken games, board opposed to traditional stress relief methods like
on the comfort of one’s games, and games meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, or Yoga,
home or more especially that involve physical stress relief games are entertaining and easily
indoor and they are to movement. This type accessible. Indoor games are akin to meditation, they
recreate the mind and of indoor games is involve concentration that allows the mind to move
soul. commonly played in away from the stress factor, and ensures intense
our country involvement.
Philippines like UNO
card game, An opportunity to spend time together/ socialize
Scrabble, Sungka,
One of the purposes of While growing up we often forget that our parents too
Dama and etc.
are growing old. Often the family members have
Indoor recreational
different schedules that push us in different directions.
activity is to provide an
But playing games (maybe a card game) even for a short
ideal opportunity to Indoor games allow
while with your elderly loved ones is a perfect way to
explore and develop a one to play when
spend time together. We may not realize the
full range of abilities also one cannot venture
importance but for them, it’s quality time and a
indoor recreational outdoors. Indoor
priceless gift. So, playing to spend time to socialize helps
activities make one games mean you
learners become socially aware and helps them gain the
develop holistically can stay at home confidence to interact with others. Through playing
because it improves the and still play. learners learn about concepts such as wining, loosing,
physical, mental, social, Although they and playing fair and also develop problem-solving skills.
emotional, spiritual and cannot substitute for Indoor play areas give learners that opportunity to
moral abilities of the outdoor games, socialize with others and to develop such skills.
individual. The term indoor games are
recreation implies capable of providing Memory formation and cognitive skills
participation to be a resourceful Board games or any indoor games help us to practice
healthy refreshing mind entertainment in essential cognitive skills and enhance the parts of the
and body. closed environments brain responsible for complex thought and memory
formation. Creative indoor games help the brain retain
Benefits of Indoor Games and build cognitive associations well in old age.
Science supports many of our intuitions about the that always come with board games, prevent these
benefits of play. Playful behavior appears to have effects by releasing some chemicals that fight stress,
positive effects on the brain and on a child’s ability to and boost your immune system. A simple board game
learn. In fact, play may function as an important, if not could give rise to the ‘survival genes’ and activate them
crucial, mode for learning. (Dewar et al 2014). in your brain, making the brain cells live longer and
helping to fight disease.

Keeps the risks for diseases like Alzheimer’s and

Dementia at bay Therapy treatment (coordination and dexterity)
Keeping the mind of seniors active and engage means Many board games require the use of fine motor skills
they are exercising the brain and building it stronger. A to pick up or move pieces, actions that take both
stronger brain has lower risks of losing its power and coordination and dexterity.
thus reduces the risk of cognitive declines, such as
Regular practice and activity improve these basic skills,
associated with dementia and Alzheimer’s.
which is important for children, people with mental or
According to (Daily Express,2020) dementia isn’t a physical disabilities, the elderly and those recovering
natural part of aging. The disease negatively affects from accidents. Board games are very helpful when they
brain functioning, leading to troublesome symptoms. A are added to occupational therapy treatments, as well
research study showed how a certain game could lower in places like classrooms for special needs to help
the risk of developing the illness. Researchers found a improve muscle and nerve function over time.
link between playing chess and reducing the possibility
*** END of LESSON 1***
of developing dementia. The researchers noted:
“Effortful mental activity [such as chess] produces and
strengthens synaptic connections and stimulates
neurogenesis process.“Thus, it promotes plastic
changes in the brain that slow down the symptoms of
dementia.” Overall, the study encouraged those who
are at the beginning of dementia to engage with
strategic board games, such as chess, to strengthen the
cognitive function and enhance their quality of life.

Lowers blood pressures

Along with laughing and increasing your endorphins,
they can help you lower or maintain your blood
pressure.

This release of endorphins helps muscles to relax and

blood to circulate, which evidently will lower your blood
pressure. High blood pressure is associated with a
greater risk of artery damage, heart disease, and stroke.

Improvesimmune system
Positive feelings and thoughts, like the laughter and
enjoyment that always come with board games or card
games, improve immunity by releasing some chemicals
that fight stress and boost the immune system.

Research has shown that negativity, depression, and

stress can reduce your ability to fight disease. Positive
feelings and thoughts, like the laughter and enjoyment
WEEK 2 Attributes important in analyzing and describing a
game, but which are not necessary as part of an
Classification of Indoor Games overall classification:
Games 1. Theme; Strategy vs. Chance (Luck), two separate
- activities involving one or more people, on the move factors that should total 100%;
with or without an object or implement, playing under 2. Simplicity vs. Complexity, which cannot be
mutually agreed-upon set of rules assigned a percent value but can be shown as a
- can be used for practice/self-testing skills, range; physical characteristics such as box size,
cooperative play or competitive type of gameboard, and implements; and other
- way to fuel your imagination, creativity, problem- pieces of information useful in sorting games in a
solving abilities, and emotional well-being database, including, but not limited to, illustrator,
- playing is a time to forget about work and history, source, condition, and so forth.
commitments, and to be social in an unstructured, Since the mid to late 1800s, game companies in the
creative way United States and Europe put their games into
Indoor games allow one to play when one cannot categories to make them easier to market. The
venture outdoors. Indoor games mean you can stay at categories are based primarily on the audience to
home and still play. Although they cannot substitute whom the game is targeted—children, family, or adults
for outdoor games, indoor games are capable of —or to the theme or style of game.
providing resourceful entertainment in closed CLASSIFICATION OF GAMES
environments.
Family Games - these games are suitable for the
Initial Classification entire family, including adults who play together with
1. Indoor games / Table Games younger children. The family game creates lasting
a. games played with no implements (save for, memories because they foster a sense of belonging. In
perhaps, those needed for record-keeping) the busy hubbub of life, it is so nice to have tech-free,
b. games that use some materials / with face to face time with your playmate.
implements Example of Family Games:
- pencil-&-paper games
- games using common household objects -The Flour Game - Each player takes a turn cutting the
- classic or proprietary games that have a flour trying not to allow the LifeSaver to fall. Players
specific set of materials, be they unique or continue to take turns cutting the flour until the candy
standard game pieces (referred by R.C. Bell falls. The person that cuts the flour which causes the
and others as “Table Games”) LifeSaver to fall has to then retrieve it with his mouth.
2. Outdoor games / Play Activities -Pinoy Henyo - is a word-guessing game popularized
by a television show Eat Bulaga. It started sometime
1. Classic games (those in the public domain) in 2006 as a segment of this noontime show. With
2. Proprietary games (those owned by a particular the help of hints, a player guesses a word that's on
company) the forehead of the other player. The player must be
able to guess the word in two minutes. The team,
There are three primary systems that are possibilities which is in pair, that guesses the word in the shortest
for classification: time wins the game.
1. the historical model, put forth primarily by Murray; -Minute to Win It Game - contestants take part in a
2. the “company model”, used by today’s game series of 60-second challenges that use objects that
companies are commonly available around the house.
3. the players’ system of classification, used -Family Board Game - creates lasting memories
informally by many game players today because they foster a sense of belonging. In the
busy hubbub of life, it is so nice to have tech-free,
In an age of computers and databases, and “Find” and face to face time with your kids.
“Sort” possibilities for our data, it may be possible to
combine the three classifications, allowing the Benefits of Family Games
hierarchy to change depending on the end-user.
1. Develops Strong Character
Children take games seriously. They all want to be historical event or culture, or assist them in learning a
winners but don’t always know how to handle losing. skill as they play.
By hosting family game nights, children begin to learn
how to lose gracefully, how to joke around and how to Games are interactive play that teaches us goals,
celebrate wins. This is a wonderful opportunity for rules, adaptation, problem-solving, interaction, all
them to learn good sportsmanship skills. represented as a story.

2. Promote Problem Solving They satisfy our fundamental need to learn by

providing enjoyment, passionate involvement,
In most games, you are invited to solve a problem. structure, motivation, ego gratification, adrenaline,
Whether the riddle is verbal or visual, it requires creativity, social interaction and emotion in the game
children to think about their next move and actions to itself while the learning takes place
take in order to have a positive outcome. Playing helps
kids think critically to solve problems which is a useful Examples of Educational Games:
skill in school and in life! -Chess - is a game for two people, played on a
3. Encourages Positive Social skills chessboard. Each player has 16 pieces, including a
king. Your aim is to move your pieces so that your
Different than strong character, family game night opponent's king cannot escape being taken
encourages children to mimic positive social skills. -Scrabble- board-and-tile game in which two to four
Passing cards, negotiating exchange of pieces or players compete in forming words with lettered tiles
tokens, children are watching how you handle games on a 225-square board; words spelled out by letters
and learning. Don’t take the games seriously because on the tiles interlock like words in a crossword puzzle
it’s not really about who wins, it’s that they are -Word Factory - is a word search game for two to eight
watching you and acquiring skills on how to joke players in which players have a limited time to find
around, how to diffuse a stressful situation, how to words in a random selection of letters. Words found
make a poker face, etc. It is amazing what children by more than one player are disqualified when
absorb by playing with their families. scoring the game. The player with the highest
number of eligible words wins.
4. Enhances Communication Skills -Sungka is a popular game in the Philippines. It
Children are encouraged to express their wants in involves dropping small stones or cowrie shells into
games, and, in some cases, cannot win without saying large holes on a long canoe-shaped board. This
the words needed. BINGO! Depending on the game, game is called” mancala“in the US. It is also known
they may need to call out a phrase or words to garner as “count and capture” or “sowing game” in English.
an outcome. However, it is not just the language The latter moniker is because seeds are sometimes
needed to play but the interaction between players that used instead of shells or stones. Filipinos ordinarily
also enhances their communication skills. Watch what use cowrie shells.
you say as you might hear a mini version of yourself Benefits of Educational Games
after a family game.
1. Motivation and Engagement
5. Promotes Family Bonding
Learners are often motivated by hands-on and active
The strongest reason I believe in family game nights is learning opportunities. The students are able to work
that it promotes family bonding. Children are more on accomplishing a goal by choosing specific actions.
likely to share with their parents in environments where They experience the consequences of the actions,
they feel comfortable thus the importance of family which is one of the ways that a game-based learning
bonding. You will be surprised how much you learn experience is similar to real life. The engagement
about your children in just playing together. between learners keeps them coming back to learn
Educational Games - are games explicitly designed even more.
for educational purposes, or which have incidental or
secondary educational value. All types of games may
be used in an educational environment, however, 2. Immediate Feed Back
Educational games are games that are designed to
help people learn about certain subjects, expand Learners benefit from the immediate feedback that
concepts, reinforce development, understand a takes place during game playing. Instead of having to
wait days or even weeks for an assignment or test
grade, students get instantaneous results about
whether or not they made a good decision. Educators number of players. Some games, especially
are able to get rapid feedback by watching how the commercial games, have a set limit based on
learners engage and react. available equipment; others are limited by other
mechanics of the game like time for each turn, while
3. Cognitive Growth still others have no practical limit.
Each time learners play the same game, they perform
cognitive actions such as recalling the rules, keeping
track of hazards and remembering how the sequence
of play works. Learners also learn how to think
creatively and plan out their moves a few steps ahead. Examples of Party Games:
Educational games can result in higher retention rates - News Paper Dance- Similar to Trip to Jerusalem
compared to book learning. and Stop Dance in the sense that it requires
4. Skills Development stopping-and-starting music to eliminate players.
The twist is that a piece of paper (usually a
Educational games allow learners to practice and broadsheet) is used as the “dance floor”. Players
develop physical skills such as hand-eye coordination. are grouped into twos and hop on the paper when
They can also work on spatial skills and fine motor the music stops. The paper is then folded in half
skills. Interactive games help learners to do this in an and gets tinier and tinier. The teams must find a
integrated learning environment. Game-based learning way to remain upright within their respective “dance
allows learners to develop cognitive, social and floor”. The last team standing wins.
physical skills simultaneously. This learning enhances - Minute to Win It - contestants were given a minute
essential life skills like cooperation and teamwork. to complete a task or challenge. Sometimes silly,
sometimes challenging, oftentimes both, the show
Party Games - are games that are played at social was so much fun that people started to throw their
gatherings to facilitate interaction and provide own “Minute to Win It” parties.
entertainment and recreation. Different games will - Limbo Rock- is a traditional game that originated in
generate different atmospheres so the party game may Trinidad. The basic concept of the game is to walk
merely be intended as an ice breakers, or the sole or dance under a pole of some sort without falling.
purpose for or structure of the party. As such, party Music usually is played in the background, but it is
games aim to include players of various skill levels and optional.
player-elimination is rare. Party games are intended to
be played socially, and are designed to be easy for Benefits of Party Games:
new players to learn.
1. Relieve stress - Play is fun and can trigger the
What are the Characteristic of Party Games ? release of endorphins, the body’s natural feel-good
chemicals. Endorphins promote an overall sense of
-A game should also have entertainment value for well-being and can even temporarily relieve pain.
spectators. Many party games involve at least some
level of humor, whether inherent in the game or 2. Improve brain function - Playing chess, completing
introduced by players. In this way, players not taking puzzles, or pursuing other fun activities that challenge
a turn can still enjoy the gameplay, whilst party the brain can help prevent memory problems and
favors can embellish the party atmosphere. improve brain function. The social interaction of
-The game usually does not involve spending real playing with family and friends can also help ward off
money as a prerequisite or consequence of playing. stress and depression
Games that require each player to purchase
consumable items or specialized equipment are 3. Stimulate the mind and boost creativity - Young
usually poor party games. children often learn best when they are playing—a
-Cooperation and interaction between players is principle that applies to adults, as well. You’ll learn a
encouraged. Both team and role-based play new task better when it’s fun and you’re in a relaxed
generally encourage this social aspect to the game; and playful mood. Play can also stimulate your
games that do not encourage this interaction imagination, helping you adapt and solve problems.
generally make poor party games. 4.Improve relationships and your connection to others
-A game can support a relatively large or undefined - Sharing laughter and fun can foster empathy,
number of players, compared to more traditional compassion, trust, and intimacy with others. Play
board games or card games that require a small, set doesn’t have to include a specific activity; it can also
be a state of mind. Developing a playful nature can "learning through doing". Assessing this learning can
help you loosen up in stressful situations, break the enhance students' conceptual understanding of the
ice with strangers, make new friends, and form new theory–practice relationship, their higher level
business relationships. reasoning skills and the development of their practical
competence in playing the different indoor games.
5.Keep you feeling young and energetic - In the words
of George Bernard Shaw, “We don’t stop playing 5. Helps learners actively construct knowledge from
because we grow old; we grow old because we stop their own experiences.
playing.” Play can boost your energy and vitality and
even improve your resistance to disease, helping you This is very essential to each individual that they are
function at your best. learning through their own experiences. When the
learners participate in a game with the presence of
Skill and Action Games - is a boxed game requiring their own learning they construct or formulate small to
the player to engage in a specific physical activity big ideas and have understanding on problem solving
and/or do something requiring dexterity or eye-hand based on the learning that they get from day to day.
coordination.

This includes games in which something is rolled,

thrown, tossed, tiddled, toppled, shot, spun, slid,
bounced, balanced, carried, hooked, and so forth.
The most common skill-and-action games are ring
toss, tiddly winks, indoor target games, skittles
(bowling games), and some marble games.

Benefits of Skill and Action Games

1. Play helps develop and improve social skills.

Social skills are learned as part of the give and take of

play. During childhood play, kids learn about verbal
communication, body language, boundaries,
cooperation, and teamwork. As adults, you continue
to refine these skills through play and playful
communication.

2. Supports gross and fine motor skills

If you engage yourself in action and skill games like

Bowling it requires you to have a proper coordination
of your movements of the hands, fingers and with the
eyes. This is called hand-eye coordination, inorder for
you to execute well the movement of the game.

3. Encourages interaction among learners and

cooperative play

The aim of game is to have a nice interaction

between the players because this is the process
where the players manipulate their ideas from their
competitors on how they cooperate and interact in the
process of the game.

4. Enables learner to manipulate their environment, to

experiment, and to interact with materials

When learners engage in a particular activity like

Chess, scrable and word factory it is a unique
learning environment that enables and consolidates
WEEK 3 (PE) Most board games use dice and/or playing
cards that contain information that affects the
We all know that indoor games are a variety of outcome of the game.  For example, Dice in a board
structured forms of play or competitive physical game generally relates to the movement of the tokens
activity, typically carried out either in the home or in on the board.
constructed indoor. And also games are divided into
categories, it can be broken into three subcategories; Virtually all board games are turn-based.
pencil and paper games, games using common Children's games, particularly for young children, are
household objects, and classic or proprietary games based on luck, and also on how they strategized in a
that have a specific set of materials, be they unique or single game.
standard game pieces that are being played by many
of us. These games referred as Table games that are Mostly board games are used for educational
usually present in each country in this world. The purposes in order for the learners to build or to help in
examples of Indoor Table Games are the following: thinking skills. Games for older children have
decisions built into the games, which affect the
1. DICE GAMES  outcome of games. For instance, using a combination
of letters to create a particular word in scrabble.
These are games that use or incorporate one
or more dice as their sole or central component, Board games have the important aspect that
usually as a random device.  Dice game provides they are social in nature because they require players
problem-solving skill and thinking skill to the children to interact meaningfully with other players.
and also adults.
As we can see, board games have a particular
Examples of Dice Games: set of criteria that separate them from other forms of
games. The key component of a classic board game
Roll for It – this dice game can be enjoyed by two to is that it is fun and that it teaches important early
four players. Although the recommended age is 8 and learning skills.
up, many reviewers say that younger kids can learn to
play it, too. The game comes with four sets of six The Main Types of Board Games
miniature, colored dice, as well as 30 cards.
 War games, the main purpose is to defeat or destroy
Yahtzee- is a good example of dice game which can your opponent. Examples include, chess, checkers,
be played by two or more people, and it’s best for kids and Go.
ages 8 and up, though adults will want to get in on the Race games involve a number of players attempting
action, too. There are 13 rounds in the game, and the to reach a goal or destination first. Snakes and
goal is to rack up the highest number of points by Ladders, Monopoly, Scrabble, Pictionary are all race
rolling certain combinations with the dice. If you roll games.
five of the same number, you’ve rolled a Yahtzee!
Alignment games are board games that require
2. BOARD GAMES players to place their pieces on a game board to
reach a particular configuration. In contrast to race
Usually, when we say board game there is a games, alignment games require the player to
central board where a player's position can be tracked strategically position pieces on a board rather than
in relation to other players. Players also have tokens position pieces across a board to reach a destination.
or avatars that represent the player. For example, the
3. CARD GAME
chess table and the pieces in Chess, racing car or the
hat tokens in Monopoly, and tokens used to represent CARD GAME is any game using playing
a player's position in Snakes and Ladders. cards as the primary device with which the game is
played, be they traditional or game-specific.
Board games usually have specific rules, for
instance, limit the number of players that a game can Countless card games exist, including families
have, the number of spaces on a board, the number of related games like poker, UNO, DOS, and tong-its.
of possible moves, and the limits of what can be done A small number of card games played with traditional
in a particular move. decks have formally standardized rules, but most are
folk games whose rules vary by region, culture, and
Games of skill, in contrast to board games, person.
generally don't have the same limits imposed on
A card game is played with a deck or pack of
players. The number of moves and positions in
playing cards that are identical in size and shape.
games of skill are more open-ended and can be
Each card has two sides, the face, and the back.
endless.
 Normally the backs of the cards are penalty cards) as possible, taking a particular trick in
indistinguishable. The faces of the cards may all be the hand, or taking an exact number of tricks.
unique, or there can be duplicates. The composition
of a deck is known to each player. In some cases, Example of Trick Taking Games:
several decks are shuffled together to form a  Whist
single pack or shoe.
  Piquet (No Trumps)
History of Card Game  Euchre (Trumps)
Playing cards first appeared in Europe in the  Five hundred (Euchre Group)
last quarter of the 14th century. The earliest European
 L' Hombre
references speak of a Saracen or Moorish game
called naib, and in fact, an almost complete  Bourre
Mamluk Egyptian deck of 52 cards in a distinct  Spades(Boston Group/Exact Bidding)
oriental design has survived from around the same  Hearts
time, with the four suits swords, polo
sticks, cups, and coins, and the  Oh Hell! (Exact Bidding)
ranks king, governor, second governor,  Contract Bridge (Boston Group)
and ten to one.
The 1430s in Italy saw the invention of the  Matching games
tarot deck a full Latin-suited deck augmented by
The object of matching (or sometimes "melding")
suitless cards with painted motifs that played a
game is to acquire a particular group of matching
special role as trumps. Tarot card games
cards before an opponent can do so. In Rummy, this
are still played with (subsets of) these decks in parts
is done through drawing and discarding, and the
of Central Europe.
groups are called melds. Mahjong is a very similar
 A full tarot deck contains 14 cards in each game played with tiles instead of cards.
suit; low cards labeled 1–10, and court
cards valet (jack), chevalier (cavalier/knight), dame (q In the Philippines a good example of a matching
ueen), and roi (king), plus the fool or excuse card, and game is the Pares-pares- it is also called Ungoy-
21 trump cards. In the 18th century, the card images unggoyan or Matching Memory. It’s a game played at
of the traditional Italian tarot decks became popular in least one- four-player.
carto mancy, and evolved into "esoteric" decks used
primarily for the purpose; today most tarot decks sold
in North America are the occult type and are closely  Shedding games
associated with fortune-telling. In Europe, "playing
tarot" decks remain popular for games and have In a Shedding game, players start with a hand of
evolved since the 18th century to use regional suits cards, and the object of the game is to be the first
(spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs in France; player to discard all cards from one's hand. Common
leaves, hearts, bells, and acorns in Germany) as well shedding games include Crazy
as other familiar aspects of the English-pattern pack Eights (commercialized by Mattel as Uno) and
such as corner card indices and "stamped" card Daihinmin. Some matching-type games are also
symbols for non-court cards. Decks differ regionally shedding-type games; some variants of Rummy such
based on the number of cards needed to play the as Phase 10, Rummikub, the bluffing game I Doubt It,
games; the French tarot consists of the "full" 78 cards, and the children's game Old Maid, fall into both
while Germanic, Spanish, and Italian Tarot variants categories. 
remove certain values (usually low suited cards) from Example of Shedding games in the Philippines:
the deck, creating a deck with as few as 32 cards.
Pusoy –Dos
Types of Card Games
- Filipino Poker
 Trick-taking games - Shedding game
The object of a trick-taking game is based on the - It is more on card combination
play of multiple rounds, or tricks, in each of which - Played by four persons
each player plays a single card from their hand, and
 Tong-its
based on the values of played cards one player wins
or "takes" the trick. The specific object varies with - Associated to an American card game tonk.
each game and can include taking as many tricks as - Gained popularity in 1990’s in Luzon.
possible, taking as many scoring cards within the - Three player rummy type of game.
tricks won as possible, taking a few tricks (or as few
 Catch and collect games Solitaire games are designed to be played by one
player. Most games begin with a specific layout of
The object of an accumulating game is to acquire all cards, called a tableau, and the object is then either to
cards in the deck. Examples include most War type construct a more elaborate final layout, or to clear the
games, and games involving slapping a discard pile tableau and/or the draw pile or stock by moving all
such as Slapjack. Egyptian Rat screw has both of cards to one or more "discard" or "foundation" piles.
these features. There are children who love lots this
type of card game because this game is more  Multi-genre games
exciting.
Many card games borrow elements from more than
 Monopoly Deal one type. The most common combination is matching
and shedding, as in some variants of Rummy, Old
This is a all about collecting properties and stealing Maid, and Go Fish. However, many multi-genre
from your opponents. Use action cards to demand a games involve different stages of play for each hand.
money, gift, change rent and swap cards. The most common multi-stage combination is a "trick-
 Fishing games and-meld" game, such as Pinochle or Belote. Other
multi-stage, multi-genre games
In fishing games, cards from the hand are played include Poke, Gleek, Skitgubbe, and Tichu. The good
against cards in a layout on the table, capturing table example of these game are Tong-its and Pusoy-Dos it
cards if they match. Fishing games are popular in because in playing this games it involves the
many nations, including China, where there are many shedding, comparing  and also used in gambling
diverse fishing games. Scopa is considered one of the games.
national card games of Italy. Casino is the only fishing
game to be widely played in English-speaking  Collectible card games (CCGs)
countries Collectible card games (CCG) are proprietary
In fishing games each player has a hand of cards playing card games. CCGs are games of strategy
and there is a layout of face up cards on the table. between two players though multiplayer exists too.
Each player in turn plays a card. If it matches a card Both have their own personally built deck constructed
or cards in the layout, the played card and the from a very large pool of individually unique cards in
matched cards are captured and placed face down in the commercial market. These game is very exciting
front of the player. If the card played does not match it for children and also for adults because it is more
is added to the layout. challenging to play.The cards have different effects,
costs, and art. Obtaining the different cards makes
 Comparing games the game a collectible and cards are sold or traded on
the secondary market. Magic: The Gathering and Yu-
Comparing games involve comparing the value of Gi-Oh! are well-known collectible card games and
cards in every players hand to see who has the cards
also in the Philippines we have the Teks and Pogs.
with the most value. Common examples are poker
and blackjack. It is also known as "vying" or  Casino or gambling card games
"showdown" games. The most popular comparing
card game in the Philippines is the Lucky Nine. These games revolve around wagers of money.
Though virtually any game in which there are winning
Luck 9 and losing outcomes can be wagered on, these
This is an exciting card game similar to Baccarat games are specifically designed to make the betting
commonly played at home. This game is popular in process a strategic part of the game. Some of these
the Philippines. games involve players betting against each other,
such as poker, while in others, like blackjack, players
To win in a Lucky 9 game, the player's hand must wager against the house. Today, there are many
out-value the banker's hand. To do this, a player must online card games or any games that is associated
draw a hand that totals 9, or as nearest to 9 as with gambling that are usually played by the
possible, just like in Baccarat. When the total of a others. We  all know that, playing online games is a
hand exceeds 9, the value is adjusted by subtracting trend now. You could not find people that do not play
10 from the total. For example, if a player draws an the online games. The one thing we know that is
eight of spades and a seven of hearts, his hand value playing online games will bring eye stress to the
becomes five (8 + 7 – 10 = 5). Tens and face cards players that is it.
(jacks, queens and kings) are worth zero, aces are
worth one, and all other cards are worth their face  Poker games
value. Poker is a family of gambling games in which
 Solitaire (Patience) games players bet into a pool, called the pot, the value of
which changes as the game progresses that the value
of the hand they carry will beat all others according to selected game. These game also is generally used as
the ranking system. Variants largely differ on how a source of entertainment and also used in
cards are dealt and the methods by which players can educational purposes because it help the learners to
improve a hand. For many reasons, including its age think and have a good problem-solving. Young
and its popularity among Western militaries, it is one children can enjoy playing games such word factory,
of the most universally known card games in while naturally developing important language skills
existence. These game also is common in funeral like spelling. Researchers have found that adults who
occasion. regularly solved crossword puzzles, which require
familiarity with a larger vocabulary, had better brain
 Other card games function later in life.
There are games that are develop or produce from Popular word-based game shows have been a
time to time. Many other card games have been part of television and radio throughout broadcast
designed and published on a commercial or amateur history, including Spelling Bee (the first televised
basis. In some cases, the game uses the standard game show) and Wheel of Fortune (the longest-
52-card deck, but the object is unique. In Eleusis, for running syndicated game show in the United States).
example, players play single cards, and are told
whether the play was legal or illegal, in an attempt to   Letter arrangement games
discover the underlying rules made up by the dealer. In a letter arrangement game, the goal is to form
Most of these games however typically use a words out of given letters. These games generally test
specially made deck of cards designed specifically for vocabulary skills as well as lateral thinking skills.
the game (or variations of it). The decks are thus Some examples of letter arrangement games
usually proprietary, but may be created by the game's include Scrabble, Upwards, Bananagrams, Countdow
players. Uno, Phase 10, Set, and 1000 Blank White n, and Paperback.
Cards are popular dedicated-deck card games; 1000
Blank White Cards is unique in that the cards for the
game are designed by the players of the game while 5. PAPER AND PENCIL GAMES
playing it; there is no commercially available deck
advertised as such. Crossword Puzzles

 Simulation card games In a paper and pencil game, players write their
own words, often under specific constraints. For
A deck of either customized dedicated cards or a example, a crossword requires players to use clues to
standard deck of playing cards with assigned fill out a grid, with words intersecting at specific
meanings is used to simulate the actions of another letters. Other examples of paper and pencil games
activity, for example card football. include Hangman, Scattergories, boggle, and word
searches.
 Fictional card games
Semantic Games
Many games, including card games, are fabricated
by science fiction authors and screenwriters to Semantic games focus on the semantics of words,
distance a culture depicted in the story from present- utilizing their meanings and the shared knowledge of
day Western culture. They are commonly used as players as a mechanic. Mad Libs, Blankety Blank,
filler to depict background activities in an atmosphere and Codenames are all semantic games.
like a bar or rec room, but sometimes the drama
revolves around the play of the game. Some of these
games become real card games as the holder of the **DEXTERITY GAMES
intellectual property develops and markets a suitable
deck and rule set for the game, while others, such as In the 19 th century, adults and children have
"Exploding Snap" from the Harry Potter franchise, lack fascinated in this game. The dexterity games is also
sufficient descriptions of rules, or depend on cards or called as skill games, hand-held, and palm puzzle
other hardware that are infeasible or physically games. The essential hand-eye challenge of rolling a
impossible. ball into a hole or tilting a capsule through a maze has
proved among the most delightful, maddening, and
enduring diversions of the modern age, despite — or
perhaps because of — its sheer simplicity.
4. WORD GAMES
Word games (also called word While the first rolling-ball puzzles were available in
game puzzles or word search games) are spoken or England as early as the 1840s, it was Charles M.
board games often designed to test ability Crandall’s Pigs in Clover, introduced in 1889, that
with language or to explore its properties in the captured the enthusiasm of the American public.
Senators took the game into the Senate Chambers has to play the exact same tile from their set, but they
during debates, and US President Benjamin Harrison can lay it anywhere inside their 19-tile grid
is said to have played the game in the White House
instead of tending to politics. By 1890, orders for Pigs Isle of Skye  (2015) 2-5 players, 60 minutes
in Clover were in excess of 8,000 a day. - In the Isle of Skye each player is making their own
Beginning in 1891, the London-based firm of R. little Isle by buying tiles in an effort to score the most
Journet and Company designed more than one points. But different players will be going for different
hundred innovative glass-top dexterity games. “A things (boats, sheep, whiskey, mountains etc) – and
good puzzle should be simple in idea,” Journet once each turn you’ll draw three random tiles and price
said. ”It should explain itself without any long each one. 
instructions and it should look attractive.” The first Galaxy Trucker  (2004) 2-4 players, 60-90 minutes
British Industries Fair in 1918 produced orders for
large numbers of these puzzles (especially from the - If you like a tongue-in-cheek sci-fi theme and find
United States) and marked the real start of Journet’s the usual tile-laying experience a little pedestrian, how
puzzle business, which would continue well into the would you like to frantically build a space ship out of
twentieth century. In those early years, dexterity tiles in real-time – complete with guns, engines, crew,
games gained an international following and were and storage space? And then fly it through alien-
also being produced in great numbers in France, infested asteroid fields and watch as half (and often
Germany and Japan. more) of it is smashed to bits or vaporized on the way
to your destination? Then Galaxy Trucker is the game
for you.
6. TILE LAYING GAMES Alhambra  (2003) 2-6 players, 60 minutes
Tile-laying games are great for game evangelists: - While most definitely a tile-laying game, Alhambra is
many have simple rules so are family, new gamer and the closest game on the list to being disqualified for
child friendly. We all know the concept from having too much else going on. You have to collect
Dominoes, and it’s amazing how little you have to add sets of cards (which count as currency) to buy the
to that simple premise to make a truly great game. tiles you want from a display, but the meat of the
Tile games also have very strong curb appeal, game is most definitely on the tiles: you’re trying to
looking great on the table and really catching the eye get the highest number of tiles in any given color to
– and imagination – of anyone walking past: much like get points in the three scoring rounds, while also
a jigsaw can do, but with much more game appeal placing them in such a way that the walls match to
across the age and ability ranges. both give you more points and not restrict you too
much as you build. 
Mahjong 
- is a tile-based game. It is commonly played by four
players. It is also a game of skill, strategy, and
calculation, and it involves a degree of chance.
Tsuro  (2004) 2-8 Players, 15 Minutes
- Tsuro ticks so many ‘perfect filler game’ boxes:
lovely production, simple gameplay you can teach in a
couple of minutes (and to people as young as six or
so), a short play time, easy setup, easily available and
only about £20 – and can take up to eight players. 
Medina  (2001) 2-4 players, 60-90 minutes
- Medina is a gorgeous board game where the ‘tiles’
are actually wooden blocks representing buildings,
merchants, rooftops and city walls. It’s an abstract
game where players take it in turns to place a couple
of pieces onto the board and later claim buildings to
earn points.
Take it Easy  (1983) 1-8 players, 20-30 minutes
- This game of laying hexagonal tiles has a neat twist:
a bit like bingo, one player draws a tile and everyone
WEEK 5-6 PE flexibility, agility, and endurance. It also enhances a
student's social relationships with others. It develops
Playing is one of the priceless happiness of each and
group qualities like cooperation, teamwork, and
every child. Good games are important for children to
coordination.
help them learn and grow in a way that makes them
feel good. It also helps them develop their social THREE TYPES OF ‘LARO NG LAHI’
capacity and at the same time self-confidence within
SINGLE GAMES - Individual games are games that are
themselves.
played by single participants or relay teams to inject and
Philippine Traditional games are also called Laro ng Lahi. add competition in the class.
Filipino traditional games and sports have originated
Examples of single games Piko, Sipa ( using rattan
from different cultures, some of which have pre-
ball),and Tumbang Preso
Hispanic origin or we called it indigenous games these
games are very unique in terms of how they played it. DUAL GAMES - sets of activities done by two or more
We Filipinos are known as sports-loving people and than two players.
creative in any aspect of life and these traditional games
is a testament to our passion for play. There are Filipino Examples: Sungka, Dama, Buno, Bunong Braso ( Arm
games now such as Sungka, Dama, and Patintero that Wrestling), and Culliot (similar to tug of war)
become less popular in the children because of the born
of new machinery. However, there are Filipino games GROUP GAMES - Group games are sets of activities that
such as Sipa, Yoyo, and Arnis have been adopted by require more than four members of the team. They are
other countries as their own. usually practiced in class as their supplemental activities
or lead-up games.
These games should remain relevant as they provide
the people the opportunity to learn, appreciate, and Examples: Patintero, Luksong Tinik, and Luksong
experience aspects of their own culture. These games Baka
also provide essential training in social interaction and
help develop camaraderie, sportsmanship, and honesty CHARACTERISTICS OF GAMES
because encouraging their preservation will mean
• A game is a free and voluntary activity
understanding our own culture.
-Any play activity that forces or drafts a player
The Concept of “ Laro ng Lahi”
against his will is not game. By this definition, grammar
“ Laro ng Lahi” refers to the traditional or native sports school games initiated and organized by teachers on
of the Filipinos. They are part of heritage. The Filipinos, playgrounds or high school sports in gyms, supervised
even before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, by coaches, are out of the category of games. In other
were very active in sports and games. words, it’s a player’s own choice to play when he wants
to, with whom, why, and how. A game should never be
The first “ Palaro ng Lahi” was held in Laoag, Ilocos imposed by anyone and never made a moral duty of a
Norte, on February 10, 1984, sponsored by the player. For example, In playing piko or any type of game
provincial government in cooperation with DECS. The it’s our own choice whether we’re going to participate
inclusion of some of our native games in the Physical or not because it is very hard for us if we’re going to
Education curriculum had been approved particularly at push ourselves in participating in a game.
the secondary level.
• A game has two or more forces (individual or
Today, “Laro ng Lahi” is recommended as one of the teams) of equality matched caliber in opposition
best lead –up games and activities for students from
graders to college level. It is also a way of teaching our -The moment one player or team has an edge;
students to patronize indigenous games that were over the opponent, in one form or another at the very
popularized by our natives. It also promotes fitness and inception of the contest, the activity stops being a game
competition. Playing the games in Laro ng Lahi helps in the true sense of the word. This is one of the reasons
students develop health and fitness programs like vigor, that children love to play games because, in a game
with adults, they are equal partners. For example in
playing patintero, there is an equal distribution of who will be the winner it is based on the players on how
participants wherein each team must consist of a boy they play until the game finished.
and girl in order to have an equal play.
• A game is non-utilitarian
• A game is governed by rules
Unlike work, it produces no goods and no
-The everyday rules of life are suspended and are services. It produces only the beauty of happiness.
temporarily replaced by a set of rules that are both
• A game is separate and selective
absolute and precise. There may be some argument
over what rules to follow, for different players know - Not all people are in a game. Players consider
different versions of a game, but they're never is any their activity as a closed unit in their chosen space and
argument over the use of rules. Rules are very time and anything happening outside at that moment is
important in a single game, because how can you play a irrelevant. The charm of a game is enhanced by making
game without a set of rules to follow. For example in a secret or an exclusive domain out of it; the idea that
playing Sungka, how can you start the play without this is for us and not for others is basic. People mostly
knowing the first move, the pointing system, and also called it their pastime. From exposing their body from
how can we determine the winner; So rules in-game are heavy work they look for extra time to relax their body.
important in order to have a smooth play. For example, during your childhood years after class,
you are looking for playmates to play before you go
• A game is make believe
home. So it’s your own choice to play. • A game has a
- From the viewpoint of the world outside, a Dual function
game is not real. A game takes place in a temporary
It teaches the rules of society and at the same
world within the ordinary world. Players step out of
time serves as an escape from the restrictions of
reallife into a temporal sphere of activity. But the
society. Games are considered by adults as good
paradox in a game is that while players are only
devices for socialization. Children are believed to learn
pretending and everything is done strictly for fun, there
teamwork, fair play, tolerance, and sportsmanship from
is seriousness in the pretense. To players, the game is
games. Non-competitive play is often referred to as
very real and very important, and they are intensely
pastime for it is personalized fun and is undertaken
committed to it. The good example of it is the Bahay-
purposely to while away the time. For example in
Bahayan- players are assigned what will be their
playing Dama, while playing you are interacting with
character (father, mother, teacher, doctor, and etc..)
your opponent, so there is social interaction between
the main objective of this game is to portray the role of
you and your opponent, and also you are learning while
their chosen character in which their actions are based
playing the game.
on their observation in the society.
PRE-GAMES (Preliminaries to Games)

One of the most interesting parts of the game is

• The outcome of the game is uncertain
the “pre-game”. This includes all preliminary formalities
- If the result of the game is known in advance, it the players go through before actual competition starts,
ceases to be a game. Hence, a player who has become such as: selecting leaders, choosing sides pilian,
sure winner among his fellow players either stops determining who starts first (manuhan), and who shall
playing or other players refuse to include him. be the “it” or “taya”. Some of the procedures adopted
Competition in a game brings about tension. Tension seem unnecessarily lengthy, even tortuous. Sometimes
due to uncertainty leads to chanciness. A player’s they appear to be rituals than simple preparations for a
ultimate objective is to use a strategy that would tip the competitive game.
initial equilibrium between him and his opponent in is
Pre-game activities are not essentially parts of a
favor at the end of the game. One of the key
game but are preludes to a game. They perform the
components of the game is a challenge, wherein players
function of setting the stage, both physically and
are involved in serious play because their main
emotionally for the participants before they engage
objective is to win. In a single game, we cannot predict
actively in the contest. A game starts only when the
actual competitive action between the rival parties endurance meaning it demands strong limbs, fleetness
begins, and not a moment before that time. of foot, fortitude, and vitality in addition to courage
(tapang) and endurance (pagtitiis).
o Selecting Leaders
A good example of these type of game is Duels or
Special qualities are generally needed in persons who
games in which two players engage in direct physical
are to be the leaders or captains. Young players always
conflict with each other, observing specific rules of
prefer to place themselves under stronger and older
encounter. These are mostly body contact fights that
leadership.
test the physical fiber of the combatants as well as their
o Choosing Sides willingness and ability to suffer pain. Example Kawit ng
daliri or finger wrestling.
In team competitions, the players are divided into two
or more opposing teams or groups. A captain or leader b) Games of Dexterity and Skill- in these games, a player
is first elected or chosen and then each chooses his own mobilizes his mental faculties in such a manner as to
players. The choice is made alternately one at a time, determine the best response to a given situation and
the first captain chose generally has the first choice. then executes that response with mastered expertise.
The player exercises complete concentration and the
o Choosing the “It” body has to be in the top condition to follow
People all over the world have may ways of choosing an instructions monitored by the mind to execute precise
“it”, but whatever method is used, the ideal universal moves. Some games of dexterity and skill require
rule dictates the strict impartiality must be employed in intense confrontation of minds as ingame.
the choice of the first player to step into the role. Under this category are games that show skill in:
WAYS IN CHOOSING THE “IT” Manipulating objects, Hitting objects, Throwing
▪ BUNUTAN OR LOTTERY Climbing, Balancing

The common type of choosing IT is lottery or bunutan. For example Dama- where a player tries not only to
Players can choose a number, straw, paper, or other defeat his opponent but to dominate him.
materials in guessing who is it. c). Mimetic or Drama Games- A mimetic or drama game
▪ “TIHAYA” o “TAOB” or Toss Coin Toss coin can is one in which the players pretend that they are other
determine the IT people, not themselves, or they are animals inanimate
objects. They are either given traditional lines to say or
▪ JACK AND POY or “ BATO-BATO PICK” some impromptu acts to perform. Games of
This is a finger-flashing method of selecting IT using the dramatization and mimicry seem to be a property of
hand in signaling the fingers, closed fist stone (BATO), girls and old women but when male players engage in
open palm as paper, and clenched fist with two. these games, the drama gets more involved, the rules of
the game more complicated, and acting rougher.
CATEGORIES OF TRADITIONAL GAMES IN THE
PHILIPPINES Example is Bahay-bahayan

➢ ORDINARY GAMES ➢ JOKES AND TRICKSTER GAMES

Ordinary games are characterized by a formulized A game that consists of humorous stories characterized
language in the beginning and ending supernatural by short simple plots.
motifs, and sympathy for the underdog or commoner. These are games in which jokes or tricks are played by a
Ordinary games are composed of three subdivisions: player or a group of players on one player, exposing the
Physical games, Games of dexterity or skill, and Mimetic individual to physical and mental indignity and
or drama games. discomfort in front of the opponents. There is a good
a). Physical Games- these are games characterized by deal of rough humor in these games. Jokes and trickster
energetic motor movements, bodily strength, and games are divided into three groups:
1. Practical Jokes

- These games fall into two types: that in which 4. Hiding and Hunting Objects
the basis for laughter is the victim action like a coin in
- these are games in which a player or team of
the forehead; and that in which it is his speech rather
players hide an object from another player or another
than his action which leads to his being laughed at like
team, after which, the latter searches for that which is
tongue twister.
hidden. This game is closely related to guessing games,
2. Games of Power Play the only difference is that the players in hiding and
hunting objects do not speculate or guess where the
- These games wherein a player taking the “it”
hidden object is but must actively hunt for it.Examples:
role utilizes his potential role and manipulates the
Tagau-taguan and Taguan ng Tsinelas.
movements of the rest of the players with a minimum
of skill but a maximum of trickery. 5. Games of Chance

A good example of this game is the Ilong, Ilong, Bibig; - these are contests between a player or players
This game is played indoor or outdoor setting. The main on one on side and an imaginary opponent called Luck
objective of this game is to follow the leader’s or SUWERTE. Included in this category are games that
commands and not what he does. put absolute reliance on mechanical equipment or
props whose results are beyond any human control.
Movements:
Example: Lucky Nine
1 The leader touches his nose with a finger and
➢ FORMULA GAMES
says, “Ilong, Ilong, Ilong” then his mouth “Bibig, Bibig,
Bibig. The players follow his command. A formula game is one in which the whole game is the
sum-total of all its parts, and each part is related to and
2 The leader suddenly puts his finger on his
derives its ultimate significance from the entire whole.
mouth and taps it saying, “Ilong, Ilong, Ilong.”
A formula game is governed by precise contingency
(Note: The leader continues to repeat the words but rules. This category is divided into the following
quickly taps some other part of the face, like in his eye, subheads:
ear, cheek, etc.)
a. Cumulative Games- These are chain reaction
The player caught imitating the leader’s movements games. The succeeding movements always repeat the
and not his command is eliminated from the game. previous movements or parts thereof, then adds a new
part each time to arrive gradually at the conclusion.
3 The last player in the circle is the next leader.
Example: Luksong Tinik and Piko
3. Guessing Games
b. Minor Formula games
- These are games in which speculation plays a major
Circular games- these are verbal forfeit games that
role. The games fall under several groups:those in which
require each player to repeat traditional segment ( a
one player tries to guess the identity of another player.
phrase, sentence, or verse) of a story.
Example Takip Silim
Games Avoiding Pronouns- These are games where the
• those which require the guesser to surmise
players are made to recite traditional poems or verses,
which hand is holding an object or objects. Example :
sometimes lyrics or songs, and while doing so must omit
Kaliwa o kanan.
all pronouns.
• to guess which finger or fingers of a player
Verbal jousts- This game characterized by an
touched the guesser. Example: Pitik Bulag
extemporaneous debate between two players or
• those which require the guesser to guess the between groups of players on a traditional subject.
number of objects in another player’s closed fist.
Holistic Benefits of Philippine Traditional Indoor Games
Example: Odd or Even
The researchers aim to prove that traditional Filipino
games could benefit every child who plays such

traditional games in the Philippines. Also to introduce

the traditional Filipino games to the new generations up

to the next generation.

➢ According to Barbosa (2003) Filipinos really love

playing games and this is observed true.

➢ Hazelton et al., n.d says that when children

engage themselves in traditional games, they become
more flexible and physically healthy because of the
combination of exercises they do with their body and
they develop positive social values and other aspects of
culture through social learning.

➢ Prakash (2012) This kind of traditional games

gives happiness and provides good health, it also helps
the children to maintain emotional stability. And it
keeps them fit and healthy.

➢ Philippine traditional games helps children to

retain their playful attitude which contributes to
openmindedness, creativity, and flexibility and
problemsolving (Calixihan, 2010)

THINGS TO CONSIDER IN CONDUCTING THE GAME

WARM-UP - Be sure to have warm-up activities before

doing the game in order to prepare your body from
vigorous games. The purpose of a warm-up is to
prevent injury by increasing the body’s core and muscle
temperature.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT- Check the facilities and

equipment if there are is in good condition for safety
purposes. Many physical activities such as playing,
require little special equipment. For others, it is
essential to have correct equipment to prevent injury.
Equipment for an activity may range from general items
of clothing to special protective suits or apparatus in
order to have a safe play.

THE RULES- Set guidelines and rules for each game. If

there are modifications make sure to inform the
participants prior to the game. Rule is one of the
important component in a game because how can you
play a game without rules to follow? So, rules must be
present in any type of game.